城乡一体化下人地挂钩的制度创新与运行模式

文章界定了人地挂钩制度的内涵及创新性,分析了人地挂钩制度在宏微观定位、要素流动、主体权益保障等方面的功能,提出了制度运行中城镇化率增长匹配的行政配置模式、地随人走的市场化配置模式、考虑时空异质性下市场与行政干预相结合的运行模式。立足城市新市民、城市原市民、迁入地企业、迁入迁出地地方政府、中央政府等不同参与主体,分析了人地挂钩制度的个人、社会、政治成本及收益。从制度结构角度,提出人财挂钩制度、社会保障制度、土地确权等法律制度、非正式制度对人地挂钩的制度耦合与配套。     

“四化同步”下的农村土地经营模式探索——基于广东湛江的实践

工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化等"四化同步"的不断推进,将推动城乡之间要素相互融合、实现优化配置。处于"四化"交集的农村土地经营模式也将发生变革。在分析农地利益相关者改革愿望的基础上,对湛江农村土地经营创新的四种模式,即土地综合整治模式、土地规模化经营模式、承包经营权资本化模式和土地流转模式的做法、效果和问题进行了分析。结果显示,村集体经济组织是农村土地经营模式创新的组织保障,农地所有权、承包权和经营权实现分置是土地经营制度创新的产权基础,而保障农民的发展权是实现土地创新的群众基础。     

中国新型城镇化发展路径创新——基于人地协调视角

该文从人地协调发展的视角梳理了中国传统城镇化发展过程,发现我国传统城镇化存在城市规模膨胀与生态环境恶化问题突出,高城镇化率与居民生活水平提高不吻合,人口城镇化与土地城镇化发展失衡,城镇空间分布与资源环境承载能力不匹配,以及城市规模标准提高与城市发展趋势相悖等五组矛盾。在此基础上从经济发展模式创新、城镇结构创新、政府观念创新和生态文化创兴四个方面提出了新型城镇化发展的优化路径。     

新型城镇化进程中农业转移人口市民化问题研究——以石家庄市为例

实现农业转移人口市民化是提高城镇化质量的本质要求。本文从新型城镇化进程中石家庄市农业转移人口市民化呈现出的新趋势和新特征出发,深入分析了农业转移人口市民化面临的困难与问题,进而从强化产业支撑、加强职业技能培训、完善社保制度、创新土地流转机制以及积极发挥城市社区和志愿者作用等方面提出了有序推进农业转移人口市民化的对策建议。     

大城市周边农村城镇化政策创新研究——以天津市为例

我国自改革开放以来经历了世界经济史上最大规模的农村人口向城镇的转移过程,从而也形成了世界上速度最快的城镇化进程。然而城镇化进程开展至今,各项政策逐渐遭遇瓶颈,现有政策的改进和创新变得迫切重要。在这方面,天津市探索出"宅基地换房"——"三区"联动发展——"三改一化"——农村金融改革创新的"四步法"建设新型小城镇的过程,形成了被称为天津模式的农村城镇化新思路。文章提出,大城市周边农村城镇化,可借鉴天津经验,从制定农村城镇化发展规划、深化土地管理制度改革、深化户籍管理制度改革、深化农村金融体制改革等方面加强政策创新。     

我国新型城镇化背景下农民土地财产性收益研究进展

寻求农民土地财产性收益途径对于促进新型城镇化实现具有重要意义。文章系统总结我国新型城镇化背景下农民土地财产性收益研究成果,探讨未来农民土地财产性收益研究的重点方向。现有研究对传统城镇化过程中的失衡问题、新型城镇化的理论内涵解读,农民土地财产性收益对于促进新型城镇化发展的关键作用探索,新型城镇化背景下农民土地财产性收益实现渠道等方面取得了丰富的成果。但总体而言,现有研究多从人或者物单要素的视角,侧重于集体建设用地、农用地等某一来源渠道,而将人地双要素城镇化作为相互支撑的整体的研究较少,对新型城镇化背景下农民土地财产性收益实现的基础理论研究不够深入、对农民土地财产性收入渠道模式总结与城镇化发展的阶段需求结合不够紧密。未来研究需加强新型城镇化与农民土地财产性收益增值的机理探讨、模式概括与途径探索等方面研究。     

浅析农业转移人口市民化过程中的社会成本

随着新型城镇化进程的快速推进,大量农业转移人口摆脱土地进入城市,并逐步实现"四融入"即个人融入企业、家庭融入社区、子女融入学校、群体融入社会,逐步实现了由农业转移人口向市民的转变。这一过程既是落实十八届三中全会"推进以人为核心的城镇化",逐步提高农民自身素质和社会价值的过程,也是对城市各产业的承载能力和社会成本分摊机制的考验。     

有序推进农业转移人口市民化的障碍及其对策研究——以江苏为例

有序推进农业转移人口市民化是党中央、国务院在新的历史条件下提出的推进我国新型城镇化战略的一个重大举措。我国在特定历史背景下形成的以"农民非农化"+"农民工市民化"为基本路径的"两步转移"的农业转移人口市民化模式,制造了同城不同权的公民权利壁垒,导致了虚假城镇化率,限制了内需的扩大,影响了城市活力。从根源上看,在于农业转移人口市民化的制度创新依然嵌入于根深蒂固的城乡二元利益与制度格局。为此,作者提出有序推进农业转移人口市民化的对策建议:一是坚持分类指导,有序推进农业转移人口市民化;二是建立合理的财政分摊机制,强化对农业转移人口市民化的财政投入;三是强化输入地政府属地管理责任,加快实现基本公共服务均等化;四是创新农业转移人口承包土地和宅基地流转机制,切实保护农业转移人口的土地权益;五是加快推进户籍、住房保障、社会保险等配套改革,构建有利于推进农业转移人口市民化的制度环境。     

重庆市新型城镇化发展质量评价与比较分析

基于对新型城镇化发展内涵的理解,运用AHP层次分析法,构建包括城镇化发展水平和效率两个子系统的新型城镇化发展质量评价指标体系,采用重庆市1996—2014年统计年鉴数据,通过计算机拟合计算并根据结果对重庆市城镇化发展质量进行综合测评,将重庆市与其他中心城市的城镇化发展质量结果进行横向比较分析。研究表明:新型城镇化发展质量应综合考察人口、土地、产业城镇化水平和经济增长贡献率、发展要素产出率、社会发展质量、生态环境质量等城镇化效率及其区域协同程度;重庆市新型城镇化发展质量虽然在快速提高,但仍远落后于东部中心城市;重庆市的人口、土地、产业发展要素与资源利用方式、生态环境之间匹配度相对较好,可持续发展潜力较大,应加快转变发展方式,优化要素配置和城镇体系格局,推进城乡统筹进程,不断提高城镇化发展质量。     

黑龙江省城市化过程中农地制度与农民社会保障制度的影响分析

20世纪90年代中期以来,随着中国城市化进程的快速发展,渐进式改革所带来的矛盾开始凸显。城市扩张对于农村土地的占用致使大量农民失去土地,且由于不合理的征地制度未得到合理、有效的补偿,大量进城农民工由于被排斥在城市社会保障制度之外而成为"弱势群体",而以土地保障功能为主的均分的农地制度安排使他们很难切断与农村土地的关系,只能采取"离乡不放土、迁移不迁居"的迁移模式。改革开放30年来,黑龙江省城市化进程发展迅速,但是快速城市化过程中也存在着农业资源(土地、劳动力等)转移与农民权益保护的冲突,它反映出我国现行的城乡分割的农地制度、社会保障制度已不能适应城市化快速、协调发展的要求,农地制度、社会保障制度改革势在必行。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...