创生环境对科技型小微企业资源获取的影响研究

创生环境是科技型小微企业获取资源的重要渠道。在界定相关概念的基础上,通过量表开发程序,利用343家苏南地区新创科技型小微企业调查问卷,探讨了科技型小微企业创生环境关键要素、资源获取及政府支持行为的测量指标,并构建了创生环境影响关键资源获取的理论模型。实证分析表明,人才市场、创新服务中介、经济生活水平、创新创业政策制度和社会文化氛围对科技型小微企业资源获取有正向影响,且影响依次减弱;政府支持行为在创新创业政策、社会文化氛围与资源获取的关系间有调节作用。     

企业—城市两体双向互动效应对区域科技型人才储备的影响

企业—城市作为区域科技型人才储备的外部环境,对区域科技型人才储备具有重要影响。在论述科技型人才、区域科技型人才储备概念及特征的基础上,界定了企业—城市两体双向互动效应的含义及内容。从制度环境、文化环境、科技环境、经济环境4个方面探讨了企业—城市双向互动对区域科技型人才储备的作用机制;从生活环境、自然生态环境、企业组织环境3个方面探讨了企业—城市双向互补对区域科技型人才储备的作用机制;从互动与互补两方面分析了企业—城市两体双向互动效应对区域科技型人才储备的影响。     

企业环境创新:基于案例的研究

企业环境创新不能完全依赖外部机构或力量,企业可以作为主体主动影响、选择、改变与创新企业环境。通过对中部地区7家不同性质企业实地调查走访,分析了企业对环境创新的认知、途径及内外部环境创新的经验,得出了有益的结论和启示。     

影响管理会计运行的原因

管理会计与企业外部环境具有十分密切的联系,外部环境直接影响着管理会计能否得到普遍应用。在现实经济生活中,外部环境主要指经济体制环境、法律环境和文化环境。     

人力资源角度的外部环境分析

组织作为环境中的一个主体,需要随时与外界环境进行物质、能量、信息的交换,只有了解外部环境,与外界环境中的其他主体有共生的机制,才能实现生存和发展。人力资源是知识经济下的第一资源,其在企业中的地位越来越重要,进行外部环境分析时,有必要从人力资源的角度去审视。从人力资源的角度,分一般环境、具体环境及信息获取渠道三个部分,对外部环境分析进行了论述。     

科技资源要素的特征及作用机制

本文以科技资源要素为载体,依其创生主体的不同将其分为诱致性科技资源要素和强制性科技资源要素;基于系统论的基本原理对科技资源要素的系统结构和其具有的开放有序性、整体涌现性、等级层次性、动态演化性、自组织性及与环境的互塑共生性等特征进行分析;依据科技资源要素的相互作用关系对其内部运作机制进行系统分析。     

基于VIKOR法的科技型中小企业自主创新能力评价研究

以科技型中小企业自主创新能力内外部影响因素为依据,以VIKOR法作为评价方法对科技型中小企业自主创新能力进行综合评价。首先分析了包括政策环境、法律环境、社会服务环境、市场环境和金融环境的外部环境因素,以及包含自主创新研发能力、自主创新生产制造能力、自主创新管理能力、自主创新营销能力和自主创新风险防范能力的内部要素;然后根据科技型中小企业自主创新能力评价指标体系的设计原则,从企业内部和外部两个层面构建了科技型中小企业自主创新能力评价指标体系;最后运用VIKOR法对江苏省科技型中小企业自主创新能力进行了综合评价,并提出了提高科技型中小企业自主创新能力的对策建议。     

科技资源要素的特征及作用机制

本文以科技资源要素为载体，依其创生主体的不同将其分为诱致性科技资源要素和强制性科技资源要素；基于系统论的基本原理对科技资源要素的系统结构和其具有的开放有序性、整体涌现性、等级层次性、动态演化性、自组织性及与环境的互塑共生性等特征进行分析；依据科技资源要素的相互作用关系对其内部运作机制进行系统分析。     

河南省成长性民营科技企业的产生与政策演进

民营科技企业,是以科技人员为主体,以从事科学研究和技术开发、转让、咨询、服务、培训及技术密集型产品研制、生产、销售为主要业务的科技型经济实体,实行自筹资金、自愿组合、自主经营、自负盈亏的运行机制。它既包括实行集体、合作、股份制和个体、私营经济的民办科技型企业,也包括实行国有民营的科技型企业。     

科技型小微企业与科技型大企业协同创新策略研究

在对科技型小微企业协同创新主体关系进行分析的基础上,运用演化博弈理论构建科技型小微企业与科技型大企业协同创新动态演化博弈模型,分析博弈双方在创新中的动态演化过程。研究表明：博弈双方的技术研发整合转化能力、创新资源和企业文化、资源协同利用效应系数、协同创新的科技成本、协同创新的利润分配比例和协同创新的成功概率是影响科技型小微企业与科技型大企业协同创新的关键因素,在此基础上提出了协同创新策略。     

产业政策如何影响企业绩效：不同政策与作用路径是否存在影响差异?

文章将产业政策分成供给型、需求型与环境型,依托中国战略性新兴产业分析了不同政策通过政策资源的直接配置以及企业间配置两种作用路径对企业(产业)绩效的影响。研究发现：与供给型政策相结合的补贴行为通过以上两个路径抑制了企业绩效提升;产业政策对不同大小企业的影响存在差异,供给型政策资源的配置在小企业间并未呈现显著的集中特征,但在大企业间政策资源更为集中;供给型政策主要通过政策资源在企业间的配置路径降低大企业绩效,而通过补贴直接配置路径抑制小企业绩效提升;整体看环境型政策对投资、补贴等行为没有显著影响,但对大企业而言,其对政策资源在企业间的分散配置具有负向作用,而这一影响在小企业中则为促进作用。研究还发现,需求型政策有利于资源再配置,供给型政策则尚未显示出积极的资源再配置作用。     

路径依赖对公司数字创业的抑制及免疫机制研究

路径依赖是在位企业实现数字创业面临的必然挑战，而对企业如何有效利用内外部资源克服路径依赖，现有研究并未形成明确的观点。基于组织免疫理论，遵循抑制—免疫分析思路，从战略联盟和资源拼凑内外视角探究公司数字创业中克服路径依赖的免疫机制。实证结果表明，路径依赖对公司数字创业具有显著抑制作用；战略联盟与资源拼凑均能够对路径依赖的抑制作用产生免疫效应，但针对路径依赖的3个表现维度，战略联盟与资源拼凑发挥的免疫效应存在显著差异。     

Does the innovator role affect the perceived potential for growth? analysis of four types of new, technology-based firms

The present study analyzes interrelationships between systemic determinants, such as the technology applied by the firm, and the evolution of the firm. Four innovator roles of new, technology-based firms are analyzed: application innovators, market innovators, technology innovators and paradigm innovators. The analysis of an empirical sample of 392 new, technology-based firms in Finland finds that application innovators and technology innovators are the oldest and largest among these four groups of firms. On the other hand, the largest potential for growth can be found among market innovators and paradigm innovators. The analysis also suggests that the contentions of the market-based approach to research on new, technology-based firms apply particularly well to application innovators and to market innovators. On the other hand, the contentions of a systemic approach to research on new, technology-based firms may be better suited to paradigm innovators and to technology innovators.     

National appropriation of university innovations: The failure of ink jet technologies in sweden

The present study analyzes interrelationships between systemic determinants, such as the technology applied by the firm, and the evolution of the firm. Four innovator roles of new, technology-based firms are analyzed: application innovators, market innovators, technology innovators and paradigm innovators. The analysis of an empirical sample of 392 new, technology-based firms in Finland finds that application innovators and technology innovators are the oldest and largest among these four groups of firms. On the other hand, the largest potential for growth can be found among market innovators and paradigm innovators. The analysis also suggests that the contentions of the market-based approach to research on new, technology-based firms apply particularly well to application innovators and to market innovators. On the other hand, the contentions of a systemic approach to research on new, technology-based firms may be better suited to paradigm innovators and to technology innovators.     

网络与集群互补视角下企业技术创新影响机制研究

已有文献指出企业外部资源和信息是创新的重要支持，需要进一步深入研究企业创新外部联系机制中各种因素如何影响企业创新以及它们之间如何互补或配置。企业技术创新的网络机制和集群机制是目前文献中认为最重要的企业创新外部联系机制，尽管网络机制和集群机制沿着不同轨迹发展并且有其局限性，但是网络和集群也许可以发挥互补作用或扮演相互替代角色，更好地作用于企业技术创新。列出了创新障碍因素及促进因素以量化企业创新过程，通过解析网络和集群对企业创新过程的影响机制，提供了一个更加丰富、细致的理论框架，可以解释外部变量如何促进或者阻碍企业技术创新。然后，分析两者如何通过互补克服局限性，更好地促进企业创新。最后，引入集群与网络活力变量，探讨在集群和网络不同发展阶段外部联系对企业创新影响的变迁与演化。     

基于资源观的中国新创企业早期成长影响因子与战略绩效分析——基于深圳中小企业板的研究证据

本研究在资源基础观理论基础上建立了一个新创企业资源一成长战略～绩效的研究模型,并以深圳中小企业板2007年之前上市的102家上市新创企业为研究对象进行了相关实证研究。其主要研究结论为：（1）中国新创企业的资源差异对企业绩效有直接影响。其中,实物资源与企业盈利性、成长性呈正相关;财务资源与企业成长性呈正相关;声誉资源与企业盈利性呈正相关：人力资源与企业盈利性、成长性呈正相关。（2）新创企业的资源差异对其选择的成长战略有显著影响。有形资源和人力资源丰富的新创企业倾向于采用市场拉动战略．而无形资源丰富的新创企业则倾向于采用创新推动战略。（3）处于不同行业的新创企业,在成长战略方面存在显著差异,高科技行业的企业更多采用创新推动战略,而非高科技行业的企业则更多采用市场拉动战略。但不同行业的企业在企业绩效的盈利性和成长性方面并不存在显著差异。     

Sectoral Patterns of Interactive Learning: An Empirical Exploration of a Case in a Dutch Region

This paper pursues the development of a theoretical framework that explains interactive learning between innovator firms and external actors in both the knowledge infrastructure and the production chain. The research question is: What kinds of factors explain the interactive learning of innovator firms with distinct external actors? Our theoretical framework extends the resource-based perspective, which is predominant in network theory, with both an activity-based and a structural account of interactive learning. We contend basically that higher technological dynamics induce more complex innovative activities. But, more complex innovative activities increase the probability of internal resource deficits/shortages in the innovator firms. The lower the alignment of the innovative activities with the quality of the internal resource base, the higher the resource deficits/shortages and the more likely the search for complementary resources externally, which increases the likeliness of external relationships. In order to test the generality of our theoretical claims we analyse our models in four sectors with distinct technological dynamics as distinguished by Pavitt. For each sector we explore five models of the level of interactive learning of innovator firms with: (1) the public knowledge infrastructure (difficult to access, demands high internal competencies to utilize scientific knowledge), (2) the production chain (easy to access), (3) their users, (4) their suppliers, (5) their competitors. These analyses allow for a comparison between interactive learning with different external actors and give deeper insights into the differentiated interaction patterns involving innovation. Our findings show that patterns of interactive learning between sectors differ. Some are more resource based and others are more affected by the complexity of innovative activities. Particularly the patterns of interactive learning between, on the one hand, firms and the knowledge infrastructure, and on the other hand of firms with the production chain show important differences.     

董监高任职网络如何助推企业技术创新——基于同群效应视角

基于同群效应理论视角构建董监高任职网络,利用2010—2021年沪深A股上市公司样本,研究焦点企业的技术创新行为是否受到同群企业技术创新的影响,即董监高任职网络中是否存在企业技术创新同群效应,并进一步分析传导机制。研究结果表明：第一,同群企业的技术创新对焦点企业技术创新有显著促进作用。第二,同群企业技术创新通过激发焦点企业创新动机、优化焦点企业创新过程来促进焦点企业创新。第三,由于基于网络关联的内部信息渠道与外部信息渠道存在替代关系,董监高任职网络中的同群效应在外部信息环境较差时发挥更大作用。本文基于新的网络视角深化和丰富了企业创新同群效应及其机制研究,为创新重要性日益突出、企业联结日益密切背景下的企业技术创新提供了政策新思路。     

Sectoral Patterns of Interactive Learning: An Empirical Exploration of a Case in a Dutch Region

This paper pursues the development of a theoretical framework that explains interactive learning between innovator firms and external actors in both the knowledge infrastructure and the production chain. The research question is: What kinds of factors explain the interactive learning of innovator firms with distinct external actors? Our theoretical framework extends the resource-based perspective, which is predominant in network theory, with both an activity-based and a structural account of interactive learning. We contend basically that higher technological dynamics induce more complex innovative activities. But, more complex innovative activities increase the probability of internal resource deficits/shortages in the innovator firms. The lower the alignment of the innovative activities with the quality of the internal resource base, the higher the resource deficits/shortages and the more likely the search for complementary resources externally, which increases the likeliness of external relationships. In order to test the generality of our theoretical claims we analyse our models in four sectors with distinct technological dynamics as distinguished by Pavitt. For each sector we explore five models of the level of interactive learning of innovator firms with: (1) the public knowledge infrastructure (difficult to access, demands high internal competencies to utilize scientific knowledge), (2) the production chain (easy to access), (3) their users, (4) their suppliers, (5) their competitors. These analyses allow for a comparison between interactive learning with different external actors and give deeper insights into the differentiated interaction patterns involving innovation. Our findings show that patterns of interactive learning between sectors differ. Some are more resource based and others are more affected by the complexity of innovative activities. Particularly the patterns of interactive learning between, on the one hand, firms and the knowledge infrastructure, and on the other hand of firms with the production chain show important differences.     

The business environment and Moroccan firm productivity

The paper focuses on the role of the business environment in understanding differences in the total factor productivity of Moroccan firms. The business environment is captured by measures which include the investment climate in which firms operate, i.e. access to credit, regulatory and institutional environment and infrastructure. The evidence on the relationship between credit and productivity is strongly indicative of credit resources misallocation in Morocco. We also find that, heavier bureaucracy and differences in regulations appear to have a negative effect on firm productivity. This last result is particularly relevant for small firms, and/or those that do not export and/or those with no access to foreign capital.