企业IT项目团队的执行力研究

随着信息技术的发展,IT业有着广阔的前景。IT业是以项目为导向的行业,因此项目团队是IT业发展的核心支柱和主力军。而一个项目的成功与否则取决于该项目团队的执行力强弱。文章通过对IT项目团队的特殊性分析,提出了影响IT项目团队执行力的构成要素。     

IT项目管理中的团队建设

IT项目管理中的团队建设是项目管理活动能否顺利开展的重要基础.在国际竞争日趋激烈及经济全球化的环境下,怎样提高IT项目管理中团队建设的实效性、科学性、全面性,是摆在广大实践工作者和理论工作者前面的一个比较新的课题.本文系统的对IT项目管理团队建设存在的问题进行探讨,旨在提出IT项目管理团队建设的基本对策和思路.     

IT外包项目的团队管理研究

团队管理是IT外包项目成功的重要因素之一。文章分析了IT外包项目的团队体系架构和矩阵结构管理模式,着重介绍了团队的动态管理,包括流失预警、职业规划、培训及绩效评估等多种机制。在此基础上,结合激励及约束手段来维护团队的优质稳定。     

IT外包项目中知识转移影响因素的多案例研究——基于IT外包服务提供商的视角

有效的知识转移对IT外包项目的成功具有重要意义,也在促进IT外包服务提供商团队能力成长方面发挥着重要作用,然而现有文献对IT外包项目中知识转移的影响因素还缺乏系统的理论分析和实证研究。IT外包项目中的知识转移涉及范围广、因素复杂,具有很强的情境依赖性,鉴于此,本文基于IT外包服务提供商的视角,通过多案例的实证研究,识别、归纳出了影响知识转移的关键因素,包括四个方面、9个变量,分别是:IT外包服务提供商因素(团队人格特质、团队氛围、吸收能力、获取意愿)、客户方因素(客户方支持)、双方互动因素(沟通、和谐关系)和控制机制因素(正式控制、非正式控制)。本研究形成的整合概念模型丰富了IT外包研究和知识转移研究领域的成果。     

IT产品供应链的多主体博弈与风险治理——《IT项目风险:从管理到治理—基于利益相关者博弈视角》书评

IT产品开发过程固有的不确定性给IT项目建设蒙上一层神秘的面纱,高风险与IT项目长期并存。风险防范和化解始终困扰着IT项目团队。河北科技大学瞿英等学者在《IT项目风险:从管理到治理—基于利益相关者博弈视角》(知识产权出版社,2021年版)一书中,突破了传统风险管理的框架,将利益相关者行为纳入风险治理范畴,通过深入分析利益相关者的行为博弈,构建了面向利益相关者视角的IT项目风险管理与治理体系,为信息技术项目乃至高新技术项目风险管理和化解提供了新的思路。     

重量级IT项目敏捷管理方法研究

重量级IT项目具有高度复杂性和不确定性，以过程为基础的项目管理需要借敏捷方法加以改进。本文以阐明IT项目的复杂产品系统特性为起点，从复杂产品系统的模块化及分解入手，讨论了IT产品的动态形成过程，提出了一个重量级IT项目敏捷管理方法框架。在该方法中，探讨了复杂产品分解的随机Petri网概念模型、柔性团队行为模型、重载方法适度规范集以及基于知识转移的敏捷开发过程。     

跨项目知识转移的治理策略及其作用机制:基于IT服务企业的案例研究

尽管不少文献研究了企业跨项目知识转移的影响因素,但尚未研究组织知识治理策略与项目团队成员认知对跨项目知识转移的作用机制.本文对两家我国IT服务企业进行案例分析并得到,营造良好的组织文化氛围、制定正式制度、设置专职机构和合理配置项目间资源对跨项目知识转移效果有直接的影响,其中,组织文化氛围主要包括领导支持和知识共享文化,组织正式制度主要涉及工作惯例、文档规范化管理和考核奖励机制,项目间资源配置主要指人力资源的跨项目调配,同时还涉及会议室等其他软硬件资源的调配.同时,这些组织知识治理策略也通过知识源项目团队成员和知识接收方项目团队成员的能力和期望两方面的认知而对跨项目知识转移效果产生间接的影响,即项目团队成员认知因素起到部分中介作用.但是,信息技术使用对企业跨项目知识转移并无明显的影响.     

研发平台整合项目进度管理中的问题及对策

进度管理作为信息工程项目控制中的三大控制目标之一,它在IT项目实施过程中是十分重要的。本文结合厦工研发平台整合项目的实施案例,探讨了进度管理在信息化项目的四大影响因素：进度计划、需求分析、团队管理和进度控制,并进一步重点分析案例项目实施中影响进度管理的主要问题,最后针对这些问题提出相应的解决措施,有助于企业后续信息化项目的顺利推进。     

项目团队:他们的水平到底怎样?

项目团队已经成为现代企业的基本工作单元。满足项目目标、进度和预算的能力将成为未来几年内甄别成功者和学习者的重要标准。但是，取得项目的成功是一项巨大的挑战。2004年斯坦迪什集团（Standish Group）发现他们所调查的51％的IT项目严重超出了进度和预算，并且背离了目标。     

IBM志愿精英携手南京,探索创新科技构建智慧城市——2012 IBM“企业全球 精英志愿服务队”南京项目成果汇报会举行

2012年9月21日,IBM＂企业全球精英志愿服务队＂（以下简称ESC）南京项目总结汇报会成功举行。在汇报会上,IBM ESC南京项目团队向南京市政府领导汇报了在合作期间,关于南京市智慧城市建设、软件产业发展战略规划、IT驱动产业转型、制定社交媒体战略提升市民体验等几个方面的调研成果,以及战略愿景和行动方案。会议上,南京市政府领导一行认真听取了IBM ESC南京团队的总结报告,并对其中的可行性建议表示了赞同和肯定。     

Project success and project team management: Evidence from capital projects in the process industries

Efficient project execution is a key business objective in many domains and particularly so for capital projects in the process industries, but existing project management research gives little direction about how project team factors influence three important capital project outcomes: cost, schedule, and operability. After an extensive cross-disciplinary review of the general team and project management literatures, we constructed and tested a theoretically based, five-dimensional model of organizational context, project team design, project team leadership, project team processes, and project outcome factors. We examined the model by means of an empirical study of 56 newly completed capital projects executed by 15 Fortune 500 companies in the process industries. The results indicate the value of disaggregating project outcomes for research purposes. Different bundles of project team factors were found to drive project cost, schedule, and operability. Project team efficacy, cross-functional project teams, autonomous project team structure, and virtual office usage were the strongest predictors of project cost effectiveness. Continuity of project leadership, cross-functional project teams, and project manager incentives were the strongest predictors of project construction schedule. In contrast, clear project goals and an office design to facilitate effective communication were the main predictors of plant operability. Implications of these findings for researchers and project practitioners are discussed. One major practical implication of our findings is that project managers need to clearly focus and prioritize their goals for each project so they can adopt the appropriate bundles of project team practices that will facilitate their goal achievement.     

浅析在价值工程项目团队中运用建导法

价值工程(VE)经常采用项目团队工作方式进行。因此,价值工程成功与项目团队的绩效存在密切关系。团队目标、团队沟通和团队冲突等团队过程因素是影响团队绩效的重要因素,团队目标依靠团队互动达成共识,而团队沟通和团队冲突更是团队互动过程的行为要素,因此团队互动对于项目团队绩效具有重要意义。建导法是一种引导和改善团队互动过程的技术,在价值工程项目团队中运用建导法,可以使项目团队互动取得更好的效果。     

Team leader experience in improvement teams: A social networks perspective

In this research, we disentangle the relationship between several key aspects of a team leader's experience and the likelihood of improvement project success. Using the lens of socio-technical systems, we argue that the effect of team leader experience derives from the social system as well as the technical system. The aspects of team leader experience we examine include team leader social capital (a part of the social system) and team leader experience leading projects of the same type (a part of the technical system).We examine four different, yet related, dimensions of a team leader's social capital, which we motivate based on the social networks literature. One dimension, team leader familiarity, suggests that social capital is created when team leaders have experience working with current team members on prior improvement projects, and that such social capital increases the likelihood of improvement project success. We develop three additional dimensions, using social network analysis (SNA), to capture the idea that the improvement team leader's social capital extends beyond the current team to include everyone the leader has previously worked with on improvement projects. Contrasting our SNA-based dimensions with team leader familiarity enables us to better understand the impact of a team leader's social capital both inside and beyond the team. We also examine the effect of a team leader's experience leading prior projects of the same type, and consider the extent to which organizational experience may moderate the impact of both team leader social capital and same-type project experience.Based on analysis of archival data of six sigma projects spanning six years from a Fortune 500 consumer products manufacturer, we find that two of our SNA-based dimensions of team leader social capital, as well as experience leading projects of the same type, increase the likelihood of project success. In addition, we show that organizational experience moderates the relationship between team leader same-type project experience and project success. However, this is not the case for the relationship between the dimensions of team leader social capital and project success. These results provide insights regarding how dimensions of team leader experience and organizational experience collectively impact the operational performance of improvement teams.     

浅析煤炭企业班组预算管理

做实班组工程预算,使班组成为降成本的主体。降成本应该从班组抓起,班组成本意识越浓厚,我们的降成本工作就越容易取得实效。我公司主要以培养班组长做工程预算作为班组降成本的切入点。     

Relationships among project manager’s leadership style, team interaction and project performance in the Taiwanese server industry

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of the project manager’s leadership style with team interaction, and their impact on project performance. The second objective was to determine whether the effect of leadership style on project performance may be mediated by team interaction. To address the primary aims, a questionnaire-based survey was used to measure the project manager’s leadership style, team communication and collaboration, and overall performance of research and development (R&D) projects in the Taiwanese server industry. The analyses suggest that transformational leadership may be positively related to team communication and collaboration. Additionally, levels of team communication and collaboration are positively associated with projects’ levels of performance. The results also indicate that team communication and collaboration may serve as mediators between transformational leadership and project performance.     

Counteracting Free‐Riding With Team Morale—An Experimental Study

This study focuses on a behavioral perspective to examine the detrimental effects of free‐riding on team performance, and investigates team morale as a key factor that counteracts the tendency of free‐riding among team members. Results of the empirical test imply that enhancing team morale can effectively reduce the scale of free‐riding behavior in project teams; in addition, controlling team size also provides help to constrain the undesired behavior. The two means can be carefully applied to project management during early stages of project development before the commitment of significant resources. Implications for both research and team practices are discussed.     

How Project Manager–Project Owner Interaction Can Work Within and Influence Project Risk Management

Inherent interest conflicts between a project management team and project owner are often neglected in project risk management. Risk management by the project management team basically focuses on project short‐term survival, or project success toward handover to the customer, while for the project owner, strategic success should be more important. To see how this takes place in and influences real projects, seven large projects were studied, and interaction in project risk management between the project owners and project management team was examined for each project. The study revealed that the main focus in the studied projects was on operational risks, even within the project owner's set of high‐priority risks.     

An exploratory study of gender in project management: Interrelationships with role,location, technology,and project cost

This study explores whether gender differences in project managers are related to gender differences in their team members. Gender differences are explored in the context of project managers' and team members' location to one another, the project team's use of technology, and the cost and size of the project teams. Using log‐linear analysis of 563 project team members' responses, several significant findings are reported—including the likelihood of same‐gender project manager and team member dyads as well as gender differences in project contextual factors. Implications for organizational and project management researchers and decision makers conclude the article.     

The role of experience in six sigma project success: An empirical analysis of improvement projects

Recent learning-by-doing research highlights the importance of examining multiple measures of experience and their relationship to the performance of work teams. Our paper studies the role of individual experience, organizational experience, team leader experience, and experience working together on a team (team familiarity) in the context of improvement teams. To do so, we analyze successful and failed six sigma improvement team projects at a Fortune 500 consumer products manufacturer with multiple business groups. Such improvement project teams focus on deliberate learning, which differs from the primary focus of work teams.Our analysis uses archival data generated by these improvement project teams over a six year time span. Of the four experience variables we study, we find that team leader experience exhibits the strongest relationship with project success, followed by organizational experience. Further, in contrast to prior-related research on work teams, we find no relationship between individual experience or team familiarity and project success beyond that explained by team leader and organizational experience. These results suggest that a well-developed and deployed structured problem-solving process—characteristic of effective six sigma deployments—may reduce the importance of team familiarity in the context of improvement teams.     

What Are the Characteristics That Software Development Project Team Members Associate With a Good Project Manager?

In this study we investigate what software development project team members consider to be a good project manager. Previous research has been carried out using project manager self‐assessments, other project stakeholder views, or recruiters’ views. This qualitative study used the repertory grid technique to identify the characteristics that project team members associate with a good project manager. This technique has been adopted because of its strength in eliciting personal constructs. Among the 18 characteristics identified, the seven most relevant were classified and compared with previous findings, which reveals differences between the team members’ and project managers’ and other stakeholders’ perceptions. Those findings complement the existing skill set and could be considered when recruiting and training project managers and staffing projects.