把股权融资当作战略来思考

记者:在您这么多年的经历中,从事财务工作给您最深的印象是什么? 安峰:十几年的工作和学习的经历的确有很多事情值得回忆,我感触最深的就是做事先做人.刚开始,经常听别人讲这个,总感觉很虚,离自己的工作和生活很远,渐渐地,接触的人和事多了,就慢慢觉得这是个自然而然的事了,也开始对自己的朋友和下属讲这个.     

股权融资须谨慎

对于更多的中小企业创始人来说,国美股权纷争对他们心理冲击很大,每一个企业创始人都不会容忍经理人对自己的背叛,更不会将自己一手缔造的企业拱手相让。当人们热衷于＂黄陈之争＂的是非成败时,我们应该总结一下中小企业从中得到了哪些启示     

A theory of private equity turnarounds

This paper explores the advantage of private equity in fixing turnaround situations. Meaningful corporate value creation may require addressing operational problems, replacing management, or changing the incentive structure. Change may be implemented under either without change of ownership or through a buyout. The paper derives scenarios under which transferring ownership to private equity prior to implementing a turnaround can emerge as an optimal solution, even when current ownership can conceivably implement the same operational changes as private equity. Also considered is the possibility of investment syndication in which the private equity buyer shares the transaction with other private equity firms. Various alternatives are considered for implementing turnarounds; in particular, ones that allow for management replacement and others that are effectively management buyouts.     

现代企业股权融资的若干思考

本文针对我国上市公司的股权分置改革,在全流通的前提下从法律层面、银行政策层面、证券政策层面和企业层面分析了企业股权质押融资的可行性,提出了解决企业融资担保的新设想。     

The role of private equity group reputation in LBO financing

This paper investigates whether the reputation of acquiring private equity groups (PEGs) is related to the financing structure of leveraged buyouts (LBOs). Using a sample of 180 public-to-private LBOs in the US between January 1, 1997 and August 15, 2007, we find that reputable PEGs are more active in the LBO market when credit risk spreads are low and lending standards in the credit markets are lax. We also find that reputable PEGs pay narrower bank and institutional loan spreads, have longer loan maturities, and rely more on institutional loans. In addition, while we find that PEG reputation is positively related to buyout leverage (i.e., LBO debt divided by pre-LBO earnings before interest, taxes, and amortization (EBITDA) of the target), and leverage is significantly positively related to buyout pricing, we do not find any direct relation between PEG reputation and buyout valuations. The evidence suggests that PEG reputation is related to LBO financing structure not only because reputable PEGs are more likely to take advantage of market timing in credit markets and but also because PEG reputation reduces agency costs of LBO debt.     

A theory of outside equity: Financing multiple projects

In the financial economics literature debt contracts provide optimal solutions for addressing managerial moral hazard problems. We analyze a model with multiple projects where the manager obtains private information about their quality after the contract with investors is agreed. The likelihood of success of each project depends on both its quality and the level of effort exerted on it by the manager. We find distributions of the quality shock such that the optimal financial contract requires the investor to hold an equity claim. Our model addresses issues that are relevant for financial intermediation and corporate governance.     

Specification analysis of corporate equity financing decision: a conditional residual approach

This article revisits the debate on the nature of private placements by specifying that informed insiders make trading decisions in the secondary market and equity issuance decision in the primary equity market (Lee and Wu (2008)). This article uses conditional residuals from the insider trading regression (abnormal insider trades) and conditional residuals from equity financing choice regression (unexpected equity financing choice) to measure private information. An important advantage of conditional correlation coefficient approach over the two-stage approach (Lee and Wu 2008) in testing the presence of asymmetric information is that the former is bounded by −1 and 1 and thus permits cross-sectional comparisons the relatedness between abnormal insider trades and unexpected equity financing choice.

Determinants of Chinese equity financing behaviours: traditional model and the alternatives

This paper studies the capital structure of Chinese SEO issuers, from the perspective of equity. The traditional model is subject to several problems including spurious correlation, cumulative measure and endogeneity. System GMM (generalised method of moments) is superior to the traditional model. Corporate governance is positively correlated to firm equity level; however, it does not affect incremental managerial adjustments to equity. In addition, state control positively influences equity level but has a negative effect on incremental managerial adjustment. Mixed evidence is found for the established capital structure theories in the Chinese context.     

A theory of mandatory convertibles: distinct features for large repeated financing

In recent years, mandatory convertibles (MCs) have become a popular means of raising capital, especially for large projects. This paper is the first theoretical paper to investigate MCs using the incomplete-contract approach. We show that MCs can be an efficient instrument in sequential financing. MCs have some distinct features compared to other convertibles, such as mandatory conversion, a high dividend rate, and capped capital appreciation. We show in theory that these features are designed to achieve efficiency.     

A theory of equity carve-outs and negative stub values under heterogeneous beliefs

We develop a theory of new-project financing and equity carve-outs under heterogeneous beliefs. In our model, an employee of a firm generates an idea for a new project that can be financed either by issuing equity against the cash flows of the entire firm (“integration”), or by undertaking an equity carve-out of the new project alone (“non-integration”). While the patent underlying the new project is owned by the firm, the employee generating the idea needs to be motivated to exert optimal effort for the project to be successful. The firm's choice between integration and non-integration is driven primarily by heterogeneity in beliefs among outside investors (each of whom has limited wealth to invest in the equity market) and between firm insiders and outsiders: if the marginal outsider financing the new project is more optimistic about the prospects of the project than firm insiders, and this incremental optimism of the marginal outsider over firm insiders is greater regarding new-project cash flows than that about assets-in-place cash flows, then the firm will implement the project under non-integration rather than integration. Two other ingredients driving the firm's financing choice are the cost of motivating the employee to exert optimal effort, and the potential synergies between the new project and assets in place. We derive a number of testable predictions regarding a firm's equilibrium choice between integration and non-integration. We also provide a rationale for the “negative stub values” documented in the equity carve-outs of certain firms (e.g., the carve-out of Palm from 3Com) and develop predictions for the magnitude of these stub values.     

Testing Q theory with financing frictions

We develop a Q theory of investment under financing constraints. The firm invests and saves optimally facing convex costs of external equity, overhang from outstanding debt, and collateral constraints on new borrowing. Overhang and costs of external equity discourage investment. Conversely, firms anticipating collateral constraints experience a side benefit from investing as installed capital relaxes future constraints. Empirical tests support the model. Conditional on average Q, investment is lower for equity issuers and for firms with large debt overhang. The Kaplan and Zingales and the Whited and Wu indices are used as proxies for future collateral constraints. Consistent with the model, both indices enter investment regressions positively.     

Actuarial concepts in the theory of financing life insurance activities

Abstract

In this paper is presented an attempt by the author to obtain conceptual clarity in the actuarial considerations concerned with financing life insurance schemes, whether private or public, It will, of course, be realized that the author is concerned ultimately with the financing of public or semi-public schemes. However, it is with deliberate intention that the exposition is presented in general terms. As is often the case, abstraction means clarification, thus avoiding a shifting of the meaning of the concepts as one goes from one special situation to another.     

Cash holdings,costly financing and the q theory of returns

I add cash holdings into an investment-based model of stock returns. I motivate cash holdings via costly outside financing. The model shows a relation between stock returns and cash holdings and provides a structural foundation for estimating the value of cash holdings from regressions. I estimate the model at the firm level—a task notoriously difficult for q theoretic models. Adding cash into the model substantially improves model fit on average, and accounting for costly investment and financing help improve fit across firms.     

多轮融资的“适配窍门”

金融海啸、欧债美债以来,＂创新＂转型是中国近年来叫得最响的词汇。创新的实质是过程,由各个阶段组成。配合各阶段的资本要素,连起来叫＂资本链＂。过程＋资本链是融资成败的关键     

Sell-side equity analysts and equity sales: A study of interaction

The extensive literature on sell-side analysts makes little reference to equity sales as a significant economic actor in the field. Drawing on a recent field study, our empirical evidence identified equity sales teams within brokers, who promote research to external clients, as a powerful agent cluster in close time-space proximity to analysts. This paper sheds light on analyst-sales interactions, which we contend represent an important field condition. The study employs concepts from strong structuration theory, in particular position-practice relations, to develop a narrative about sell-side analysts’ and sales team positional obligations, privileges, power relations and matters of trust. Our study makes three contributions. Firstly, we identify the symbiosis embedded in the relationship between sales and research - analysts need equity sales to market their product, to positively influence client perceptions of analysts and to provide access to prized fund managers. In turn, sales need analysts to provide content for them to market. Secondly, integral to sales-analyst interactions is the provision of feedback, which causes difficulties in the relationship, leaving analysts vulnerable to sales influence. Thirdly, regulatory tension has changed sales-analyst interactions, and this can enrich our understanding of why analysts continue to publish commoditised research into highly competitive markets.     

A meta-analysis of the equity premium

The equity premium is a key parameter in asset allocation policies. There is a vigorous debate in the literature regarding the actual measurement of the equity premium, its size and the determinants of its variation. This study aims to take stock of this literature by means of a meta-analysis. We identify how the size of the equity premium depends on the way it is measured, along with its evolution over time and its variation across regions in the world. We find that the equity premium is significantly lower if measured by ex ante methods rather than ex post, in more recent periods, and for more developed countries. In addition, looking at the underlying fundamentals, we find that larger volatility in GDP growth tends to raise the equity premium while a higher nominal interest rate has a negative impact on the equity premium.     

The many facets of privately negotiated stock repurchases

We investigate the causes and consequences of 737 privately negotiated share repurchases in the years 1984–2001. In contrast to the negative announcement returns and positive repurchase premiums reported by past research, we find positive announcement returns and premiums that are not significantly different from zero. Only when we investigate the 60 greenmail events separately do we find results similar to past research. However, for this subsample, we find long-horizon excess returns that are comparable to the average 18% repurchase premium, challenging the widely accepted opinion that managers overpay in greenmail repurchases. Moreover, we find that our understanding of the event improves when we split the non-greenmail repurchases according to the price paid. Repurchases at a premium can be modeled as signals, while other repurchases are mere wealth transfers between the corporation and the selling stockholders, the extent of which is determined by the relative bargaining power of the seller and the repurchasing firm.     

一个教育项目的融资奇谈

一份奇特的商业计划书前言 下面是一份商业计划书的前言,我看到以后颇感新奇.尤其是那一句"如果……,您不看也罢!",所以摘录一段在此,以资议论.