国有企业与非国有企业技术效率的比较

本文基于2000～2009年工业细分行业的面板数据,运用随机前沿分析法(SFA)模型测算了36个工业细分行业国有企业和非国有企业10年间的年度技术效率,并综合考察了其影响因素。研究发现:2000～2009年,国有企业的技术效率已经赶上并超过非国有企业;继续深化国有企业改革,有利于促进企业提高技术效率。     

竞争战略、技术效率与公司绩效——来自中国制造业上市公司的经验证据

笔者基于283家中国制造业上市公司1999年～2006年的面板数据,利用因子分析,识别出上市公司低成本和差异化这两种竞争战略,并在此基础上考察了竞争战略、技术效率与公司绩效三者之间的关系。研究结果表明,低成本战略与技术效率、公司绩效之间呈显著正相关关系;差异化战略与公司绩效显著正相关且短期内与技术效率呈显著负相关关系;技术效率与公司绩效之间呈显著正相关关系;低成本战略通过技术效率作用于公司绩效的传导机制作用显著,而差异化战略是否通过提升技术效率改进公司绩效的机制未得到证实。     

所有制歧视约束下的中国科技金融效率研究

将所有制歧视约束纳入科技金融投入产出分析框架，假定科技金融活动中“过去掌握的技术不会遗忘”，运用Sequential DEA Malmquist方法，对2000-2014年中国省域和制造业细分行业的科技金融效率进行了估算和异质性考察。结果表明：①未考虑所有制歧视约束下的测算会出现显著高估，不能反映中国科技金融效率的真实水平；②区域层面考察发现，科技金融效率增长速度东部地区>中部地区>西部地区>东北地区，且这种增长主要得益于技术效率提升；③制造业细分行业考察发现，整体科技金融效率稳步提升，但主要得益于技术进步的提高，技术效率进一步改进的空间非常大，与中低技术制造业相比，中高技术制造业面临的所有制歧视约束更为严重，可能的原因是存在“双重挤出效应”。     

我国区域文化产业技术效率研究——基于随机前沿分析模型的视角

本文采用随机前沿分析模型对我国30个省市1998-2012年的面板数据进行区域性划分,考察规模因素、环境因素以及文化体制改革因素对我国区域文化产业技术效率水平的影响程度.结果表明,我国文化产业平均技术效率水平仅为0.603,且四大区域间文化产业技术效率水平差别显著,从整体上看,地区相对文化市场需求、城镇化、信息化、政府财政支持和文化事业机构情况等因素对我国文化产业技术效率影响显著,但从区域来看,各因素对文化产业技术效率的影响有所差别.     

中国乡镇企业生产效率格局及重心轨迹演变

乡镇企业生产效率事关乡村发展及城乡融合进程。基于1990—2016年乡镇企业生产投入、产出相关数据,综合运用DEA模型、GIS空间分析及经济重心等研究方法,考察中国乡镇企业生产效率格局演变及其移动路径。研究显示:中国乡镇企业生产效率具有以下特征:①整个研究期内,3个效率指标均值基本呈波动下行发展态势;②综合技术效率偏低,纯技术效率水平略高,规模技术效率得分最高,且不同研究单元差异显著;③从三大空间效率均值排序来看,综合技术效率为东、中、西部,纯技术效率为东、西、中部,规模技术效率则较为随机;④综合技术效率和纯技术效率重心转移方向先后经历由东南向西南的演变,最终转移方向为东北。     

贸易开放对我国不同区域技术效率的影响——基于省际面板数据的实证

贸易开放是影响区域技术效率的重要因素.本文运用DEA分析方法对我国2001-2010年区域技术效率及其变化特征进行了分析并在此基础上利用30个省(市、自治区)的面板数据,运用D0LS方法从总体和地区分组两个层面分别考察了贸易开放对区域技术效率的影响.研究表明,总体样本中出口和FDI对区域技术效率均不具有促进作用,但进口对技术效率均具有正向影响;而在区域分组中,出口和进口对中部地区技术效率均具有促进作用.本文深入分析了上述现象的原因并得出相应的启示以资借鉴.     

我国工业区际转移对区域技术效率的影响研究

人们对产业转移的研究开展较早,但是较少有人研究产业转移对转出地和承接地技术效率的影响。文章以工业总产值占全国比重的变化来代表相对产业转移,以1990—2011年中国30个省份的数据为研究对象,考察产业转移对地区技术效率的影响。研究结果表明:技术效率从高到低依次为:东部、东北、中部和西部地区。处于东部和中部地区的省份,其工业产值占全国比重的上升会使其技术效率恶化,但是位于西部地区省份的效率水平会随着比重的上升而提高。     

农村金融支持对农业技术效率影响的实证分析--以东部地区为例

采用超越对数型生产函数的随机前沿模型,基于我国东部11个省份2000—2010年的面板数据,应用随机前沿分析模型实证考察了我国东部各省农业技术效率水平及农村金融支持对其影响。研究表明：我国东部地区的农业技术增长主要靠资本以及劳动力拉动,但是劳动力的增加其对农业技术增长的边际影响逐步减少。农村合作机构对中国农业技术效率的提高有着明显的促进作用,但是政策性金融支持以及农业银行对农业技术效率的作用不显著。     

中国棉花生产技术效率及其影响因素分析

深入分析我国棉花生产技术效率及其影响因素,对于稳定和提高棉花产量、保障国民经济健康发展有着重要意义.本文首先对我国12个主产省棉花生产的技术效率进行测算,并重点考察了其时序波动和地区差异特征;其次探讨了棉花生产技术效率的主要影响因素,通过构建计量模型,对可能的影响因素进行了回归分析.结果表明,2001-2009年,我国棉花生产技术效率的区域差异和时序波动特征明显,西北棉区技术效率最高且波动最小,其次是黄河流域棉区,长江流域棉区技术效率最低且波动最剧烈;适度规模经营、农民受教育程度、农业科技人员数量和非农产业发展对棉花生产的技术效率有正效应,非农人口比例和异常天气的负面影响较大.文章最后给出了相应的政策建议.     

基于NSBM-ML模型的中国电力行业技术效率和全要素生产率研究

基于电力系统生产供应的内在机制和NSBM-ML模型,从经济、环境和社会三方面考察1995-2011年中国电力行业技术效率和全要素生产率.结果表明,中国电力行业经济技术效率明显高于环境和社会技术效率,发电环节效率普遍高于电网环节,反映了我国电力行业“重经济轻环境,重发电轻输配”的总体格局;电力集中输出的地区社会技术效率很低,体现了地区层面的“资源诅咒”现象;技术进步是电力行业全要素生产率提高的主要原因.根据研究结论,从新能源发电、电网建设、电力体制改革等方面提出四项政策建议.     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

Nonlinearity in Stock Exchange Markets: The Case of Bist 100 Indices

In this paper,using data for the Bist 100 index,we investigate the presence of nonlinearities by employing several nonlinearity tests.The Brock,Dechert,and Sche...     

Solidified Branding Function: How the Urban Brand Affects a Small Town’s Development? Case Study of Wangqingtuo,Tianjin, China

Chinese small towns are usually developed with single core industry,and the urban brand is the identity of a town that formed with the development of its indust...     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。