Establishing a modern cadastral system within a transition country: Consequences for the Republic of Moldova

This paper examines the current situation following from the implementation of a land cadastre in the Republic of Moldova, a transition country that is seeking to establish a market economy as a means of facilitating greater prosperity. After consolidating the concepts of the functions land property serve within a capitalist-based economy, we examine the current state of affairs as it exists on the ground within this former socialist state and examine the consequences of imposing western-derived views on land reform in terms of tenure security and credibility. This reveals an extensive problem of land fragmentation in the rural sector, which is in part being countered by the emergence of a land lease market that sees new individual landowners providing land for the use of commercial enterprises. However, given the unique political economy present within Moldova, this situation in many ways contradicts, if not constrains, many of the potential benefits that a formal property system is thought to allow for, and therefore the objectives behind the transition phase have yet to be fully achieved. This has forced a re-examination of theory versus the practice of land property privatisation and land market interactions.     

Determining the property ownership on cadastral works in Turkey

The transformation process from state to civil ownership in Turkey was started at the end of the Ottoman Empire and continued until after the formation of Turkish Republic. In this process, in accordance with the Civil Code legislation, most land users who had been using state lands were regarded as owners of those lands. These parcels of real estate were used in various ways and it became necessary to register these properties by using a process called ‘written cadastre’. The initial process was slowed down during World War II but an intensive cadastral program was begun after the war in both urban and rural areas, particularly in 1950s. The cadastre work had two components called technical and legal. The definition of land ownership is the legal foundation of the cadastre. If properties have their titles, land ownership can be defined based on the title; otherwise the ownership can be defined according to statements by experts chosen from local people. However, without title or written evidence, determining the land ownership is more problematic. In this context, this study explains how the ownership of properties, with or without a title, is determined in cadastral work in Turkey.     

Un-forgetting walls by lines on maps: A case study on property rights,cadastral mapping,and the landscape of the Kowloon Walled City

This paper demonstrates that the framing of post-war Kowloon Walled City through photos has been dominated by the maps commonly used to represent this Chinese enclave in colonial Hong Kong as a place. Inspired by and extending Wylie’s (2009) argument that emptiness and presence are equally important, this paper uses basic GIS techniques and hitherto unpublished archival materials to help (a) argues that the colonial government’s mindset of clearly defining the spatial boundary of the city, which is a subtle admission of an officially and diplomatically denied otherness in ownership, created the city as a quasi-cadastral unit; and (b) explains how this shaped the framing of the landscape of the city by promoting investment and trade in high-rise housing development units. The government did not destroy its walls. When these were physically destroyed, it did not ignore the walls’ original alignments but treated the city as a planning unit, as if they still existed.     

生态旅游环境监测系统

建立生态旅游环境监测系统是对生态旅游区进行监测和管理，降低旅游活动对环境影响的有效措施。主要探讨了生态旅游环境监测系统的建立过程及运作方式，即在专业研究人员主导下。当地居民和旅游者普遍，全过程参与，收集现场资料及文献资料，充分利用GIS，GPS，把所有数据以数字化方式加以整合，建立起旅游地环境信息系统并进行分析。从而发现和解决问题。     

Lessons learned: an evaluation of land administration initiatives in Latin America over the past two decades

Latin America has a long and rich history of land administration projects stretching back to the 1980s and beyond. Unfortunately, this history has not been systematically analyzed nor recorded but is buried in a myriad of reports and other gray literature. Currently, almost every country in the region has a land administration project, incorporating cadastral reform, that is either in preparation or being implemented. It is therefore timely to consider what lessons have been learned from previous experience, in the region and elsewhere, and more specifically how this experience can inform current efforts. This paper starts with a summary of a recent World Bank/USAID initiative to compile lessons learned from land administration projects around the world and follows with the author's view of lessons learned in the context of project design, institutional reform and technical innovation.     

Development of 3D underground cadastral data model in Korea: Based on land administration domain model

Underground space is being considered as a sustainable development resource, especially in heavily urbanized areas such as Seoul, in Korea. However, regarding 3D underground property, uncertainties and gaps exist between cadastral system and real property registration system. In Korea, cadastral system is able to deal with only 2D surface parcel, on the contrary, real property registration system is able to register and manage legal status of 3D underground properties. The mismatch between these two systems causes various types of problems for underground properties such as a vertical boundary disputes between aboveground and underground ownerships, administrative confusion and dual-compensation problems for new underground construction, reconstruction and haphazard development for underground space due to the lack of systematic registration procedure. In order to overcome these problems, this research proposes a 3D underground cadastral data model, which is associated and integrated with classes in ISO 19152 Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) developed by the Technical Committee 211 of the International Organization for Standardization. The proposed 3D underground cadastral data model comprises two packages: 3D underground parcel package, and 3D underground surveying and mapping package. It would support a better service for land administration by providing reliable and accurate spatial information on 3D underground property. In order to validate the proposed 3D underground cadastral data model, the prototype is developed and implemented in real-world situation for the first time. The proposed 3D underground cadastral data model can register various types of 3D underground properties including architectures such as shopping mall, public walkway, parking lot, and etc., and civil infrastructures such as subway, road, water supply, sewage, common utility tunnel, and etc. The results show that the proposed 3D underground cadastral data model could be applicable for other information system such as land valuation and taxation system, urban planning system, construction and facility management system.     

农业可持续发展的环境资源系统评价--以湖南省衡阳市为例

环境资源是农业可持续发展的基础支持系统;选用森林覆盖率、人均耕地等指标,运用数理模型和GIS技术,对衡阳市农业持续发展的环境资源支持能力的动态变化和地域差异进行定量评价的结果是,衡阳市农业持续发展的环境资源支持能力呈下降趋势;7个县市中以衡东县环境资源支持能力最强,农业持续发展的环境资源支持系统处于良性状态;祁东县环境资源支持能力最弱,农业持续发展的环境资源系统处于危险状态;其余的5个县域处于过渡状态。     

我国农业企业区域创业环境的实证研究

论文从基本创业环境及特定创业环境两个维度设计了评价区域农业企业创业环境的指标体系,利用主成分分析方法对我国31个省（区、市）的农业企业创业环境进行了评价,并分彖部、东北部、中部和西部区域进行了深入分析。论文认为,区域农业企业综合创业环境与区域经济发展水平呈高度相关关系,即也呈现出东部、东北部、中部和西部的层级关系,各区域各具优势,不同区域应该根据自身特点对创业环境进行改善。     

论我国动物保护法律体系的完善

由于对野生动物的保护问题日益受人们的关注。许多国家的动物保护法律越来越丰富,而我国动物保护的立法还停滞于20世纪的七八十年代。已远不能满足动物保护工作的需要;根据动物保护的需要并借鉴其他国家动物保护立法的情况,对构建我国动物保护法律体系提出建议。     

聊城市城镇体系研究

从区域角度出发，运用定性与定量相结合的方法，论述了聊城市城镇体系的历史沿革、发展现状及未来优化；对聊城市城镇体系发展存在的问题及相应对策提出了初步见解。     

目前态势 未来趋势 粮食安全--关于我国粮食安全及其保障体系建设

一、目前我国粮食供求的态势从1999年以来,我国粮食连续4年减产,各年度的总产量小于总需求量,产不足销,需动用库存。由于国家粮食库存充裕,所以粮食总供给量还是大于需求量。据计算,从1999年到2002年全国粮食总需求量从47068万吨增长到48821万吨,粮食总需求量增长了1737万吨。同期,粮食总产量减少5079万吨,人均粮食占有量从387.3公斤下降到357公斤。目前在学术界以及实际工作部门,对中国粮食安全问题的看法见仁见智,大相径庭:有的认为,中国粮食问题已经过关了,现在主要矛盾是挣钱,有钱就有粮,说什么“中国吃粮不用怕,外国有个加拿大”。在这…     

我国海洋管理体制改革的方向及目标模式探讨

本文首先分析了我国目前海洋管理体制的主要弊端,在此基础上提出了我国海洋管理体制改革的具体方向和目标模式——建立海洋综合协调管理系统。     

渔业船舶报废制度的效果分析

本文调查、分析了我国渔业船舶报废制度实施的效果,结合我国汽车报废的实践,提出了改进我国渔业船舶报废管理的建议。     

我国征地补偿制度改革探讨

土地征用制度是我国一项基本土地制度，征地过程是集体土地转变为国有土地的所有权转变过程，强制性和补偿性是其两个基本特征，但现行征地补偿范围和补偿标准仍是计划经济思路，已产生了诸多问题，对其进行改革实为必要；透视了我国现行征地补偿制度的特点和缺陷，在分析评价当前改革观点和实践尝试的基础上，提出了生存权补偿概念并给出了其计算模型，提出了按土地评估价格全额补偿的理念并探讨了其保障体系建设。     

地质勘查资质管理体制的历史沿革和未来选择

地质勘查资质管理是国土资源管理部门履行地质勘查行业管理职能的重要组成部分。对内资地质勘查资质管理经历了完全计划经济阶段、多头管理阶段和资质统一归口管理阶段;对外资地质勘查资质管理经历了外商无地质勘查资质阶段、鼓励外商办理地质勘查资质阶段和外商地质勘查资质规范化管理阶段。未来的地质勘查资质管理将不再区分内资和外资,而对于资质审批目前存在两种选择,一种是地方管理,另一种是行业协会管理。无论采取哪种管理方式,都需要以法律形式进行规制。     

论湿地生态经济系统优化

湿地与人类的经济活动构成湿地生态经济系统；通过对湿地生态经济系统的结构与功能的分析，针对我国湿地生态经济系统恶化的原因，提出了优化湿地生态经济系统的对策。     

上海市港城系统协调发展水平研究

论文运用主成分分析和回归分析相结合的方法,建立上海港城系统协调发展的评价指标体系,并借助隶属函数协调度模型评价上海市港城系统的协调发展状况.研究表明：20年来上海市港城间总体保持着优质的协调关系,但不同时期会有波动;目前港城发展脱离趋势凸显,上海城市正处于“脱港而强”的发展阶段;面对未来,应积极抓住自贸区的发展契机,促进港城协调,最终实现“带港共荣”.