玉米秸秆制备木糖工艺的研究

以超声波为强化手段,稀硫酸为催化剂,水解提取玉米秸秆中的木糖,利用DNS法对木糖溶液进行分析。考察了玉米秸秆制备木糖时秸秆水分、粒度、硫酸浓度、固液比、水解温度、反应时间及超声波强化对木糖收率的影响规律。研究得出最佳制备条件为：秸秆粒度约为40目,硫酸浓度为3％。固液比为1：10;预处理条件为：超声频率100KHz,超声时间为1h,超声温度为20～25℃,水解温度为100-102℃,反应时间为5h。在此条件下,木糖最高收率达到32．06％。     

关于秸秆综合利用的思考

户县每年玉米种植面积在40万亩左右，产生大量的玉米秸秆，这些秸秆堆弃在田间、路旁，给农业生产和交通带来不便。为了处理大量农业废弃秸秆，户县农业机械公司购入农业秸秆还田机械，户县60％以上的秋季农作物秸秆都进行了粉碎还田，既为农业发展奠定了基础。同时又为土地增添了有机农家肥，还为秸秆无害化处理找到了出路。     

利用玉米秸秆、鸡粪资源开发粗饲料的研究

玉米秸秆和鸡粪混贮，可以生产质量较高的反刍动物饲料。这个途径改善了玉米秸青贮的发酵特性和产品品质，增加了玉米秸秆的营养成分，在减少资源浪费、产生很好的经济效益的同时，也能减少农业废弃物对环境的污染。     

冬季防治玉米螟

冬季防治玉米螟玉米螟是玉米生长期的大敌。它不仅繁殖快，每年２～３代，而且危害时间长，不论是春播玉米，还是夏播玉米均会遭危害。可采取以下办法防治：一、对有玉米螟害虫的玉米秸秆，要及时清除进行集中烧毁，以杀死越冬虫、蛹。二、用于还田的玉米秸秆，要用铡刀铡...     

玉米秸秆能源化利用途径与方法

通过气化、液化、固化和炭化技术,将玉米秸秆转化为优质能源品种,替代煤炭、石油、天然气等燃料缓解地球能源危机。主要介绍了玉米秸秆气化、液化、固化和炭化的主要方法与利用途径,分析了玉米秸秆利用技术的国内外研究现状与发展前景。     

不同水氮条件下小麦和玉米秸秆养分释放特征研究

采用尼龙网袋法,模拟小麦玉米种植模式,研究了不同水氮条件下冬小麦和夏玉米秸秆养分释放特征。研究表明,小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆腐解情况都表现为前期腐解快,后期腐解速度缓慢;室内培养条件下,腐解前20天为腐解快速期,腐解缓慢期大约为20~60天,其后为腐解停滞期。玉米秸秆腐解速度比小麦秸秆快。添加氮素对加快秸秆腐解有一定的效果。土壤含水量为16%和20%对秸秆腐解速度无影响。小麦与玉米秸秆中养分释放率均表现为KPCN,小麦和玉米秸秆中养分的释放量均表现为CKNP。     

青纱账里“拉脚客”

“车车秸秆如山高，白里黑里尽操劳，运给奶牛作干粮，秸秆堆出‘金元宝’。“每到如今这个时段的秋收时节．在济南市历城区王舍人镇就活跃着一支清运玉米秸秆的务工队伍。     

不同秸秆还田方式对土壤有机质及速效养分的影响

为探明不同秸秆还田方式对大田表层(0~5cm)土壤有机质及速效养分的影响,设置4种不同秸秆还田方式:秸秆不还田(CK)、秸秆焚烧还田(SA)、秸秆粉碎还田(SC)、秸秆高留茬还田(SH)。结果表明:秸秆直接还田(SC、SH)显著提高了土壤有机质含量(P0.05),在玉米苗期、大喇叭口期、成熟期相比CK提高幅度分别为0.5%~5.3%、2.6%~9.5%、4.5%~18.9%;秸秆焚烧还田降低了土壤有机质含量,各时期分别比CK降低8.9%、14.7%、8.5%。对速效磷、速效钾的影响,各处理表现为SCSHSACK,经过玉米生育期,三种还田处理的速效磷、速效钾含量分别比CK提高了24.5%~53.9%、24.6%~70.9%。玉米生育期内,SA、SC、SH的速效氮(硝态氮、铵态氮)含量相比CK的增加幅度呈现先减小后增加的趋势。SC的硝态氮含量在玉米苗期和大喇叭口期高于其他处理,铵态氮含量在玉米成熟期高于其他处理;SA的硝态氮含量在玉米成熟期高于其他处理,铵态氮含量在玉米苗期和大喇叭口期高于其他处理;经过玉米生育期,三种还田处理的硝态氮、铵态氮分别比CK提高了9.4%~57.2%,10.5%~50.2%。综合各项指标,秸秆粉碎还田处理对土壤有机质和速效养分的积累有最明显的作用。     

植物纤维素的水解利用研究进展

本文简要介绍植物纤维素的水解利用的研究进展，内容包括各种预处理方法及酶解效果、酶回收现状。     

碳氮比对猪粪-玉米秸秆混合堆肥的影响

本文选用猪粪与玉米秸秆为原料,研究了碳氮比对猪粪-玉米秸秆混合堆肥的影响,比较堆肥过程中堆体各项指标的差异,根据T值和种子发芽指数进一步评价腐熟度,结果表明,C/N值为20时处理腐熟效果最好。堆肥结束后,猪粪-玉米秸秆混合物中的重金属含量显著增加,但均符合《有机肥料》(NY525-2012)标准限量要求,可以作为肥料施用。     

Penetration and Post-infection Development of Meloidogyne Incognita on Tobacco as Treated by Rhizobacteria Pseudomonas Fluorescens Strain P-72-10

The bio-control potential of rhizospere bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens against plant-parasite nematode had been demonstrated. P. fluorescens had shown the effect to enhance tobacco resistance to root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Inoculation with P. fluoreseens in tobacco could lead to significant reductions in the number of juveniles that penetrated tobacco root and further life stage development of the juveniles. The number of juveniles penetrated into tobac- co root in treatment with P. fluorescens is significantly different from CK at 2DAI, 6DAI, 8DAI and 10DAI. Significant reduction and delayed development of juveniles that penetrated into tobacco root and treated were observed in treatment at 14DAI, 21DAI, 28DAI and 35DAI. In addition, P. fluoreseens treatment leads to a significant reduction in the number of eggs per egg-mass at 35 DAI. The results show P. fluorescens induced a continuously suppression on root-knot nema- tode M. incognita throughout their entire early infection phase of root penetration, subsequent life stage development and reproduction.     

利用膜技术回收利用碱性废水研究进展

回顾了利用膜分离技术处理碱性废水的工艺与综合利用技术所取得的丰硕成果，总结了各种治理方法的特点、适用性及发展方向。     

Taxing Times in Indonesia: The Challenge of Restoring Competitiveness and the Search for Fiscal Space

Indonesia’s economic growth picked up slightly in mid-2016 but remains below the level demanded by government and popular aspirations. Despite a plethora of reforms intended to increase efficiency and productivity, some policies are perverse and longstanding problems of implementation remain. The share of manufacturing has declined, the real exchange rate has appreciated, exports have dwindled, and growth has been trending downwards. The banking sector is stable but inefficient, with wide net interest margins and numerous barriers to competition. Trade protection, particularly in basic food commodities, has created high costs that weigh particularly heavily on the poor. Declining government revenues have placed increasing pressure on the public budget, even as the current administration aims to increase spending on infrastructure and welfare and to enhance productivity. In an effort to increase revenues, the government has announced a tax amnesty program and other measures. In addition, Sri Mulyani Indrawati, the new finance minister, has taken steps to cut non-essential expenditure in order to secure high spending on infrastructure and at the same time keep within the 3% budget deficit limit stipulated by law. Although the overall debt situation is not yet alarming, declining revenues and budget cuts that do not fully reflect this decline are putting pressure on increasing debt levels. The government’s high-profile tax amnesty program was the major policy initiative implemented in the second half of 2016 that aimed to relieve this pressure. Despite widespread criticism of, and scepticism about, the tax amnesty (both within and outside Indonesia), its first phase had a much higher participation rate than most independent accounts expected. Revenues raised so far through the amnesty are less than 60% of the official target, but this is actually a strong result for the short term. The bigger question, however, is whether the amnesty is a key element of a more encompassing strategy to overhaul the system of taxation and tax administration.     

The causes of Japan's ‘lost decade’: The role of household consumption

In this paper, I analyze the causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and find that the stagnation of investment, especially private fixed investment, was the primary culprit. I then investigate the causes of the stagnation of household consumption during the 1990s and find that the stagnation of household disposable income, the decline in household wealth, and increased uncertainty about the future are among the contributing factors. Finally, I consider whether demand side factors or supply side factors were more important as causes of the prolonged slowdown of the Japanese economy in the 1990s and conclude that the former (especially misguided government policies) were probably more important.     

我国发展天文旅游的条件、前景探析及策略思考

天文旅游资源从成因可以分为行星地球天文旅游资源、天体天文旅游资源和天文文化旅游资源三类。天文旅游方兴未艾,我国天文旅游具有很大发展前景。文章对我国开展天文旅游的条件进行了分析,对发展天文旅游的策略和措施进行了梳理。     

城市社会的开放与农民的城市化

城市社会在对农民的开放与封闭之中徘徊。改革开放后城市社会对农民的开放已经使很多农民城市化。城市社会对农民的封闭已由政策性封闭转向经济性封闭。城市社会对农民的封闭增加了农民城市化的成本和社会风险。必须加强城市社会对农民的开放,逐步消除对农民的封闭政策,以推进农民的城市化。     

信息化时代商学院图书馆的建设与发展——中、美四大名校商学院图书馆建设的比较与启示

信息化时代中美商学院图书馆的建设与发展,成为当今时代高等商学教育发展与进步的一个重要环节,对中美四大商学院图书馆的发展状况、差距进行分析比较,对促进我国商学院图书馆事业的改革、建设和发展具有一定的启示作用和参考价值。