Working Conditions of the Child Worker in Turkish Labour Law

Child labor is one of the most important subjects related to work in Turkey. The children of the poor families feel the necessity to enter the work force. The necessity which stems from the economic hardship forces the child and adolescent workers to accept unhealthy working conditions. Having said that, it would be wrong to assume that the sole purpose of the children workers is to earn a living. Research indicates that another purpose is to learn a profession. There exist regulations that limit the child labor in Turkey. Through these regulations, several occupations are prohibited to be undertaken by child labor and reduction in working hours is enforced. The Labor Code that came into force in 2003 contains important regulations in this regard. The labor Code introduced important responsibilities to employers and unions. Turkey also took part in international agreements and working towards fulfilling her duty as a result of these agreements. Furthermore, Ministry of Labor and Social Security runs several programs tailored for child labor. IPEC Project is the important program among those. These programs involve not only the child labor, but also their families as well. To sum up, Turkey is aware of the fact that child labor is a social and economic problem. As a result, the efforts towards resolving the issue is ongoing and important steps are being taken towards the EU membership.

论公平就业立法是创建和谐社会的重要举措

我国目前劳动力市场竞争激烈,劳动者处于弱势地位,加之国家对用人单位并无明确具体的公平就业法律规定,因此,各类不公平就业现象出现,为构建和谐社会设置了一道人为障碍。在市场经济条件下,法律法规才是规范行为、获得合法权益的最有效保障。     

北京市就业中心的识别:实证方法及应用

基于城市空间结构的经典理论和就业中心识别的实证方法.利用北京市2001年和2004年的就业人口数据,在验证主中心存在的同时,采用两阶段方法,对次中心进行了识别.结果表明,北京目前仍然是一个单中心主导的城市空间结构,单中心方程对城市总体就业人口密度的解释能力超过了60%.但随着都市区的扩张,中关村等次中心开始陆续出现,并开始影响周边地区的就业分布和空间形态,这表明北京正向多中心的空间结构转变.此外,还也结合北京城市增长、制度转型和历史路径依赖的特点,对北京城市空间结构的演变机理进行了分析.     

Strategic Alliances in the Aviation Industry: An Analysis of Turkish Airlines Experience

SUMMARY

This paper investigates antecedents of success/failure in strategic alliances, which is implemented by airline companies as a response to globalization and liberal government policies. The relationship between Turkish Airlines and Qualiflyer Group, the largest airline alliance in Europe until its collapse in 2001, has been taken as a case study to present the question in terms of matching the goals, partner selection, alliance management, and areas of cooperation. Two factors at the macro-level and four factors at the micro-level are found to be important to succeed in strategic airline alliances.     

我国三大经济地带就业弹性的比较--基于面板数据模型(Panel-data model)的实证研究

本文利用面板数据模型（Panel-datamodel）的计量方法,对我国东中西三大经济地带1978～2003年的经济总体就业弹性和非农就业弹性进行估计,揭示了这三个区域经济增长率与就业增长率之间关系的差异,论证了东部地区就业弹性均明显高于中西部地区,并对它们差异的形成原因进行了简要分析。     

和谐社会视角下的我国城市就业问题探讨

构建和谐社会是我国新时期建设的主要任务,而城市就业,则是实现和谐社会的基本要求之一."十一五"期间,我国就业形势依然严峻.因此,我们在保持较高经济增长速度的同时,应该从产业结构、就业结构、教育结构、就业服务体系、就业形式等各方面千方百计扩大就业,多渠道、多方式地增加就业岗位,促进就业问题的解决.     

城市新就业职工住房保障问题实证研究——基于合肥市新就业职工的调查

调查表明,50％多的新就业职工住房困难.由于收入较低,新就业职工住房支付能力严重不足,30％多的新就业职工家庭缺乏租房支付能力;超过70％的新就业职工家庭缺乏购房支付能力.所以,要尽快将新就业职工纳入住房保障范围.首先,提高新就业职工收入水平,遏制住房价格过快上涨;其次,多渠道筹集住房保障资金;第三,积极创新相关配套政策,完善公共租赁住房准入和退出机制;第四,适时推出限价商品住房,利用优惠信贷政策,提高新就业职工住房支付能力.     

散杂居城市少数民族就业竞争力与对策研究

本文从少数民族流动人口在散杂居城市中的就业现状出发,将城市就业市场上的企业划分为民族特色企业和一般企业,分别比较了少数民族在两类企业中就业竞争力的差异,并提出解决散杂居城市少数民族劳动者就业问题,应遵循"发展产业、扩充岗位、加强培训、辅助就业"的政策思路.发展民族特色产业,增加少数民族就业机会,并加强语言和技能的培训,增强少数民族就业竞争力,同时,完善为少数民族提供服务的质量,辅助和关怀他们在城市的就业.     

行业分割视角下的农民工就业歧视量化研究

本文采用2008~2010年国家宏观统计数据,对以工资差距反映的农民工就业歧视问题,运用加权行业分割指数和因素分解模型进行了分析,结果表明:中国劳动力市场确实存在农民工与城镇职工的行业分割性,这种分割对形成农民工与城镇职工的工资差距产生一定的影响,而且影响程度呈逐年加大的趋势。这一研究结果说明中国农民工在职业准入方面与城镇职工存在较大的差异,而且这种差异导致两个群体的工资差距也在逐年加大。若消除行业分布差异的影响,农民工的平均工资将得到提升,以2010年为例将提升23.6%。     

重新重工业化对我国就业的影响——基于技术中性理论与实证数据的分析

自20世纪90年代末期以来，我国重工业发展迅猛，各界普遍认为我国已再次进入了重工业化阶段，但关于重工业的发展对我国就业影响的看法，却存在一些争论。本文首先从“技术中性”的理论角度分析了重工业发展对就业影响的作用机制和过程，将这种影响分为“替代效应”和“收入效应”，然后构造两个模型并利用有关数据进行回归拟合以检验这两个效应作用程度。回归结果表明，“替代效应”会提高全社会的资本一劳动比，被证明是一种“索洛技术中性”的技术进步；而“收入效应”会提高全社会的就业量，且作用程度超过了“替代效应”，从而使得整个社会的就业量不但没有减少反而还增加了。     

轨道交通对北京就业空间结构的影响——基于经济普查数据的分析

本文基于北京市第一次、第二次全国经济普查数据,采用探索性空间数据分析方法,以轨道交通1号线、2号线、5号线、13号线以及八通线为对象,研究不同类型的轨道变通线站对周边一定辐射范围内就业空间结构的影响趋势及程度,分析两个时间截面间的轨道变通线站周边产业集聚变动情况,在此基础上剖析轨道变通线站周边分产业的就业空间结构变动趋势与特点.     

Employment equity in Canada and South Africa: progress and propositions

In 1998 the South African government attempted to redress historical workplace discrimination through the introduction of the Employment Equity Act, largely modelled on the Canadian legislation. This paper provides a background to the rationale for employment equity and related practices in both Canada and South Africa. Policies and practices are compared and progress achieved thus far in both countries is discussed. Suggestions for future consideration by South African policy makers and business leaders are proposed that include issues that are more difficult to legislate, yet which will determine the optimal progress of employment equity in South Africa. The issues highlighted in this regard pertain to top management commitment, the development of holistic human resources policies and practices, the appreciation and management of employee diversity and the creation of inclusive organizational cultures that address historical systemic discrimination.     

Employment equity,human resource development and institution building in South Africa

The process of economic and social reconstruction in South Africa (SA) has harnessed capital, organized labour and state agencies in emergent tripartite macro-policy forums; in particular, the National Economic Development and Labour Commission. Public policy on human resource development, affirmative action and diversity issues is increasingly an outcome of negotiations in these structures. However, although significant legislative developments on these issues are envisaged in the near future, institutional adaptation has not been adequately researched. The apartheid state was constructed on the ideological basis of ethnic fragmentation rationalized by ethnic and cultural diversity. At the same time, diversity is a social reality in building common national and organizational goals, symbols and identity.

This paper discusses structural and labour market factors associated with the process of employment equity and diversity management in South African organizations. A research project, the Breakwater Monitor, at the Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town, has established a national database covering some one million employees, which enables benchmarking of company and sectoral practices in regard to affirmative action, diversity policy, training and development and skills formation. The project has also begun to track diversity representation at all levels across major sectors longitudinally, using a common job evaluation standard for comparability. The project considers both quantitative and qualitative factors in human resource development. Findings from this project are presented and discussed in the context of human resource development.     

Discrimination in Employment Provisions in the Mexican Federal Labor Law

The discrimination in employment provisions in employment provisions in the Mexican Federal Labor Law (FLL) are surveyed in a general overview. Employment discrimination in Mexico under the FLL is generally proscribed but is mandated in a limited number of instances. Discriminatory violations can induce various sanctions against transgressing Mexican employers.     

河北省产品质量安全法律保障问题研究

产品质量安全关系人民群众切身利益,质量水平的高低也反映一个国家、一个地区的综合经济实力。虽然近年来河北省产品质量总体水平稳步提高,但质量安全事件时有发生,给河北省的产品质量安全造成了巨大的负面影响。本文在分析河北省的产品质量安全问题的基础上,提出了完善相关法律制度的建议,制定了有效可行的长效运行机制,希望能为切实保障河北省的产品质量安全尽一份绵薄之力。     

Employment relations and labour market indicators in ten industrialized market economies: Comparative statistics

The acceleration of the internationalisation of business and the division of labour has been led by improvements in technologies and communications, decreased barriers to trade, increased competition and the growth of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Employers, government organizations and unions, practitioners and academics are increasingly concerned with locating comparable statistics. This article reviews employment relations and labour market data for ten major industrialized market economies (IMEs) and discusses some of the challenges in the measurement and interpretation of such data. For a fuller discussion of such data, and of the ten IME, see Greg J. Bamber and Russell D. Lansbury (eds) International and Comparative Employment Relations 3rd edn, to be published by Sage, London, and Allen & Unwin, Sydney, in mid-1998.