The impact of R&D programme success on the decision to capitalise development expenditures in European firms

The financial reporting treatment of R&D expenditures can have important implications for firms’ strategic investment in R&D. Yet, financial reporting issues have been largely neglected in the R&D management literature. In this study, we first hypothesise that firms’ capitalisation of development expenditures subsequent to the mandatory adoption of IAS 38 (International Accounting Standard 38: Intangible Assets) is positively and significantly impacted by a measure of R&D programme success. Our empirical findings – based on a pan-European sample of firms – reveal strong support for this prediction. Our findings also offer support for our second hypothesis which predicts that capitalisation of development expenditures in conjunction with an evaluation of R&D programme success has a positive and significant impact on growth in shareholder value. Consequently, our work suggests that an important challenge for R&D professionals within firms is to develop improved measures of R&D success and to communicate this information to senior executives.     

XBRL技术对审计的影响及选择模式研究

信息技术的变革给会计环境带来了一定的冲击力,随着XBRL技术的研究应用,实现了网络财务报告在高级阶段的发展,在一定程度上提高了财务报告的效率和质量,然而,基于XBRL技术的实时网络财务报告模式给审计工作带来了一定的挑战,这样的挑战不仅是对审计概念的一种冲击力,也是对审计技术及方法变革的迫切需求。文章在探讨XBRL技术概念特征的基础上,讨论了XBRL技术对审计的影响,并展望了基于XBRL技术的未来审计模武。     

我国汽车租赁业发展中的问题及建议

从1989年第一家汽车租赁公司成立以来,我国的汽车租赁业经过二十余年的发展已具备一定的规模,为我国汽车产业的壮大和经济的增长做出了贡献。但与国外情况相比,我国汽车租赁业发展较缓慢。通过对比国内外行业发展状况,分析我国汽车租赁业目前存在的问题,针对问题借鉴国外的发展经验,可以采用增加宣传、发展信用体制、加强配套法律法规的制定完善、发展长租客户、增加规模化程度、提高管理水平和科技水平、联系相关企业等方式推动行业的进步。     

Quantifying the impact of services liberalization in a developing country

We compare goods versus services liberalization in terms of welfare, outputs, and factor prices in Tunisia using a CGE model with multiple products, services and trading partners. Restraints on services trade involve both cross-border supply (tariff-equivalent price wedges) and on foreign ownership (monopoly-rent distortions and inefficiency costs). Goods-trade liberalization yields a modest gain in aggregate welfare. Reducing service barriers generate relatively large welfare gains and low adjustment costs. Services liberalization increases economic activity in all sectors and raise the real returns to both capital and labor. The results point to the potential importance of deregulating services provision for economic development.     

对我国现行财务报告改进的思考

随着全球经济环境发生巨变,作为单位的会计环境,由于受整个经济环境的影响,也发生了变化。面对新的会计环境,现行财务报告体系如何满足使用者对风险信息和不确定信息披露的要求,是值得我们深入研究的新课题。从对新的会计环境下传统的财务报告存在的局限性进行分析入手,可提出对我国现行财务报告改进的思考,找出解决方法。     

三类担保公司运行效率实证分析——以河南省担保公司为研究样本

以担保利润率、担保代偿率作为衡量担保公司运行效率的两个指标,选择河南省区域内106家担保公司作为研究样本,对三类担保公司运行效率进行了方差齐性检验,发现三类担保公司运行效率存在显著差异性。以人均GDP、地方财政收入、发明专利数、小型企业占比、银行存贷差、产业集聚区数作为考察区域性特征的6个影响因子,对三类担保公司运行效率与区域性特征的相关性进行了分析,发现三类担保公司对区域性特征的要求不同:政策性担保公司适应于经济发达且符合国家产业政策的地区;商业性担保公司适应于放贷资金量大、经济水平中等以上、发展速度较快且小微型企业不是太多的地区;互助性担保公司适应于区域产业集聚程度较高,经济、财政实力较弱,中小企业综合实力较强的地区。     

Path modelling to bankruptcy: causes and symptoms of the banking crisis

This article studies the bankruptcy of US banks since 2009. It first analyses the financial symptoms that precede bankruptcy, such as low profitability, insufficient revenue or low solvency ratios. It also goes into the causes of these symptoms. It poses several hypotheses on causes of failure, such as loan growth (some of them risky), specialization (in this case concentration in real estate) and the pursuit of a turnover-driven strategy neglecting margin. It presents and tests a structural equation modelling based on partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) and logistic regression. Results show that, 5 years before the crisis, failed banks had, compared to solvent banks, the following: higher loan growth, higher concentration on real estate loans, higher risk ratios, higher turnover, but lower margins. A relationship is found between symptoms and causes. Failed banks present a significant relationship between the percentage of real estate loans and risk. This relationship is negative in excellent banks, confirming that they allocated less real estate loans with a high quality. Nonfailed banks compensated increases in risk by strengthening their core capital.     

无形资产和竞争国际化程度对互联网企业经营绩效的影响

近年来,随着信息技术的高速发展,中国互联网企业实现了快速发展,成为中国科技型、创新型企业的代表。与传统企业相比,无形资产是互联网企业竞争力最重要的来源,互联网企业面临来自全球的竞争。对中国互联网上市企业的研究表明,中国互联网企业,网站浏览量、研发强度与企业的经营绩效存在显着的正相关关系,而研发投入、媒体曝光度以及竞争国际化程度与企业的经营绩效存在显著的负相关关系。     

论国际财务报告准则变迁：均衡实现及其成本约束

会计准则国际趋同是在承认世界无政府状态不可能彻底改变的前提下，倡议在会计领域建立起约束性的制度性安排或规范，以实现国际会计经济关系的有序发展。国际财务报告准则可以视为适一类规定国际会计行为的职责、限制行动、以及行为者持久预期的，并具有权威性、制约性和关联性的一组正式或非正式的规则网络，其伴随着国际会计的秩序化、组织化、制度化而发展起来，常常被视为国际会计经济关系中的进程性因素。国际会计的发展历程表明，国际财务报告准则的每一次发展都是一次制度变迁，从不均衡到均衡再到不均衡，国际会计准则的变迁就是这样周而复始地运动着，通过效率分析和成本约束分析每一次变迁，促使国际财务报告准则向着最终的“帕累托最优”状态逼近。     

区域中心城市创新生态圈要素架构、生态特征与运行机制

区域中心城市创新生态圈以生物学为隐喻,注重发挥创新主体的能动作用,能够放大区域中心城市发展优势。在回顾创新生态圈理论渊源的基础上,界定区域中心城市创新生态圈内涵,明确创新生态圈要素构成;以企业聚集发展为逻辑起点,探讨区域中心城市创新生态圈生态特征;基于生态学、创新理论等跨学科知识,构建区域中心城市创新生态圈演进模型,探究其运行机制。研究认为,区域中心城市创新生态圈具有开放式协同、动态自调节、多样性共生、自组织演化等生态特征,其运行机制由协同共生机制、风险识别与防控机制、利益分配机制和环境匹配机制共同组成。     

The conditions for the development of a biotechnology industry in Portugal: the impact of country specific factors

The innovation style of a country is dependent upon its distinctive capabilities and its government' policies. Three basic factors are involved: its scientific capabilities, its infrasturcture for transferring research from the public domain into industry, and its manufacturing base and industrial know-how. Most research looks at these three factors in relation to advanced economies, Asian Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs) and 'third world' countries. This paper addresses these issues from the perspective of a European late-industrializing country (Portugal). It uses the twin ideas of National Innovation Systems and 'technological systems' to analyze the development of biotechnology in Portugal. In so doing it illustrates the impact of country specific factors on this development, and the problems assoicated with 'imitation'. The focus of the research is on Dedicated Biotechnology Firms (DBFs), as they are seen as intermediaries between the public science base and the productive sector. It examines the evolution of the biotechnology industry in Portugal, provides an overview of govermment policies, and finally discusses the implications for the creation and development of DBFs in Portugal. The research shows that there was a government effort to create a science base in this field, but there was no parallel strategy to develop a biotechnology industry. There was (and still is) little incentive to use the results of biotechnological research, and little match between technological and market opportunities. In conclusion, the paper argues that policies should be developed to bridge the gap between public research and industry. This will require mechanisms that, going beyond the notion of 'technology transfer', promote an effective transformation of advanced knowledge intergrated into products and services,a nd facilitate the dialogue and exchange between groups with diverse capabilities, objectives and languages.     

The impact of housing market disturbances on the US financial system: a pre-crisis analysis

A common critique of the Federal Reserve over the past crisis is that it should have better anticipated the impact of the run-up in home mortgage debt and the subsequent housing market crash on the financial system. As a result, the Federal Reserve should have moved much more quickly to shore up financial markets. Our article tests the hypothesis that the impact of the housing market crash on the financial system could have been anticipated. Using a VAR model along with impulse response functions and variance decompositions, we examine the link between housing market mortgage debt shocks and the financial intermediaries’ credit market behaviour. We find important connections between key macroeconomic variables and the credit behaviour of these financial institutions. However, using the pre-crisis data, we find that housing market debt shocks fail to have an impact on the credit markets accessed by these firms. These results support the notion that the impact of this crisis on the financial system could not have been anticipated given the information available at the time.     

Collectively accepted social norms and performativity: the pursuit of normativity of globalization in economic institutions

ABSTRACT

Although the philosophical literature on social institutions has been insightful for social scientific studies, the application of its core concepts, such as collective intentionality, to real institutional dynamics remains challenging. One factor contributing to this situation is insufficient work that identifies collectively accepted social norms and shows how they constitute social institutions. Relying on the perspectives of John Searle and Raimo Tuomela, this study integrates recent analyses of the concept of performativity with discourse analysis. It presents an analytic framework, drawing on the concept of nominalization, to identify collectively accepted social norms that performatively constitute social institutions. Finally, it illustrates the identification of collectively accepted ‘globalization’ that performatively constitutes and shapes economic institutions engaged in corporate financial reporting. This study contributes to closing the gap between philosophical analyses of social institutions and social scientific studies by highlighting the performance of nominalized collectively accepted social norms.     

浅析人民币升值对我国贸易发展的影响

2005年7月汇率改革以来到2009年年末,人民币对美元的名义汇率累计升值21.21%,并且在短期内,人民币升值压力仍然存在。人民币升值对我国经济发展产生了各方面的影响。通过从贸易发展的角度分析人民币升值的利弊,企望能够对改善贸易结构,促进经济长期稳定发展有所裨益。     

安徽中小企业板上市公司IPO对财务绩效影响的实证研究

我国于2004年推出中小企业板,为广大中小企业提供了有效的融资平台,以促进其改善资本结构,提高综合竞争能力。截止2011年12月底,安徽省的中小企业中共有24家在深市中小企业板成功上市。但是,安徽省在中小企业板的IPO公司上市融资后财务绩效表现如何,也同样值得关注。因此,文章选择安徽在中小企业板上市的四家公司为研究对象,对其上市前后的财务绩效情况进行比较分析,为中小企业正确选择融资渠道提供借鉴。     

The time-varying characteristics of the Chinese financial cycle and impact from the United States

ABSTRACT

Although there have been many empirical studies about the financial cycle since the financial crisis of 2008, few have analysed the structural changes in the Chinese financial cycle over time. The Chinese financial development process is short, and it is difficult to obtain accurate results on the measurement of the financial cycle. Based on wavelet analysis, this paper analyzes the time-varying characteristics of the Chinese financial cycle and the relationship between the financial and business cycles. In addition, we measure the impact from the United States. This paper draws three conclusions. Firstly, in terms of the characteristics of cycles, the existence of Chinese business cycle and financial cycle is proved, while the credit cycle, leverage cycle, stock market cycle and property cycle are quite different. Specifically, China has a 5.8-year credit cycle, an 8-year stock market cycle, 3.4-year and 12-year business cycles and a 15-year leverage cycle. Secondly, the financial cycles can serve as leading indicators of the business cycle, though the relationships between them are change overtime. Finally, the United States has a significant impact on the Chinese financial cycle with a ‘decoupling-recoupling’ effect, which is mainly reflected in the leverage cycle and the stock market cycle.     

Dynamic R&D choice and the impact of the firm's financial strength

ABSTRACT

This article investigates how a firm's financial strength affects its dynamic decision to invest in R&D. We estimate a dynamic model of R&D choice using data for German firms in high-tech manufacturing industries. The model incorporates a measure of the firm's financial strength, derived from its credit rating, which is shown to lead to substantial differences in estimates of the costs and expected long-run benefits from R&D investment. Financially strong firms have a higher probability of generating innovations from their R&D investment, and the innovations have a larger impact on productivity and profits. Averaging across all firms, the long-run benefit of investing in R&D equals 6.6% of firm value. It ranges from 11.6% for firms in a strong financial position to 2.3% for firms in a weaker financial position.     

Governing Poverty in a Neoliberal Age: New Labour and the Case of Financial Exclusion

In the UK, from the 1990s, the concept of financial exclusion emerged as a focus of policymaking concern. In part, this reflects the growing scale and complexity of personal finance markets and how these are increasingly interwoven into the everyday lives of individuals. However, it is also argued that the development of the concept of financial exclusion reflects preeminent neoliberal discourses that emphasise the centrality of individual responsibility, autonomy and consumer participation within markets. In 2004 the then Labour government, in conjunction with academic experts, financial institutions and other organisations, established a project of financial inclusion in relation to three key domains: banking, affordable credit and financial capability. The consequence, it is suggested here, has not been so much to alleviate inequality as to nurture the poor to be precautionary, risk averse financial subjects. This stands in contrast with the virtues of enterprise and risk-taking called up in middle-class investor subjects.     

Capturing the pharmaceutical value of biodiversity in a developing country

The conservation of biodiversity is increasingly being defined as a process made up of three components—saving, studying and sustainably using biodiversity. If the conservation of process is expanded to incorporate the need for both the protection of biodiversity—either in situ or ex situ—and the generation of valuable information about biodiversity, an important issue is the correct balance of investment in these two types of activities. This paper explores this issue by focusing on efforts in a developing country to capture the pharmaceutical potential of biodiversity and species information. A model of biodiversity investment choice is developed, and an analysis of royalty returns to effort in biodiversity protection, taxonomic information and the collection of biotic samples is conducted based on data from Costa Rica. The results suggest that although a country can be adequately compensated for its investment in the generation of taxonomic information, it is unlikely that pharmaceutical prospecting alone will cover the high opportunity costs of biodiversity protection.