当前世界电子商务发展态势分析

当前,随着信息技术的发展和互联网的应用普及,全球电子商务快速发展,显著地改变了企业的经营方式,提高了企业的经济效益。同时,电子商务也在不断创新,新的模式不断涌现。为了推动电子商务更好地发展,众多国际组织和国家不断完善制度环境,并率先垂范,在政府工作中引入电子商务。然而,当前世界电子商务的发展极不平衡,并存在信息安全、隐私保护、物流支撑等方面的障碍。     

An introduction to rural and agricultural development in the digital age

This special issue contributes to the development economics literature by highlighting the role of information communication and technologies (ICTs) in supporting rural and agricultural development. It is comprised of nine papers. Key findings from this special issue include: (1) internet use increases rural consumption diversity and agricultural productivity; (2) smartphone use empowers rural women in household decision-making and off-farm work participation; (3) smartphone-based agricultural extension services boost rural income growth; (4) a lack of ICT infrastructure and inadequate skills to use digital technologies are two key factors that lead to digital poverty traps for smallholder rural farmers; (5) ICT adoption increases the probability of rural households' access to credit and empowers rural women and farm households in relatively less developed regions to access credit; (6) digital financial inclusion reduces farmers' vulnerability to poverty; and (7) e-commerce adoption increases both sales prices and marketing costs, but the magnitude of increasing the former is higher than the magnitude of increasing the latter, which finally contributes to a higher gross return. This special issue also proposes practical instruments and implications for advancing the application of ICTs in rural areas to accelerate rural and agricultural development in the digital age.     

浅析中国互联网保险的现状及其面临的挑战

互联网的兴起和迅速发展极大地促进了电子商务活动,作为电子商务活动之一的互联网保险,也应运而生。作为一种全新的经营手段和商业模式,互联网保险不仅可以降低销售成本,而且能够改变竞争方式和提高保险销售效率。然而,互联网保险在电子商务时代也面临着巨大的挑战,有多种因素制约着我国互联网的进一步发展。我国保险业亟须把握互联网保险的发展趋势,把培养更多高级的保险电子商务人才作为一项基本战略,突破各种限制,积极完善保险电子商务环境,促进中国互联网保险的健康、快速发展。     

Internet Economics and Policy: An Australian Perspective

Publicly available information indicates that the demand and supply of Internet and Internet–related services are continuing to expand at a rapid pace. Since 1997 the number of Internet service providers (facilities–based and resellers) has increased by nearly 40 per cent; the number of points–of–presence per Internet service provider has increased by five times; the number of hosts connected to the Internet has more than quadrupled; and Internet traffic has increased from six to 10 times. The emergence of electronic commerce (e–commerce), driven by this rapid adoption of Internet services and continual technological innovation, is likely to have profound economic and social impacts on Australian society. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the impact of the Internet and e–commerce, ranging from the changes in the market structure of the telecommunications industry, its role in changing the organisation of traditional markets, the emergence of new markets, and the structural shifts to employment, productivity and trade. The paper also analyses contemporary Australian regulatory responses.     

电子商务中信用风险生成机理及防范策略研究

近年来,随着电子商务中欺诈事件的增多,诚信缺失问题日趋严重,由此引发的信用风险已成为严重阻碍电子商务良性发展的重要因素之一。针对这一问题,文中运用博弈论工具,系统地分析了电子商务中交易双方在完全信息以及不完全信息这两种情况下,信用风险的生成机理,识别出影响信用风险发生的关键因素。通过分析得出,对欺诈行为的惩罚力度、贴现因子以及声誉等因素会影响信用风险的发生概率,并且与其存在反向相关关系。这意味着在电子商务中,对欺诈行为的惩罚力度越大,贴现因子越大以及企业为提高其声誉所做的努力越大,则在交易中发生信用风险的概率越低。最后,在以上分析的基础上,文中针对性地提出信用风险的防范策略,包括：①发挥电子商务中介监督职能;②加大对欺诈行为的惩罚力度;③进一步完善相关法律法规;④构建信任的文化环境,增强交易双方的信任关系。     

Impact of Digital Economy on Female Employment: Evidence from Turkey

This paper investigates impact of e-economic activities on female employment rates in Turkey over 1994–2016. The analysis unveils three major findings. First, 80.74% of variations in female employment are accounted by e-commerce and control variables. Second, Autoregressive Distributed Lag analysis documents that these series (female employment, e-commerce and control variables) are cointegrated, thus, a unit increase in per credit card e-commerce transactions leads the female employment rate to grow by 0.13?units in long-run at 1% significance level, whereas a percentage increase in internet penetration rate in Turkey augments the rates by 0.33%. Third, error-correction model analysis refers that the system quickly corrects its previous period disequilibrium converging at a speed of 75.43%, and also documents that the lags of per credit card e-commerce jointly have short-run impact on female employment rates. Thus, the study concludes that developing e-commerce incentivizing policies might help to empower women in Turkey significantly.     

国家电子商务示范城市建设对企业绿色技术创新的影响及机制研究

在中国经济进入绿色高质量发展的新阶段,促进企业绿色技术创新是关键。众多考察绿色技术创新的制度安排中,鲜见从宏观电子商务发展视角考察其对微观企业绿色技术创新的影响。选择2009—2019年沪深A股上市公司数据,利用渐进性双重差分法实证检验国家电子商务示范城市建设对企业绿色技术创新的作用机制。结果发现,电商示范城市建设这一信息化冲击能够显著降低试点地区企业内部管理性交易成本和外部市场性交易成本,促进企业绿色技术创新。异质性检验发现,电子商务普及与应用对信息化水平较高的地区和非资源型城市,以及民营企业绿色技术创新的作用更显著。进一步分析发现,电子商务对服务业交易成本的节约效应大于制造业,对外部交易成本的节约效应大于内部管控成本。     

E-commerce,R&D,and productivity: Firm-level evidence from Taiwan

This study investigates the impact of e-commerce and R&D on productivity, using a unique panel dataset obtained from Taiwanese manufacturing firms for the period from 1999 to 2002. We specifically consider the network externalities of e-commerce and employ the system generalized method of moment (GMM) technique to deal with the endogenous problem of e-commerce adoption. The empirical results show that both e-commerce and R&D capital have a positive influence on productivity, while R&D exhibits a larger productivity-enhancing effect. We also find a complementary relationship between e-commerce and R&D on enhancing productivity. Crucially, the inter-industry network externality of e-commerce significantly contributes to productivity.     

Consumer decision making,E-commerce and perceived risks

This article studies how adoption and usage behaviour of the Internet and online shopping, respectively influence the preference to use electronic commerce to purchase different types of products. We empirically model the preference for electronic commerce when consumers have to buy different types of products and thus face different types of risks (Cox and Rich, 1964 Cox, D and Rich, S. 1964. Perceived risk and consumer decision making-the case of telephone survey. Journal of Marketing Research, 1: 32–9. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Unlike previous research, we find that consumers who have previously shopped online, display stronger preferences to buy products on the Internet irrespective of the perceived level of product-specific risks of online shopping. This article provides an interesting and novel insight into how both adoption and usage of electronic commerce impact on the attitude and risk perception of buying less predictable (more risky) products on the Internet.     

B2C电子商务服务质量评价研究

经过十余年的发展,中国的网络购物已经开始步入相对成熟的阶段,当前以B2C模式的电子商务发展尤为迅速,市场份额逐年提高,必将成为未来电子商务发展的核心及理论研究的重点。相关研究表明,以SERVQUAL模型为代表的传统服务质量评价模型对于电子商务服务质量的评价缺乏足够的信度,因此对于B2C电子商务服务质量的评价研究也就有待进一步深化。本文对当前涉及B2C电子商务服务质量的相关研究进行了重点介绍,总结了这些研究的特点以及存在的问题,指出了今后B2C电子商务服务质量的研究需要发展的方向,以期为B2C电子商务企业提高服务质量提供借鉴和帮助。     

Research on the mutual relations between ISP and ASP efficiency changes for the sustainable growth of the Internet industry

Innovations in Internet networks and applications are equally important. However, there is controversy in the literature regarding whether it is network or application innovation that leads to the development and innovation of Internet industries. In this study, the mutual relations of Internet service providers’ (ISP) and application service providers’ efficiency changes are analysed empirically using a Granger causality test. Over the entire period of 1998–2011, efficiency changes of web service companies positively Granger-cause those of ISPs and vice versa. In the case of VoIP and streaming services, however, efficiency changes of VoIP and streaming services Granger-cause those of ISPs during the former half period, whereas those of ISPs negatively Granger-cause efficiency changes of streaming services during the latter half. As services that require heavy data traffic and QoS guarantees are launched, a policy that promotes virtuous circulation between ISPs and application service providers (ASPs) is necessary for the development of all Internet-related industries.     

An Integrated Model of the Adoption and Extent of E-Commerce in Firms

This work aims to explain firms’ decisions to adopt Internet-based e-commerce, and the extent to which the adopters subsequently implement e-commerce to commercialize their products and services. We examine various types of factors previously considered by the literature (competitive environment, organizational characteristics, strategic orientation, innovative capacity, managers’ characteristics, IT equipment possessed and the use made of it). The analytical model developed here on the basis of a sample of 2,038 firms suggests that the factors influencing the adoption decision are different from those that eventually influence the results of firms’ commercial operations on the Internet. Likewise, we discuss the contribution of each type of determinant and the implications.      

ICT services and small businesses’ productivity gains: An analysis of the adoption of broadband Internet technology

We analyse the impact of the adoption of broadband Internet technology on the productivity performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). We distinguish access to the broadband infrastructure from the adoption of complementary services, i.e., different types of broadband software applications. The empirical analysis considers a sample of 799 firms observed from 1998 to 2004 that are representative of the population of Italian SMEs. Our econometric estimates indicate that the impact of the adoption by SMEs of basic broadband applications is negligible (or even negative). Conversely, SMEs are found to benefit from adopting selected advanced broadband applications depending on several contingent factors: (i) their industry of operations (services vs. manufacturing); (ii) the relevance of the specific broadband software applications for SMEs’ industry of operation; and (iii) the undertaking of complementary strategic and organisational changes.     

Roadmapping for prioritisation of smartphone feature requirements based on user experiences

Since the life cycle of smartphones is becoming shorter, users are demanding new and improved smartphone features for updated smartphones, but it is difficult to know which features are the most important to users. In Internet user communities, users increasingly review smartphone functions and share information about their experiences such as complaints, problems, and satisfaction, and these user experiences have been fruitful sources for manufacturers that lead to smartphone improvements. Focusing on these user experiences, this paper proposes a systematic roadmapping process including prioritisation of smartphone feature requirements. By prioritising smartphone feature requirements, new and improved versions of smartphones that reflect user needs can be planned based on a product–market roadmap. The systematic approach consists of three parts: user-driven quality function deployment (QFD), a frequent pattern (FP)-tree algorithm, and a product–market roadmap. First, we collected data extracted from text mining in Internet user communities to construct a user-driven QFD. Second, using user experiences related to smartphone features, we applied the FP-tree algorithm to algorithmically derive a priority list of smartphone feature requirements. Finally, based on the result of the FP-tree of smartphones, we proposed guidelines to construct a product–market roadmap. It is expected that a versioning strategy can be formulated through this prioritised product–market roadmap. Furthermore, covering each step from data collection to roadmapping, this study suggests a systematic process for prioritisation of smartphone feature requirements based on user experiences.     

How users’ Internet experience affects the adoption of mobile payment: a mediation model

Mobile payment becomes a convenient way to complete transactions due to the increasing popularity of mobile devices and the maturity of related technologies. Users’ experience of using computers and the Internet in financial activities largely affects their intention to use mobile payment. Combining the Technology Acceptance Model and Innovation Diffusion Theory, we examined the mediating effect of five factors, that is, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, compatibility, risk, and privacy concern, in the relationship between Internet experience and the adoption of mobile payment. Data from 922 mobile users supported the partial mediating effects of the five factors.     

我国商业银行电子商务水平及其特征

基于国内外相关研究文献,将商业银行的网上服务功能划分为7大类,进而将每类功能划分为不同层级,对我国138家商业银行的电子商务水平进行了调查分析。根据聚类分析的结果,可将我国商业银行的电子商务水平划分为3个水平层级。研究结果显示:我国商业银行的电子商务水平存在较大差异,但整体上全国及东部地区商业银行的电子商务水平相对较高;商业银行的电子商务水平与银行规模、网站建立时间、网上银行建立时间、经营区域范围等因素密切相关。最后,针对3个电子商务水平层级的商业银行发展电子商务及提供网银产品提出了对策建议。     

Economic Implications of Agent Technology and E-Commerce

In the light of the exponential growth of the Internet and World Wide Web this paper describes in some detail existing agents and multi-agents applications in the context of e-commerce, and suggests a research agenda for economists in response to these changes in technology and lifestyle. First, several ways where economic theory (and in particular implementation theory) can be used to design and improve the efficiency of e-commerce systems are described. Second, the paper discusses the impact on markets of using software agents. Finally, the paper discusses how economic theory can be used towards the design of the interactions between agents and their users.     

The diffusion of Internet telephony among consumers and firms: Current issues and future prospects

This paper analyses the current demand and market potential for Internet telephony—the transmission of voice over the public Internet or over a private Intranet—a technology that has attracted considerable attention as an appealing alternative to traditional telephony but that is likely to develop as a component within an integrated system of video, data and voice applications. The paper investigates technical, economic and social factors supporting and hindering the adoption of Internet telephony. In doing so, it relies upon the idea that the diffusion of Internet telephony is determined both by the attributes of the technological applications as perceived by the potential adopters, and by the characteristics of different users. According to this view, the research points out that relevant uncertainties reside on the demand side, particularly among residential users, and that in the future, businesses are more likely to adopt these applications than consumers. The assumptions concerning the future diffusion of Internet telephony are supported by the results of a survey carried out among a sample of Internet telephony service providers in Europe and North America.     

基于AHP法的金华市电子商务行业网站评价

电子商务行业网站是电子商务的重要组成部分。金华市是全国电子商务最发达城市之一,对金华市八家著名行业网站进行评价。通过层次分析法,对商务网站的各个内容进行分析,并建立完整的评价系统,用该方法对金华市行业电子商务网站进行评价,其结果可以为本市电子商务网站的发展提供借鉴。     

Internet start-ups access to the bank loan market: evidence from Italy

The analysis of the bank sector's ability to efficiently fuel the birth of new Italian business ventures in Internet-related services is studied. In particular, through the specification and the estimate of a series of econometric models, this paper aims at investigating which characteristics of a large sample of Internet start-ups and their relative founders facilitate access to the loan market. More precisely, the role played by founders’ human capital as a possible significant signal used by banks to evaluate investment projects is addressed. Estimation results suggest that highly qualified human resources possessed by Internet founders do not represent an important driver for gaining access to bank credit and they do not affect the amount of the incurred debt.