Towards an agrarian question of circulation: Walmart's expansion in Chile and the agrarian political economy of supply chain capitalism

The central role that infrastructures of circulation and connectivity—logistical, financial, and digital—have come to perform in the reproduction of agro‐food systems calls for an expanded conception of agriculture that integrates dialectically the production of economic value and its subsequent realization in the sphere of exchange. Through the case of Walmart's expansion in Chile, and on the basis of a critical theorization of the circulation of capital, this paper proposes an agrarian question of circulation in which the apparently distinct realms of food production, transport, storage, and consumption are brought together into a contradictory and yet unitary whole. The case of Walmart Chile is illustrative of how the reconfiguration of spaces of urban mass consumption and the organizational restructuring of agro‐industrial hinterlands constitute each other in intricate ways. An agrarian question of circulation, the paper concludes, bears important political implications for rethinking the scope and extent of contemporary discussions on agrarian reform being put forward by transnational rural organizations.     

We,campesinos: The potentials and pitfalls of agrarian populism in Colombia's agrarian strike

This contribution aims to explore the potentials and pitfalls for the emergence of a popular agrarian movement capable of offering a progressive alternative to the far-right. Taking the case of Colombia's national agrarian strike, the paper argues that food sovereignty can offer a mobilizing framework for a multiclass, antineoliberal agrarian coalition. However, the possibilities for building a counter-hegemonic movement should be taken with more caution. An examination of the class differentiation between and within campesino movements reveals how the interests of certain groups may be prioritized over others. While agrarian populism may offer an important political strategy for building coalitions and framing demands, a closer class analysis points to limits to its transformative potential.     

20世纪二三十年代贵州粮食市场和商品粮食数量分析

20世纪20、30年代贵州粮食市场的发育处于黄金时期，粮食市场数量众多，市场网络得以扩大，商品粮数量较大，贵州省成为粮食输出省份。本文试图通过对粮食市场与商品粮的分析，剖析经济社会处于重要转型时期的贵州商品经济的发展情况，说明商品经济的发展、现代交通运输业的兴起及其它因素成为市场发育的重要条件。     

农民"离村"的社会经济效应--以20世纪二三十年代为背景

本文以 2 0世纪二三十年代为背景 ,概述农民“离村”的社会经济效应 ,认为 ,“离村”现象主要是农村经济衰退的产物。农民大量“离村” ,对农村经济社会影响至巨 :精壮劳动力流失“不仅减削生产力 ,而且失去优秀人才以为农村改进之基本” ;造成耕地撂荒和“有地无粮”现象的严重化。尽管农民离村对农村社会经济不无小补 ,但总的来看 ,积极影响微乎其微     

试论20世纪30年代华北的碱地改良

20世纪30年代,为了消灭土盐,维护国税,消除社会冲突,复兴农村经济,在南京国民政府的指导下,冀鲁豫三省的地方政府及盐务管理部门在华北进行大规模的碱地改良。由于计划周密,措施得力,取得了较为良好的效果。但由于抗战的爆发,导致该项工作的中断。     

我国陆海经济发展现状、问题及对策分析

文章通过数据调查与分析对我国陆海经济发展的现状及存在的问题作详细阐述。从我国整体与沿海11省市两个角度分析宏观经济总量与经济结构的变化与发展趋势;从经济总量、经济结构、主要海洋产业的发展三个角度对我国海洋经济的发展展开叙述,幵做出2001-2013年各产业产值变化图;从制度、科技、不平衡性等多个角度提出我国陆海经济发展存在的问题。最后就我国陆海经济协同发展问题给出相应的对策与建议。     

20世纪20、30年代冀鲁两省的凿井灌田与防旱救荒

凿井灌田是冀鲁两省重要的抗旱措施之一。与开渠相比，井灌成本低、易于推广，1920年代起，两省地方政府与社会团体等先后通过引导示范、技术指导、发放优惠贷款等办法，鼓励农民发展井灌，防旱救荒，尤其注意推广新式凿井技术和汲水工具等。从农业发展和防旱救荒的角度看，井灌具有较高的经济和社会效益。     

低碳视角下环渤海地区海洋经济与生态环境协调性研究

海洋经济低碳化转型需要与生态环境协调发展.本文通过构建评价海洋经济与生态环境发展的指标体系,运用主成分分析和回归分析对环渤海地区的海洋经济与环境之间的协调性进行测度,并与长三角和珠三角地区进行横向比较.分析表明:环渤海地区的海洋经济与生态环境之间的协调等级为优质协调,珠三角地区和长三角地区呈现不同程度的失调,且长三角地区失调程度较严重.基于低碳化的视角提出促使海洋经济与生态环境协调发展的对策建议.     

The hidden edifice of (food) sovereignty: Rights,territory, and the struggle for agrarian reform in Venezuela

This article seeks to make a critical contribution to the “sovereignty problem” in food sovereignty (FS) studies. Contemporary scholarship has largely struggled to answer the question of who or what is sovereign within the realm of FS politics—underpinned by the relocalisation of agrarian production, sustainable nature–society relations, and a radical democratisation of food systems. Although the most recent scholarship has made significant progress on this issue, I offer an alternative historical materialist account of sovereignty understood as the combination of rights and territory. From a critical Marxian perspective, I deconstruct the basis of sovereign power as the intersection between social property rights (exploitation) and territorial governance (political technology) congealed within both capital and the state. This approach thus provides some clarity as to the necessary breaks required to establish an FS regime (self‐directed labour and cooperative territorial governance). The framework is then applied to the case of Bolivarian Venezuela. While witnessing some important achievements, Venezuela's FS experiment has encountered a number of contradictions. As this case study shows, peasant struggles aiming to retake control over production and establish cooperative forms of governance must traverse the entire terrain of the state and thus affect a broader socialisation of society's sociopolitical infrastructures.     

Commercial Farm Workers and the Politics of (Dis)placement in Zimbabwe: Colonialism, Liberation and Democracy

The widespread land occupations of 2000 demonstrate the uneasy fit of commercial farm workers within the politics and development of Zimbabwe. Not only have farm workers borne the most violence at the hands of land occupiers, but their current socio-political situation on predominantly white-owned commercial farms has either been reduced by a nationalist liberation war binary of exploitation/abuse by racist white settlers or totally elided through human rights and democracy discourses anchored in the liberal subject. Based on periodic fieldwork research with commercial farm workers from 1992 to 2000, this paper analyses how farm workers have been represented by the various public actors during the current land occupations and the complex ways some farm workers have responded to these events. The emphasis is on how political actors need to rethink the situation of commercial farm workers if they are to take an active role in the improvement of their living and working lives.     

海洋经济发展与宏观经济增长的关联机制研究——以山东省海洋经济为例

海洋经济已经成为我国宏观经济新的增长点,山东省作为全国海洋资源大省,近年来海洋经济的发展水平不断提升,海洋经济占山东省整体经济比重增强。论文利用VAR模型以山东省为例对海洋经济发展与宏观经济增长的关系进行实证分析。研究发现海洋经济的发展对宏观经济的促进作用较为明显,而宏观经济的增长对海洋经济发展的促进作用有明显的一到两年的滞后性。针对研究结果,论文为海洋经济发展提出相关的政策建议。     

渔业资源生态与渔业经济和谐发展的路径选择

渔业资源、生态环境是渔业经济实现可持续发展的最基本条件,以科学发展观协调三者之间的关系,使之形成良性循环也已经成为实现渔业经济可持续发展的重要任务.本文从生态经济的人与自然观、系统观和功能观的角度来认识渔业资源、生态和经济的协调发展,并指出推进环境友好型渔业发展的路径选择.     

重庆直辖以来耕地变化与经济发展关系研究

采用理论分析与模型分析相结合的方法,对重庆市耕地变化与经济发展的关系进行研究:耕地面积和人均耕地面积呈递减趋势,减少的程度由经济发达地区向经济不发达地区逐渐降低,不同区县耕地安全程度差异较大;耕地面积随人均GDP的增加呈显著减少,耕地面积年减少量与人均GDP的变化形式上呈现"倒U"型,但两者的拟合二次方程R2值较小,说明重庆市还没有真正呈现出经济发展对耕地占用减少的拐点。     

近一个世纪中国农业经营变化之研究——基于与20世纪初期Buck资料的比较

本文根据两个历史时期的农户资料的比较,对近一个世纪以来中国农业中的生产要素投入水平、农业经营状况、农户收入来源等进行了分析.与80年前相比,户均耕地面积仅为当时的30%左右,但土地生产率提高了2～3倍,农业劳动生产率提高了3倍以上,农业技术进步中的生物化学技术的应用比机械技术的作用更为显著,从农户经济的变化来看其来源趋向多元化.     

论近代合作运动进程中的"商资归农"——以20世纪30年代华北农村为中心

近代中国合作运动史上曾出现过的“商资归农”,是世界合作运动史上较为特殊的一种社会经济现象。它的出现有其特殊的社会经济原因;其发生、发展到最后的转变虽只有一个较短的过程,却对我国现代农业金融制度的发展,尤其是对乡村借贷关系的现代转化产生了积极作用。历史经验告诉我们,“商资归农”在合理规范的前提下有助于农村合作;“商资归农”与农村合作的有机结合,应该是我们今天社会主义新农村建设中最值得思考和关注的现实选择。     

Land, landlords and sustainable livelihoods: The impact of agrarian reform on a coconut hacienda in the Philippines

Agrarian reform has been a key theme on the development agenda of many countries in the Global South for decades. Whilst such interventions are often pursued for political goals and in the interests of empowerment, there is often a mismatch between these goals and the actual outcomes achieved. Within this context, this study investigates the impacts of agrarian reform in Del Rosario, a former coconut hacienda in the Philippines. This is done in an attempt to explore whether agrarian reform has facilitated the creation of sustainable livelihoods among its beneficiaries, in particular, and in their agrarian reform community, in general. The impacts of reform are examined in relation to four themes - economic, social, demographic and environmental. Overall, the study concludes that agrarian reform has not brought about sustainable livelihoods in the former coconut hacienda. People's livelihoods, especially those derived from copra farming, remain at a subsistence level. At most, at an economic level agrarian reform has brought about improved access to land among its beneficiaries. Nevertheless, it has empowered the farmers by giving them greater freedom and has increased their sense of well-being, as well as enabling them to improve their families’ life prospects and strengthen social capital.     

我国东西部经济合作的流域模式分析

介绍了流域经济合作模式研究概况,阐述了流域经济合作模式内涵,对我国流域经济合作模式的可行性进行了分析,提出了我国流域经济合作的具体模式:按照以经济带为核心、以特大城市为增长极、以沿江、沿河地带为开发主轴和以构筑特色产业为重点的模式进行流域经济合作。