中国国际税收研究会2013—2016年国际税收理论研究课题规划

为贯彻落实党的十八大精神,实现中国国际税收研究会提出的构建"创新研究会、活力研究会、和谐研究会"的奋斗目标,解放思想,求真务实,大力推进国际税收理论研究"精品工程",以更加广阔的国际视角开展税收理论研究,坚持国际税收理论前沿探索与国内税收政策、税制建设、征管实务研究相结合,在国际税收研究领域与国际接轨,打造有知名度的国际税收研究品牌,中国国际税收     

对现代主流税收理论的反思

现代主流税收理论是新古典税收理论、福利经济学税收理论、宏观经济学税收理论和新制度学派税收理论的大综合,并不具备一个完美理论体系所应有的严密性,而只是把各种税收学说“组合”到一起,其内部充满不可调和的矛盾和冲突。并且这一理论的假设前提和分析方法都是有疑问的。这样的理论对于建立科学的税收制度似乎并无帮助,甚至可以说反而会引起误导,需要反思。     

经济全球化与我国税收国际化问题研究—兼论我国“入世”的税收政策调整与选择

在世界经济全球化的今天，任何一个国家都不可能游离于世界经济体系之外。中国加入世界贸易组织（WTO，下同），符合世界经济全球化的发展趋势，也是中国经济贸易发展的客观要求。经济的全球化，将使人类社会又一次面临生产方式、生活方式、思维方式和历史性变革。其形成和发展不可避免地将对现有的税收理论、税收政策、税收制度以及税务管理实践产生重大的影响。我国税收如何应对这一变革，建立符合国际惯例的税收制度，完成我国税收与WTO框架下的税收准则和税收制度的对接，实现我国税收的国际化，促进我国经济和世界经济的共同繁荣，是摆在我们税收理论和实际工作者面前的十分重要而又需解决的课题。     

中国国际税收研究会十年科研成果介绍

紧密围绕税收工作实际,开展全国性理论调研活动 十年来,中国国际税收研究会(以下简称"研究会")共进行了33个全国性调研课题研究.针对现实税收工作中的热点、难点、焦点,有重点多层面地进行调研,包括综合性与针对性研究、税收理论与税收实务研究、税制与征管研究、现实性与前瞻性研究等,内容涉及税收调控体系、世界税制发展动向、税收政策的国际比较、国际税收协调、商品劳务税收、所得税收、地方税收、电子商务税收、税收征管改革、税收分级管理体制、依法治税等方面.     

国际税收竞争与国际税收协调之辩证观

国际税收竞争与国际税收协调是经济全球化下国际税收关系主要矛盾的外在表现形式,二者之间存在着辩证统一的关系。国际税收协调既可以缓解恶性国际税收竞争,又会产生新一轮的国际税收竞争。各国对待国际税收竞争与协调的立场会因各自利益的不同需要而发生改变,但总体而言,走“税收竞争——税收协调”之路是处理国际税收关系的必然趋势,这一趋势的发展对我国税收政策的调整也有重要启示。     

税收支持人工智能发展的机理分析与政策选择北大核心CSSCI

作为人类社会第四次工业革命的标志性产物,人工智能在经济社会发展进程中扮演着十分重要的角色。如何利用税收政策来主动支持人工智能发展,成为各国税收学、计算机应用科学、社会学等学科理论研究的重要议题。本文以人工智能对经济社会发展的综合影响为分析背景,拓展分析税收政策促进人工智能发展的作用机理,并在此基础上提出了进一步促进人工智能发展的前导性、过程性、保障性税收政策的相关建议。     

试论我国税收相关制度的转型

税收制度作为一国经济制度的重要组成部分,集中体现了政府和公民之间的关系。我国传统的税收理论强调税收的强制性和无偿性,认为税收是国家利用政治权力而强行参与社会剩余产品的再分配的行为。在传统税收理论的指导下,我国现行的税收相关制度片面强调税收是政府的一项具有强制性的权力,重视公民的纳税义务,而忽视了纳税人的权利保障。同时,传统的税收理念也使得我国的纳税人自身也缺乏权利意识,公民纳税权利意识的缺乏不利于依法征税、依法纳税、依法用税的法治社会的法治社会的进程。税收法定主义和保障纳税人权利是法治进步的体现,我国的税收相关制度应当积极加以改进,以符合法治政府、法治社会的发展潮流。本文以我国现行税收制度存在的缺陷为前提,并对我国税收相关制度的转型做了初步的探讨。     

税收心理学的基本概念

税收遵从是近年来公共财政学研究领域的一个热点问题,其研究方法主要采用了经济分析的框架。事实上,税收遵从问题是一个复杂的行为问题,除了经济因素之外,还有一些诸如社会影响、社会规范、态度、道德伦理、价值观等因素也对税收遵从具有重要的影响。对这些因素进行研究就涉及到心理学和社会学的方法,为此甚至产生了专门的税收心理学,其主要运用社会调查、受控实验等方法研究纳税人和税收政策制定者的偏好、认知、态度等。     

最优线性所得税模型评析

在研究最优税收理论在我国的实用性问题时，不必局限于考虑额外负担问题，而应该把研究的重点转向税收的行政管理和寻租，同时，从税收的社会公平角度，还应当把支出问题也纳入最优税收理论研究的范畴。     

东盟国家税收政策协调现状及我国的应对策略

区域经济一体化与税收政策一体化是一个双向的作用过程,区域经济一体化发展带动税收政策一体化,税收政策的一体化也成为推动区域经济一体化的非常重要的制约因素。随着东盟十国经济合作和一体化程度的加深,区域内各国和地区之间的税收协调成为一个不可回避的问题,本文就东盟税收政策一体化现状展开论述,总结东盟税收政策一体化过程中差异性,为中国—东盟自由贸易区的税收协调提供借鉴意义,并提出我国在应对东盟税收政策一体化过程中的相关策略。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.