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1.
    
Traditional rural biotopes (TRBs) are semi-natural farmland habitats of high nature value formed through traditional agricultural activities, such as grazing and fodder collection. The aims of this study were to 1) understand manager motivations for managing TRBs and their attitudes toward TRB conservation and 2) determine whether TRB managers differ in attitude, motivation for management, experiences or area under management depending on whether their managed TRBs are integrated or separate from their farming systems. Farmers and landowners (N = 27) managing TRBs in coastal Finland were interviewed. In addition to quantitative analysis, responses were mapped with DebateGraph for inductive analysis to discern patterns amongst the two groups and to explore a series of questions related to motivations. Although area under management and farming strategy varied amongst managers, they all had a positive view toward the existential value of TRBs. A small group of “TRB entrepreneurs”, whose farming strategy was based on grazing primarily rented TRBs was identified. Their farming income was dependent upon direct sale of meat and participation in agri-environmental scheme for TRB management. Desire for open landscape was the primary motivation for managing TRBs and strongly outweighed extrinsic values such as fodder production and AES. Higher TRB: farm ratio was associated with more positive attitude toward TRBs and TRB conservation. No difference was found in motivation for management between the two farmer groups. Although motivations were similar, improved and tailored extension services for TRB managers could promote their conservation management.  相似文献   

2.
    
The protection of agricultural land and forests is a relatively new concept in Poland, and it began with forest protection in the 1920s. The first regulations on the protection of agricultural land were introduced only in the 1960s. Agricultural land and forests received comprehensive protection pursuant to the provisions of the Act of 26 October 1977 on the protection of agricultural land, forests and land recultivation. This legal act set the foundations for the protection of farmland and forests in successive decades.The aim of this study was to determine the influence of farmland and forest protection on spatial planning and to highlight the loss of agricultural and forest land resulting from conversion to other purposes. Legal regulations pertaining to spatial planning and the protection of agricultural and land forests were analysed. The scale of the problem was identified, and future land-use types were forecast based on the data developed by Statistics Poland (GUS). The existing spatial plans (municipal master plan - MMP) were analysed to determine the conversion loss index (CLI) associated with the conversion of agricultural land and forests to other uses. Legal regulations pertaining to the protection of agricultural land and forests were also analysed, and the extent of the relevant conversion measures was determined. The study demonstrated that urban development and the inevitable urbanization of rural areas contribute to the loss of agricultural and forest land that are converted to other uses.  相似文献   

3.
    
The impact of farmland under agricultural conservation easement (ACE) contract on the values of nearby residential properties is investigated using housing sales data in two Pennsylvania counties. ACE-protected farmland had a positive impact on nearby property values in one study county but a negative impact in the other. The paper also looks at the impact of forest land use, and discovers that preserved forest land had a positive impact on the nearby property values in both counties. House prices showed strong spatial correlation in both counties, and a spatial error components (SEC) model fit the data better than the OLS model, a spatial-lag model (SLM), or a spatial autoregressive error model (SEM). Geographically weighted regression (GWR) showed that the impact of ACE-protected farmland on nearby property values varied within one of the two study counties, with positive impacts in some parts of the county and negative impacts in other parts. The impact of forest cover on property values also varied, with positive impacts within both counties. A new hybrid GWR-SEC model is introduced that incorporates both spatial correlation in prices and spatial heterogeneity in the model parameters. Statistical goodness of fit measures showed that the GWR-SEC model fit better than the GWR model or a hybrid GWR-SEM model.  相似文献   

4.
中国农地征转用的价格增值分析   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
研究目的:农地征转用过程中的土地价格变化及其对农民利益的影响。研究方法:实证研究。研究结果:利用1990年以来的国家建设征地数据和农地产值、城市基准地价等数据,测算出1990—2003年间,农民集体在土地征收环节的贡献值约2.5万亿元;经济发展落后地区与东部经济较发达地区相比,经济发展落后地区被征地农民的利益损失更为严重。研究结论:现行征地补偿制度对农民利益损害严重,应推进征地补偿方式和补偿标准改革。  相似文献   

5.
Norwegian agriculture has, as in most western-European countries, gone through several periods of change during the last 100 years. Pronounced changes have occurred in production systems and the spatial organisation of farm land, as well as agricultural policy. During the last 50 years, official statistics document a marked decline in the number of active farms. This decline has caused concern, as Norway traditionally has had an agricultural policy that emphasises self-sufficiency and rural settlement. Yet statistics also show that the amount of agricultural land in use has remained the same. This is usually explained through a larger proportion of tenanted land, as technological progress has allowed production levels to be maintained with a smaller workforce. Studies elsewhere in Europe show, however, that tenancy may not promote the same levels of investment and landscape management as owner occupation.  相似文献   

6.
汤青  徐勇  刘毅 《中国土地科学》2010,24(10):46-51
研究目的:分析广东省1996—2008年土地利用变化趋势和特征,划分快速型、中速型、慢速型和稳定型4种土地利用变化类型,探讨土地利用变化与城市化和工业化耦合关系。研究方法:GIS技术,统计分析与耦合分析方法。研究结果:珠江三角洲地区土地利用变化剧烈,粤东地区次之,粤西地区和北部山区相对稳定;城市化、产业非农化与综合土地利用动态度有较高一致性,表现出良好的正相关性。土地利用变化越剧烈的地区,其城市化进程和工业化进程对土地利用变化的影响越大;处于城市化加速和完成阶段、工业化中期和后期的县市区土地利用变化剧烈。研究结论:城市化和工业化的迅速发展是导致土地利用变化的重要因素,必须通过掌握广东省土地利用变化的时空分异及其与城市化、工业化耦合关系,合理调控未来各区域土地利用发展方向。  相似文献   

7.
从上地资源总价值理论,阐述农用地转用价格的内涵,认为农用土地转用价格应是在一定的社会经济条件下,农用土地转为建设用地时,对农地资源的使用价值和非使用价值都进行补偿的农用土地价格。根据广西柳州市农用土地定级估价更新研究成果,探讨了农用土地转用价格的评估方法,通过农用土地基准地价评估来确定农用土地直接使用价值的价格,又通过将农用土地的存在对农民所具有的社会保障价值和为社会提供粮食安全作用而产生的社会稳定功能所具有的价值的量化,估计农用土地非使用价值的价格。  相似文献   

8.
9.
我国农地利用的结构性障碍在于耕地和林地所占比重偏低,而牧草地比重偏高:优质高产地比重偏低且减少较快;林牧用地结构不合理,植被覆盖率低一我们应往农产品供给和生态环境建设相协调的目标导引下.本着以林地为基础,以耕地为中心,以园地为辅助,以草地为依托,以水域为保障的原则进行农地利用优化配置。还必须通过对农业用地空间布局进行优化调整,进一步改善土地景观格局.增加环境容量.实现农业土地利用在产业发展和生态重建方面的双重功效。  相似文献   

10.
农地非农化是城市化和工业化发展的必然产物.在分析农地非农化实质的基础上,探讨了农地转用价格过低的原因,认为要充分考虑到农地的生态价值、社会价值、选择价值以及产权意义上的价值,把农地的正外部效应充分内化,修正扭曲的农地资源价格体系,在一定程度上可以抑制非农用地的数量.运用农地非农化土地一级市场的模型,认为存在农转非市场失灵,政府要在多目标决策的前提下进行干预,通过提高价格来降低农地市场供给曲线的弹性,从而起到控制农地非农化的数量.  相似文献   

11.
农地征收价格构成与土地增值的关系   总被引:12,自引:1,他引:12  
研究目的:确定适用于社会主义市场经济条件下的农地征收价格构成及土地增值空间。研究方法:文献资料法和数理统计方法。研究结果:(1)以被征地方为研究对象,从产权和消费者行为理论角度,确定农地征收价格构成。(2)以政府为对象,进行农地转为建设用地的成本收益分析,确定土地增值空间。研究结论:(1)社会主义市场经济条件下,以农地为对象,不考虑“经济人”特点确定的农地征收价格是不完整的;(2)农地社会保障价格是农地征收价格的组成部分,其实质不是土地增值;(3)根据产权理论,政府正在逐渐还原农地征收价格。  相似文献   

12.
浙江省1996 — 2005年土地利用变化分析   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
研究目的:依据浙江省土地概查、土地详查、土地变更调查、土地更新调查成果,分析不同时段土地利用状况,构建浙江省1996 — 2005年“土地利用转移矩阵”,分析各种地类变化情况,为土地利用总体规划修编和实施“以图管地”新机制提供决策依据。研究方法:文献分析法,实证分析法。研究结论:1996 — 2005年,浙江省农业结构调整、生态退耕、农田基础设施建设累计占耕地减少面积的59.39%,城乡居民点及独立工矿、交通、水利等建设占用耕地占37.65%。浙江省优质耕地与快速城市化区域在空间分布上高度重合,必须科学地编制与实施省、市、县、乡4级土地利用总体规划,协调保护耕地与保障城乡建设用地需求间的关系,调控土地利用方向。  相似文献   

13.
黄淮海平原地下水危机下的耕地资源可持续利用   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
研究目的:基于多数据源计算黄淮海平原地下水位平均下降速度,揭示该地区地下水快速下降机理,提出水资源限制下的耕地可持续利用对策。研究方法:根据收集的黄淮海平原266个地下水位下降速度样本点和5个典型城市地下水位长期监测点,由克里格插值得到区域地下水位平均下降速度,并采用空间分析的方法叠加2012年耕地分布图,分析不同地下水下降速度在9个子生态区对应的耕地分布情况。研究结果:1980年以来,黄淮海平原地下水以浅层0.46±0.37 m/年,深层1.14±0.58 m/年的速度下降,成为世界上面积最大的地下水漏斗区。造成地下水快速下降的主要原因是区域粮食增产和一年两熟种植制度下小麦播种面积的增加导致的大面积、高强度的井灌方式。根据地下水资源危机程度,将黄淮海平原划分为休养调整区、强度降低区、生态保护区和潜力提升区4个耕地利用调整区划。研究结论:黄淮海平原高集约高投入的耕地利用方式不可持续,在区域地下水危机的情况下,应降低超采区的耕地利用强度,同时提升潜力区的耕地生产潜力,实现耕地生产、生态质量协同提升,在保障粮食安全和生态安全的前提下实现耕地资源可持续利用。  相似文献   

14.
以河北省赤城县土地利用更新调查为例,对我国现行土地利用分类体系中所存在的问题进行探讨,并提出了解决方案,以期加强现行土地利用分类标准在实际调查中的可操作性,促进"城乡一体"、"一查多用"的现代多用途的地籍发展,使之更好的为国土部门服务.  相似文献   

15.
    
Chinese agricultural output has been multiple under the intensive input of production factors since the reform and opening-up. Such a growth pattern that realizes high output through high input results in increasingly prominent environmental pollution problems. Considering the provincial panel data in China during 1978–2017 as the research units and taking agriculture in broad sense as the study object, the agricultural eco-efficiency (AEE) was measured by the Super-SBM Model, and the influencing factors were screened out from agricultural basic condition, agricultural industrial structure, agricultural development potential and agricultural input strength. The findings indicated that agricultural expected output and unexpected output were synchronously increased, while the change of input factors was totally different and gradually transferred to materiality from resources. In 1978–2017, AEE was increased to 0.713 from 0.405, with an increase of about 76%. And it approximately underwent four stages, including free development, reform promotion, market regulation and policy incentives. Under the resource restraint and policy incentives, AEE showed that Northeast, East and South China were higher than the national average level. North and Central China basically fitted for the national average level, and Southwest and Northwest China were lower than the national average level. Also, it was successively present in some spatial characteristics including polarization, differentiation, agglomeration and reconstruction on the provincial scale. The magnitude and direction of influencing factors indicated that the introduction of subsidy policies for compound fertilizers, an increase of farmers’ incomes, optimization of agricultural plantation structure, and maintenance of stable agricultural product prices could effectively improve AEE.  相似文献   

16.
秀山自治县土地整治生态系统服务价值响应研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
研究目的:对土地整治活动造成的生态系统价值变化进行定量显化,为土地整治项目规划设计以及生态效益评价提供依据。研究方法:市场价值法、水量平衡法、影子价格法、影子工程法。研究结果:在案例研究区域,土地整治后由耕地面积增加带来的生态系统服务价值的增加量为5765615.97元/年,而由滩涂和荒草地面积减少带来的生态系统服务价值的减少量为6050859.87元/年,二者相抵后,案例区由土地整治引起生态系统服务价值减少了285243.90元/年。研究结论:土地整治中土地利用类型的转换造成了各单项生态系统功能的价值及总价值的变化。  相似文献   

17.
晋中市基本农田保护与建设用地增长面临的问题及其对策   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
晋中市基本农田面临着高保护率要求与高保护压力在地区上的一致性,生态退耕,独立工矿用地面积大、增速快,农村居民点用地持续增长等方面的矛盾。晋中市农村建设用地亟待整合盘活、城镇存量用地规模较大,城乡建设用地体制性矛盾突出。为此,迫切需要采取适当核减基本农田面积,重点提升基本农田质量,统筹城乡用地管理,推进城乡用地结构优化,坚持集约用地,保证重点用地等一系列对策措施。  相似文献   

18.
以河北省赤城县土地利用更新调查为例,对我国现行土地利用分类体系中所存在的问题进行探讨,并提出了解决方案,以期加强现行土地利用分类标准在实际调查中的可操作性,促进“城乡一体”、“一查多用”的现代多用途的地籍发展,使之更好的为国土部门服务。  相似文献   

19.
重庆市耕地保护区域补偿标准研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研究目的:应用资源环境经济学理论,研究设计耕地资源价值体系及其测算方法,定量测算重庆市耕地保护区域补偿标准。研究方法:定量评估分析法和案例分析法。研究结果:2007年重庆市耕地资源价值为94.45元/m~2,其中经济产出价值5.33元/m~2,社会保障价值7.35元/m~2,发展权价值34.01元/m~2,国家粮食安全战略价值35.63元/m~2,生态环境价值12.13元/m~2。重庆市耕地保护区域补偿标准应为3.92元/m~2·a。研究结论:耕地资源价值涉及个人与社会2个权利主体,包括经济产出价值、社会保障价值、发展权价值、国家粮食安全战略价值和生态安全价值5个方面。制定耕地保护区域补偿标准是凸显耕地价值,有效实施耕地保护政策的关键。由于部分耕地资源价值已在市场交易中得到补偿,部分价值被耕地盈余区的耕地使用者享有,因而耕地保护补偿标准不是按照耕地价值进行完全补偿,而是对耕地保护机会成本损失的综合补偿。  相似文献   

20.
在界定区域耕地保护补偿的基础上,对农用地产能核算与区域耕地保护补偿机制的联系进行分析,并设计了基于农用地产能核算结果的区域耕地保护补偿机制技术路线和区域耕地保护补偿步骤。同时,根据设计的技术路线和补偿步骤,从政策层面和操作层面提出了构建完善区域耕地保护补偿机制的建议,以期为改善目前耕地数量和质量分割计算的耕地保护机制提供有益参考。  相似文献   

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