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1.
This article investigates the impact of downside risk on cost and revenue efficiency (RE) for a sample of farms. Downside risk or loss below a certain level of return is a concern regardless of producer risk preferences and thus a suitable measure of risk to use. Downside risk was measured as the weighted summation of net farm income below the amount needed for unpaid labour during the previous 10 years. Cost and RE were estimated using traditional input and output measures, and then re-estimated including each farm’s downside risk. Comparisons were made between the efficient farms with and without downside risk and the average for all farms. As expected, downside risk plays an important role in explaining farm inefficiency. Failure to account for downside risk overstates inefficiency and can lead to unrealistic expectations in potential efficiency improvements. 相似文献
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中国高新技术产业开发区的综合评论 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
从1991至2001年,中国共建立了53个国家级高新技术产业开发区,在过去的十几年里,高新区的建设在数量和质量方面都取得了显著成就。进区高新企业数目、总收入、总产出、职工人数、出口额、上缴利税额、科研人员数和科研投入都有巨大增长;同时,生产率、国内和国际竞争力以及知识技术密集度也大幅提高。由此,综合评价高新技术产业开发区显得尤为重要。数据包络分析方法被用来对中国全部53个国家级高新技术产业开发区发展现状进行综合评价,针对生产非有效的高新区,通过投影分析提供了改进方向。 相似文献
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国债拍卖主要有美国式拍卖、荷兰式拍卖与混合式拍卖三种,但究竟哪一种拍卖方式的拍卖收入最大?学术界迄今尚无定论。文章对W-Z模型进行扩展,并在此基础上通过结合不同市场利率环境下投标者的不同风险偏好进行比较研究。结果表明:(1)当市场利率趋升时,若非竞争性投标量较大,则混合式拍卖收入最大;若非竞争性投标量较小,但竞争性投标者较少,且市场利率上升趋势极强,则同样是混合式拍卖收入最大,反之则荷兰式拍卖收入最大。(2)当市场利率趋降时,美国式拍卖收入最大。(3)当市场利率平稳时,何种拍卖方式收入最大无法确定。 相似文献
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资产管理中客户偏好的研究——兼论考虑偏好条件下基金的评估 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文探讨了资产管理中确定客户偏好和根据客户偏好选择最适合客户的资产配置方案的方法 ;并给出一个资产管理中关于波动风险偏好的随机动态模型 ,推广了R .C .Merton( 1 970 )的模型。原模型是关于消费和投资组合的动态经济模型。笔者修改了效用函数和约束方程 ,去掉消费变量并加入波动风险偏好因素 ,得到风险资产的比例和客户波动风险偏好的关系 ,以及和时间偏好之间的关系。最后论述了在考虑投资者偏好条件下 ,证券投资基金的评估方法 ,以及实际案例。 相似文献
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针对中国烟草加工企业因规模扩张而出现的管理效率低下等问题,使用2000--2006年企业层面的截面数据,运用参数方法和非参数方法测算了中国烟草加工企业的技术效率,并对两种方法的测算结果进行了比较分析。结果表明:两种测算结果存在较高的相关性,测算结果比较可靠;2000--2006年中国烟草加工企业的平均技术效率为0.74~0.79,具有稳步上升趋势;行业整体规模效率较高,但规模报酬递减的企业所占的比重有所增大。 相似文献
6.
Sumit Majumdar 《Economics of Innovation and New Technology》2013,22(3):283-293
This article examined the relationship between the adoption of technology, via the deployment of broadband, on revenue growth, which is an important measure of financial performance, of the deploying firms using panel data for all of the major local exchange carriers in the US telecommunications industry from 1988 to 2001. The sector is an important network market context where the implications of deployment have substantial salience. The results show a positive relationship between broadband deployment and carriers’ revenue growth. This result implies that encouraging the adoption and deployment of broadband technologies in addition to the benefits of the consumers and firms at the receiving end of the new technology create the potential for better financial performance for the deploying firms. These results also imply that steps that can be taken to provide incentives that will hasten the further deployment of broadband will result in gains in financial performance within the sector. 相似文献
7.
王波 《生态经济(学术版)》2007,(1)
城市循环经济运行效率是城市可持续发展、建设和谐社会的综合度量,是当今社会研究的热点问题。本文运用数据包络分析模型对城市循环经济运行效率进行了分析,并根据计算结果提出相应的城市化推进策略,为相关政府部门的战略决策提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
Yolanda Ubago Martínez Pedro Pascual Arzoz Belén Iráizoz Apezteguía 《Applied economics》2018,50(7):726-742
This article provides evidence on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and technical efficiency. We begin the first stage of this study with a data envelopment analysis to obtain technical efficiency estimates for a sample of 23 OECD countries over the period 1992–2009. In a second stage, we explore the effects of fiscal decentralization and other control variables on technical efficiency. The results including all the control variables reveal a statistically significant negative relationship between fiscal decentralization of public expenditure and technical efficiency. 相似文献
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中国主要城市旅游效率影响因素的演化 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对不同时期影响中国城市旅游效率的因素进行分析有助于资源投入方式的优化和利用能力的提高.利用数据包络分析方法(Data Envelopment Analysis,以下简称DEA),在对1995、2000、2005年58个中国主要城市旅游效率进行计算和分解的基础上,对三个时期各分解效率对总效率的影响进行了判定和度量.研究结果显示:规模效率对总效率的影响最大、技术效率和利用效率对总效率的影响相对较弱,且这种影响关系并没有随着时间的变化而发牛较大变化.从我国城市旅游发展所处的阶段特征出发,认为区域经济不平衡性,城市旅游资源投入规模的差异是导致以上特征的根本原因.文章最后讨论了不同区域提高城市旅游发展效率的途径. 相似文献
10.
Summary measures of Value Added Tax (VAT) compliance rates are valuable for identifying problem areas in VAT implementation. They are also essential for meaningful crosscountry and crosstime comparisons of VAT compliance. We present a comprehensive and general framework for calculating VAT compliance rates at both the economy wide and detailed sectoral levels. Unlike existing measures of VAT compliance, our framework isolates a compliance measure from the effects on VAT receipts of detailed features of VAT systems as actually implemented by tax authorities. These features include multiple VAT rates, exemptions, registration rates, refund limitations, informal activity, taxation of domestic nonresidents and undeclared imports. We implement our comprehensive VAT compliance measure for Vietnam, a country with a complex VAT system. Our estimate of Vietnam's VAT compliance rate is about 13 percentage points higher than that calculated by the most popular measure of compliance, Collection Efficiency (CE). Our method facilitates decomposition of the difference between CE and our VAT compliance measure into individual contributions by the statutory and structural features of Vietnam's VAT regime. 相似文献
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本文利用完全信息混合战略动态博弈方法对中国城镇住房市场销售者与购买者交易过程进行博弈分析。根据精炼纳什均衡解,在销售者预期市场条件不变的情况下,住房最优定价由销售者交易时间贴现因子决定,且与贴现因子呈反向变化关系;在预期市场条件变化情况下,最优定价由贴现因子与市场条件变动系数共同决定。 相似文献
12.
基于DEA模型的中国主要轿车企业生产效率分析 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
文章利用数据包络分析法(DEA)对中国12家主要的轿车生产企业2001~2004年的生产经营效率进行总体分析与评价,并利用Malquist生产力指数对这些企业的效率变动进行了分析。研究结果表明,中国主要轿车企业的生产经营效率总体上呈现逐年提高之势;同时企业的股权结构、含有外资的企业的股本来源、企业的区域分布以及所属不同企业集团等因素都会使企业在技术效率、纯技术效率与规模效率方面存在差异;动态效率分析的结果表明中国轿车业总体上还处在依靠规模扩张的量的增长阶段,行业技术进步对效率提升的作用微弱。这表明,要从根本上提高中国轿车业的生产经营效率,必须推进行业技术进步,提高技术进步对全要素生产力改善的贡献率。 相似文献
13.
关于我国商业银行效率影响因素的分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
运用多元回归分析的方法,对2006年我国商业银行效率的影响因素进行了分析。在回归分析中,首先,选取了代表商业银行产权结构、商业银行的规模、资本结构以及资产质量的指标作为解释变量,以我国商业银行效率建立模型。其次,以2006年我国12家商业银行为样本进行回归分析,在回归分析中为了避免多重共线性,采用了逐步回归的方法。最后,得出产权结构是影响我国商业银行效率的最重要因素,并提出了改善我国商业银行效率的政策建议。 相似文献
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浅谈企业员工培训投资风险的规避 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
企业员工培训作为一种人力资本投资,既可为企业带来利润,同时也隐含着风险。因为人不仅具有自然属性,而且具有社会属性,而人的社会性等特性更加大了企业员工培训投资的不确定性,从而提高了培训投资的风险。为了最大限度地规避风险,企业必须建立有效的培训系统,采用不同的激励手段,培养优秀的企业文化,构建良好的学习型组织。 相似文献
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The understanding of risk preference interactions among poor farmers in developing countries has important policy implications, as many programs that aim to alleviate poverty and address risk constraints are provided on a collective basis. We conduct a randomized field experiment in the drought-prone parts of Northern Ethiopia and elicit from poor, vulnerable farmers their hypothetical willingness to pay using individual and group lottery games. Analyzing the certainty equivalent ratios (CERs), we find that farmer groups are more risk averse than individual farmers. When the risk of the lottery is high, the group CER is primarily determined by the most-risk-averse farmer of the group, and to a lesser extent, by the least. The median farmer contributes to the group CER only when the lottery risk is moderate. After participating in the group elicitation, individual farmers also become as risk averse as the group on average. Specifically, the median and the least-risk-averse farmers become significantly more risk averse while the most-risk-averse farmer is unaffected. Our results show that policymakers should carefully consider how social interactions in rural communities affect individual and group risk preference and whether social interactions also affect the participation and effectiveness of development programs. 相似文献
18.
农业产业化龙头企业的生产效率分析——基于DEA模型 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
利用DEA模型,对我国已上市的42家农业产业化龙头企业2007年的生产效率进行了总体分析与评价,并对其投入冗余程度进行差值分析。研究结果显示:农业产业化龙头企业虽然在生产效率方面呈现出良好的发展态势,但总体上仍处于依靠规模扩张的量的增长阶段,技术因素对效率的提升作用不显著。这表明,要从根本上提高我国农业产业化龙头企业的生产效率,必须依靠技术,提高技术因素对企业生产效率改善的贡献率。 相似文献
19.
Rhys D. Pockett Emir Cevro George Chamberlain David Scott-Coombes Kesh Baboolal 《Journal of medical economics》2014,17(3):198-206
Introduction:Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a major complication of end stage renal disease (ESRD). For the National Health Service (NHS) to make appropriate choices between medical and surgical management, it needs to understand the cost implications of each. A recent pilot study suggested that the current NHS healthcare resource group tariff for parathyroidectomy (PTX) (£2071 and £1859 in patients with and without complications, respectively) is not representative of the true costs of surgery in patients with SHPT.Objective:This study aims to provide an estimate of healthcare resources used to manage patients and estimate the cost of PTX in a UK tertiary care centre.Methods:Resource use was identified by combining data from the Proton renal database and routine hospital data for adults undergoing PTX for SHPT at the University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, from 2000–2008. Data were supplemented by a questionnaire, completed by clinicians in six centres across the UK. Costs were obtained from NHS reference costs, British National Formulary and published literature. Costs were applied for the pre-surgical, surgical, peri-surgical, and post-surgical periods so as to calculate the total cost associated with PTX.Results:One hundred and twenty-four patients (mean age?=?51.0 years) were identified in the database and 79 from the questionnaires. The main costs identified in the database were the surgical stay (mean?=?£4066, SD?=?£,130), the first month post-discharge (£465, SD?=?£176), and 3 months prior to surgery (£399, SD?=?£188); the average total cost was £4932 (SD?=?£4129). From the questionnaires the total cost was £5459 (SD?=?£943). It is possible that the study was limited due to missing data within the database, as well as the possibility of recall bias associated with the clinicians completing the questionnaires.Conclusion:This analysis suggests that the costs associated with PTX in SHPT exceed the current NHS tariffs for PTX. The cost implications associated with PTX need to be considered in the context of clinical assessment and decision-making, but healthcare policy and planning may warrant review in the light of these results. 相似文献
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This paper focuses on the design of a consumption tax in a world of capital risk. The certainty literature discusses two standard options, namely the cash flow method and the pre-payment method (i.e., the wage tax), and finds the two approaches to be equivalent. Models that consider capital risk (via asset choice) reach different conclusions. This discrepancy arises in part due to a different choice of the social discount rate. In light of the failure of the discount-rate argument to resolve the issue at hand, we explore the market certainty equivalence of risky government revenue. We let revenue risks stay in the private sector, and examine the market value of the feasible transfer (e.g., in the form of a public good) back to households. We reach three broad conclusions. First, we find that if the state returns to each household its own tax-revenue risks, equivalence will be re-established as in certainty models. Next, we show that if the state engages in intergenerational risk sharing (e.g., through a system of stochastic tax transfers), the wage tax cannot be construed to be a valid pre-payment alternative to the cash flow or a modified wage-tax-ation system. Efficient risk allocation across generations under a cash flow tax (or, one that includes future capital gains as well as wages in the tax base) leads to a Pareto improvement over the simple wage tax. Finally, a major policy implication follows; in order to be practicable, a consumption tax would have to be implemented via registered savings accounts much in the fashion of the Canadian registered retirement savings plans program rather than through the pre-payment route. 相似文献