保险在宏观经济和微观经济中的作用分析

保险的作用是指保险在国民经济中执行其职能时所产生的社套效应，本文从保险在微观经济中的作用和在宏观经济中的作用两个方面来分析保险的作用以及保险所产生的社会效益。以增强个人、企业对保险的认识程度，增加个人、企业投保的积极性。     

试论我国宏观经济与微观经济协调发展

宏观经济与微观经济的现实结合和有效运行只能是计划与市场相结合的运行机制和运行模式。宏观经济的主导作用和微观经济的基础作用,通过市场有机地连接起来,使宏观经济与微观经济在互动中相互兼容、相互联系,实现国民经济在社会主义市场经济条件下健康、协调的运作。国家是宏观调控的主体,企业是宏观调控的基础,国家只有根据客观经济规律、形势,采取适度的调控措施,企业只有在发挥其自觉性和主动性的基础上,自觉地接受国家的宏观调控,才能实现宏观经济与微观经济互为补充、互相促进的理想发展状态。     

宏观经济与微观经济的关联与互偿性探析

经济学的目的是为了通过对人们的经济活动提供正确的指导来实现资源优化配置,从而实现整个社会经济福利的最大化。就经济学来讲,可从宏观经济和微观经济来展来分析,宏观经济与微观经济存在着不可分离的辩证统一关系。就其关联性来讲,宏观经济与微观经济可谓是相互依存,从其互偿性来说,宏观经济与微观经济也是相辅相成的。就我们医院内部来说,也是同样的道理。本文就结合经济学发展现状,对我们医院内部现有宏观经济与微观经济之间的关联性以及其之间的互偿性进行探究分析。     

DSS中的微观经济决策研究

随着知识经济的到来．越来越多的企业开始采用DSS(Decision Support System,决策支持系统)以实现企业管理的信息化。因此．找出企业运作过程中的决策行为．弄清其决策主体并通过计算机实现其流程便成为一项重要而有意义的工作。     

微观经济与企业管理

中小企业的发展对我国经济有举足轻重的地位。由于中小企业规模小,资金少,竞争力弱,加之起市场地位的不可替代性,目前备受世人关注。怎样使中小企业走出困境,是摆在我们面前的一大问题。文章从微观角度,先分析中小企业面临的问题,然后结合实际提出相应的对策。     

Timing and Virtual Observability in Ultimatum Bargaining and “Weak Link” Coordination Games

Previous studies have shown that simply knowing one player moves first can affect behavior in games, even when the first-mover's moves are known to be unobservable. This observation violates the game-theoretic principle that timing of unobserved moves is irrelevant, but is consistent with virtual observability, a theory of how timing can matter without the ability to observe actions. However, this previous research only shows that timing matters in games where knowledge that one player moved first can help select that player's preferred equilibrium, presenting an alternative explanation to virtual observability. We extend this work by varying timing of unobservable moves in ultimatum bargaining games and “weak link” coordination games. In the latter, the equilibrium selection explanation does not predict any change in behavior due to timing differences. We find that timing without observability affects behavior in both games, but not substantially.     

我国股票市场与宏观经济关系的实证分析

近年来,随着股票市场的迅速发展,其在我国国民经济中的作用日益突出,国内一些专家学者也开始关注这个问题,但总的来看,大家对此问题仍有很多分歧.为此,本文在前人研究的基础上运用EVIEWS软件对股票市场、宏观经济这两者之间的关系进行了分析,分析的结果肯定了股票市场在我国经济发展中的重要性,并进一步得出我国当前股票市场与宏观经济存在一定的长期稳定关系,但其互相影响的程度较小的结论.     

中国工业化与信息化融合质量:理论与实证

本文构建完全竞争和不完全竞争条件下的工业化与信息化融合模型,将随机前沿分析方法应用于工业化与信息化融合研究,以2000-2009年中国31个省市面板数据探讨中国工业化与信息化融合质量并发现:首先,融合具有周期大约为5年的间断平衡性,信息化带动工业化路径与两者融合的相关性高于工业化促进信息化路径,工业化和信息化对各自理想水平的偏离呈交替波动等三个主要特点;其次,融合对中国转变经济增长方式、三次产业结构调整、降低单位GRP电力消费和能耗有不同程度的影响。融合水平每增加一个点(以百分计),人均GRP可增长0.06%;融合可显著减少第一产业的产值比重,促使第一产业向第二或第三产业转移;融合可减少单位地区生产总值电力消费和能源消耗,但这种影响很小,不具统计显著性。     

20世纪30年代大萧条中的中国宏观经济

本文对20世纪30年代世界经济大萧条中的中国经济进行历史回顾和经济理论分析,并与西方主要金本位国家进行比较,力图还原历史的本来面目。本文的研究发现,有两个因素在大萧条时期的中国经济中起到了重要作用,一个是银本位,一个是竞争性的银行体系。银本位使中国经济萧条的进程迥然不同于西方金本位国家;不同于西方国家主要通过财政政策度过大萧条,中国由于特殊的银行体系,货币供给始终没有减少,银行危机也没有普遍发生,这是中国经济在整个大萧条中表现较好的一个重要原因。     

Trade Costs and the Open Macroeconomy

Trade costs are known to be a major obstacle to international economic integration. Following the approach of New Open Economy Macroeconomics, this paper explores the effects of international trade costs in a micro‐founded general equilibrium model that allows for different degrees of exchange rate pass‐through. Trade costs are shown to create an endogenous home bias in consumption and the model performs well in matching empirical trade shares for OECD countries. In addition, trade costs reduce cross‐country output and consumption correlations, and they magnify exchange rate volatility. Trade costs turn a monetary expansion into a beggar‐thy‐neighbor policy.     

Link between innovation and productivity in Canadian manufacturing industries

Empirical studies commonly use research and development (R&D) to measure innovation and often find, especially in Canada, no strong link between productivity and innovation. In this article, we model innovation as an unobservable latent variable that underlies four indicators: R&D, patents, technology adoption, and skills. We find that these indicators are reasonably good measures of innovation for aggregate manufacturing. However, except for skills, the reliability of the indicators for innovation differs among individual industries. Our innovation indexes, based on the latent variable model, show that most manufacturing industries became more innovative over the 1980–1997 period. The pace of innovation in the electrical and electronic products industry accelerated during the 1990s. In addition, we show that the new measure of innovation has a positive and statistically significant impact on productivity. It takes from 1 to 3 years, depending on the industry, for innovation to generate an impact on productivity.     

通货膨胀不确定性及其对宏观经济的影响

利用马尔科夫范式转换模型分析了1985年1月到2009年7月我国通货膨胀的状态转换特征,并考察了与之伴随的不确定性及其对我国主要宏观经济变量的影响,发现通货膨胀不确定性仅对消费波动有显著影响,对投资和净出口的影响不显著,且方差不确定性和均值不确定性分别导致了消费波动增大与减小.通货膨胀不确定性凸显了宏观调控的重要性,积极、有效、透明的政策能够减少消费所面临的不确定性,保证居民消费的稳定和可持续增长,将有助于扩大内需,促进我国经济增长.     

The Sovereign Yield Curve and the Macroeconomy in China

A dynamic Nelson–Siegel model is adopted to estimate three time‐varying factors of yield curves, the level, the slope and the curvature, and a vector autoregressive model is built to study interactions between macro variables and the yield curve. Results show that, first, money supply growth is a more effective instrument to curb inflation than the monetary policy interest rate; however, the central bank also adjusts the interest rate to stabilize money supply. Second, investment is an important measure to stimulate the Chinese economy, but it also pushes up money supply growth, which results in higher inflation. Third, the yield curve reacts significantly to innovations to investment growth and money supply growth. The segmentation of China's bond market hinders the efficient implementation of monetary policy, and the monetary policy transmission mechanism is still weak in China. Finally, interactions between the yield curve and the macroeconomy in China are nearly unidirectional. Macroeconomic variables reshape the yield curve, but direct adjustments of the yield curve do not significantly change macroeconomic variables. Due to the incomplete liberalization of financial markets, there exists a wide disjunction between the real economy and financial markets in China.     

Coordination between a sophisticated and fictitious player

Successful coordination is a common and important social problem. Achieving it relies on the players’ ability to accurately anticipate future choices from known information. Individuals may not only lack this cognitive ability, but differ in it. Fictitious Play is an adaptive behavior where a myopic best response to the historical play of an opponent is selected. I consider the interaction between a fictitious player and a sophisticated player in 2 × 2 coordination games. The existence of coordination, the selection of equilibria, and the payoffs generated are analyzed.     

Immigration and the Australian Macroeconomy: Perspective and Prospective

Australia has long been a nation of immigrants. The economic purposes of migration and its economic consequences are major public policy issues. This selective review of research looks at the macroeconomic dimensions of this issue for Australia.