Developing futuristic product portfolios: A major panacea for the sluggish american industry

American competitiveness is on the decline. This article presents a new concept coined futuristic product portfolio. These are portfolios dealing with product ideas for the future. This new concept if used effectively would enhance the competitiveness of the U.S. firms both at home and abroad. Discussion is centered around developing such a portfolio. Such portfolios are developed in three stages: (1) generating ideas, (2) evaluation, and (3) prioritization. An attempt is made to develop a paradigm that may be used to manage futuristic products.     

区域竞争力内涵的多元化认知与辨析

在梳理了有关区域竞争力涵义的几种比较有代表性的观点：财富创造说,可持续发展能力说,经济实力说,资源配置说,综合能力说,因素说以及其他观点的基础上,认为,区域竞争力是一个区域在发展过程中同其他区域竞争过程中所表现出来的对资源的吸引争夺能力以及通过对已有资源的优化和合理配置,使得本区域能够得到持续、综合、协调的发展,不断形成区域竞争优势的能力。区域竞争力是区域多种能力合成的结果,区域竞争力的强弱将直接影响到区经济发展的后劲。区域竞争力的核心是创造竞争优势。     

Japanese/U.S. technological competitiveness and strategic alliances in the biotechnology industry

This paper analyzes the reasons for Japanese/U.S. collaborations in the biotechnology industry, and considers the question of whether such alliances pose a threat to the North American industry. Japan's technological competitiveness in biotechnology is examined in terms of its strengths and perceived weaknesses. Ways in which Japan is attempting to overcome these weaknesses are identified. As well, the strengths and weaknesses of the North American biotechnology industry are assessed. The paper concludes with recommendations for government and R&D managers on how to preserve U.S. competitiveness. R&D managers must keep abreast of their techno-global competitive environments. While organizations can enter into alliances to improve their competitiveness they must be aware of the dangers of collaboration, and to benefit from their alliances they must enhance their organizational learning. Organizations must be aware of the pitfalls of alliance formation, and any alliance must be viewed in its national context. Last, but not least, managers must be more effective in their management of the processes of technological innovation.     

论中小企业技术创新的难点及应对措施

在全球经济一体化、市场竞争白热化的环境下,中小企业面临巨大的压力与挑战．中小企业只有通过不断的技术创新,形成企业所独有的核心竞争力,才能获得生存与发展。文章介绍了中小企业技术创新的概念及其特点,分析了当前中小企业技术创新所面临的主要难点,提出了切实可行的促进中小企业技术创新的应对措施。     

中国地区工业竞争力评价

工业竞争力是近年来学术界研究的一个重要领域。本文在对现有研究成果进行间要回顾的基础上，提出了一个衡量地区工业竞争力的基本理论框架，即地区工业竞争力是由市场影响力、工业增长力、资源配置力、结构转换力和工业创新力有机构成的综合体。根据这一基本理论框架，我们设计了一个简便的测度地区工业竞争力的综合评价指标体系，并据此对当前我国各地区的工业竞争力状况进行了初步评价，提出了增强地区工业竞争力的政策建议。     

中国城市竞争力与基础设施关系的实证研究

城市竞争力是城市产业创造价值的综合能力，提高城市竞争力必须清楚影响城市竞争力的关键因素，本文提出城市竞争力与基础设施竞争力关系的假说后，选取中国部分城市的样本指标数据，利用主成份分析方法，构造城市竞争力和基础设施竞争力指数，运用模糊曲线分析方法，对理论假说进行了初步的检验分析，结果显示：基础设施是城市竞争力最重要的成或影响力量，技术性基础设计对城市竞争力越来越至关重要。     

基于AHP-Delphi的第四方物流企业竞争力评价模型研究

国内第四方物流(4PL)企业竞争力缺乏不单单是自身的原因,也有缺少当地相应政策支持的原因.文章提出一个新的4PL企业竞争力评价指标体系,并给出了使用双权法的模糊综合评价模型来衡量竞争力,最后通过现有资料对该模型进行了应用.该模型可以较准确地衡量4PL企业的真正竞争力,从而给企业家改进企业运作以及相关部门推出扶持政策提供了借鉴.     

中石化上游领域竞争力和抗风险能力的定量分析

在分析石油公司上游领域竞争力影响因素的基础上，提出了定量评价上游 领域竞争力和抗油价风险能力的定量评价方法，按上游综合竞争力指标将世界石油公司分为三类，第一类公司的指标值均在90以上，第二类公司在55－70，第三类公司在25－35。分析表明中石化集团上游领域竞争力较低，承受体油价的时间很短，但是，中石化集团公司上游竞争力和抗风险能力有很大的改善余地，并提出提高竞争力和抗风险能力的措施和建议。     

信息产业企业竞争力评价研究

提出了信息产业企业竞争力评价的理论模型和评价指标体系,并依此设计开发出完整的评价方法和流程,为信息产业企业管理者评价企业自身竞争位势,改善企业经营提供了一个强有力的工具。     

企业竞争力测评的理论与方法

如何测评企业的竞争力是竞争力研究中的一个专门课题。从竞争力研究的价值来说，不仅要用经济学和管理学的方法来研究竞争力，而且，还要用统计学的方法把它表现出来。企业竞争力的指标可以分为两大类：测评指标和分析指标。测评指标特别是其中的显示性测评指标所反映的是竞争的结果或者竞争力的最终表现，而分析性指标所反映的则是竞争力的原因或者决定因素。“《中国经营报》企业竞争力监测项目”所取得的成果表明，以对企业竞争力的测评为基础，可以发展为一个竞争力研究的广阔领域。在不断接近客观事实的意义上，在正确地把握总体态势和客观趋势的意义上，运用经济学、管理学和统计分析的方法，相对地反映出企业竞争力的真实状况，并做出比较切合实际的评价，这是经济学、管理学和统计学在企业竞争力研究上所做出的重要贡献。     

Government sponsored programmes for international technological exchanges and applied collective research

The author sets out to critically reassess the conventional wisdom that, in the high-tech semiconductor market at least, R&D and innovation demands inter-firm collaboration and significant government intervention and funding. The hinge of his critique is that arguments for extensive collective work are dominated by technology and underestimate the need of individual firms to put the effect on their competitiveness first when new technology is on the agenda for development. Government sponsored collective agreements may in fact result in loss of competitiveness if they encourage technology inappropriate for market needs. In fact, R&D is not the only important contributor to innovation; licensing-in an existing technology new to the firm may be an equally effective means of achieving competitiveness.
The author concludes that the value of technical agreements to a firm will differ from industry to industry and from nation to nation, but, whatever the situation, in making the decision whether or not to participate it must be expected a firm will give priority to maintaining its competitiveness.     

基于指数型功效函数的高技术产业集群竞争力评价研究——以京津冀为例

本文从内生竞争力和外生竞争力两方面影响因素构建了高技术产业集群竞争力评价三级指标体系,用AHP-熵值法综合确定指标的权重。基于维度和阈值改进的指数型功效函数构建了高技术产业集群竞争力评价模型,再由组合赋权法得到综合评价值,由此反映集群竞争力的强弱。对2004～2013年京津冀高技术产业集群进行实证检验,发现京津冀高技术产业集群竞争力整体呈现逐年增长的趋势,2004～2011年竞争力增长率较低,增长速度较慢;2011～2013年增长率提高,增长速度明显加快。     

基于公共关系下的企业制服研究——以旅游服务业为例

现今社会是品牌竞争和情感消费的时代,公共关系是企业实力和企业形象的整体表现。企业制服的设计应当从公共关系方面入手,并在整体的设计构想中实现,势必有力地提升企业的公共关系环境和综合竞争力。     

河北省产业集群竞争力评价比较研究

产业集群已成为当今区域经济发展的重要力量,而集群的竞争力又是发展的关键。本文从集群发展能力、集群创新能力、集群市场开拓能力、集群资源整合能力、集群环境因素5个方面建立了产业集群竞争力评价指标体系;采用层次分析法及灰色关联分析法,建立集群竞争力评价模型,将河北产业集群竞争力与江苏、浙江、广东3个位居全国前列的发达省份以及与我省经济总量相近的辽宁、河南、福建三省比较。研究河北省集群竞争力的优劣势,分析原因、寻求对策。     

中国区域建筑产业竞争力ANP评价模型指标选择与实证研究

将指标综合选择方法引入建筑产业评价领域,利用聚类分析、主成分分析、相关性分析等分析方法,定量化地选定了12个观测指标,从资源要素、产业外部环境、产业内生能力3个方面提出区域建筑产业竞争力评价指标体系.针对该评价指标体系本身非递阶层次结构特点,利用网络分析法(ANP)建立了中国区域建筑产业竞争力评价模型,对全国31个省、市、自治区建筑产业竞争力进行了具体测定与排序.计算结果表明:建筑产业竞争力存在着明显的地域差异,东部和沿海地区表现明显优于西部和中部地区.     

基于DEA 模型的我国上市商业银行竞争力分析

金融业竞争的日益市场化与国际化以及基于技术创新的金融业快速发展,使得我国竞争力本来就不强的银行业深受冲击。因此,我国银行业必须不断提升自主创新能力,提高市场竞争力,以便构筑起可持续发展的能力。本文试图用数据包络方法(DEA) 对我国16 家上市商业银行竞争力进行实证分析,期望能够对我国商业银行竞争力的提升有一定的借鉴意义。     

区域人力资源竞争力组合评价研究

在人力资源竞争力评价指标体系的基础上,采用因子分析法、熵值法、TOPSIS法三种单一评价法进行了评价．运用肯达尔一致性系数进行事前相容性检验,建立了平均值法、Borda法、Copeland法的组合评价模型．运用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数法对组合评价结果进行了事后一致性检验,得到了最优评价结果。     

基于AHP和灰色评价的河北省区域经济竞争力差异评价

基于河北省经济年鉴统计数据,选取GDP、地方财政收入、社会零售品消费总额等指标构成区域经济竞争力评价指标体系,并运用灰色综合评判法对河北省经济竞争力进行了综合评价,结果表明:目前河北省的11个地级市经济发展不平衡,区域经济竞争力较强的城市位于环京津地区、沿海地区和省会(唐山、石家庄分别位居第一、第二),南北两端的城市经济竞争力水平相对较低。因此,缩小城市间的经济差距、发挥各城市的优势资源是提升河北省整体区域经济竞争力水平的关键,从而实现河北省区域经济的协调发展。     

What Separates Japanese New Product Winners from Losers

Operating in the upper echelons of highly competitive, global markets, numerous Japanese firms enjoy well-deserved reputations for excellence in new product development. Despite this success, however, almost no research has been conducted to explore the keys to successful new product development in Japanese companies. For the most part, research in this area has focused on North American and European firms. X. Michael Song and Mark E. Parry address this gap with a study of 404 Japanese firms and 788 new product introductions. Their research explores the links between new product success and 10 factors: product advantage; marketing synergy; technological synergy; market potential; market competitiveness; market and technical understanding; senior management support; proficiency in the predevelopment planning process and in concept development and evaluation; proficiency in market research, market pretesting, and market launch; and technical proficiency. To avoid any cultural bias, development of the survey was preceded by in-depth case studies and focus group interviews with Japanese and American new product development teams. Although time-consuming and expensive, these preliminary steps were necessary for ensuring the validity of the survey contents and procedures. Notwithstanding the obvious cultural differences, the findings from this study suggest that Japanese new products professionals view the keys to success in much the same way as their North American counterparts. For the survey respondents, the most important success factor is product advantage. Other important success factors include predevelopment proficiency (that is, proficiency in the predevelopment planning process as well as in concept definition and evaluation) and marketing and technological synergy. Consistent with previous research on North American firms, market competitiveness was found to be the least important success factor. For managers who are trying to predict whether a project will result in a product advantage, several survey items may be useful as a checklist for assessing potential product advantage. In particular, these managers should consider whether the product offers potential for reducing consumer costs and expanding consumer capabilities, as well as the likelihood that the product offers improved quality, superior technical performance, and a superior benefit-to-cost ratio.     

利基企业的商业生态系统战略决策模型研究

已有的研究对骨干企业的商业生态系统理论进行了比较深入的讨论,利基企业是生态系统中的大众和价值创造主体,研究其商业生态系统战略不仅具有重要的理论价值,同时也有助于提高初创企业的创业成功率,从而激活国民经济的活力。本文识别出利基企业在商业生态系统中面临着随整个系统灭亡、被核心企业捕食和与其它利基者竞争3种挑战,提出以商业生态系统和生态位评估为基础的利基企业商业生态系统战略决策模型。 