以色列产权改革的途径和前景

上世纪八九十年代,以色列政府对国有企业实施了一系列产权改革政策,开始由准社会主义体制向自由经济体制转型,其改革途径和模式对我国现阶段的国企产权改革有一定的借鉴作用。     

以色列农业发展经验对我国西北干旱区农业现代化的启示

农业现代化是我国农业发展的出路,而我国西北干旱区农业现代化进程比较缓慢。以色列农业现代化凭借高科技的支撑,完美的市场化操作,政府的全力支持顺利地实现。文章借鏊以色列农业现代化发展经验,结合我国西北干旱区农业现状,提出了相应的改进对策。     

How trade in ecotourism services can save nature: a policy scenario analysis

This article considers a developing country which is abundant in a non-renewable natural resource but scarce in industrial goods. The resource can be used for consumption or for exporting ecotourism services. The article examines scenarios in which technical progress, rising demand for tourism services and higher preferences for the environment reduce today's optimal depletion of the resource. Myopic behaviour and future terms-of-trade gains, however, encourage overexploitation of the resource. As a remedy, the article derives the socially optimal subsidy for the conservation of the resource and discusses North–South transfer schemes which save nature via trade in ecotourism services. Numerical examples suggest that under optimistic assumptions a subsidy rate of about 10% would suffice to preserve the natural resource in the developing country for the provision of tourism services. The resulting cost burden would represent less than 0.03% of the Northern GDP.     

以色列技术转移机构运行模式及其对中国的启示

以色列作为世界瞩目的创新创业圣地,拥有成熟高效的科研成果商业化体系,众多技术转移机构在其中扮演着连接学界和产业界的角色,其作用不容忽视。通过对比分析以色列依托大学、政府科研机构的技术转移机构,研究其在使命定位、主要业务、人才结构、科研人员激励、运营模式等方面的共性特征与经验做法。结合中国现阶段技术转移机构建设急需解决的问题与困境,给出以下启示与建议：加快技术转移机构建设、培养技术转移专业人才队伍、增强技术转移机构市场化程度、更好发挥技术转移联盟作用。     

以承接产业转移推动铜陵民营经济发展

皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区规划为安徽沿江城市迎来了全新的发展机遇。面临这一机遇,民营经济应该充分发挥自身优势,选准承接重点,积极主动作为。     

加大教育投入支持新疆跨越式发展

近年来,新疆教育投入增长迅速,教学条件得到了极大改善;基础教育和素质教育不断深化;高等教育向纵深发展,科研投入不断加大;双语教育得到长足发展。但是,要实现新疆跨越式发展还需进一步加大教育投入。本文在介绍了新疆教育投入及发展概况的基础上,论述了进一步加大国家财政对新疆教育投入的必要性,以不断提高教育质量,使其成为新疆跨越式发展的重要智力支撑。     

简析18世纪德国人赴法文化之旅的类型与内容

18世纪的欧洲处于巨大的历史变革之中,法国与德国的文化交流加速,而跨国旅行则起着极其重要的作用。社会不同阶层的人群对跨国旅行有着不同的目的和动机,正是这种不同对德法文化的传递产生了巨大影响。从文化传递的角度探讨18世纪德法之间不同社会背景人群的旅行,以及由此带来的文化传递。     

CIMS环境下制造企业新产品开发的工作流程研究

本文认为 ,个体私营企业应针对自身不足 ,要规范产权制度 ,转变管理模式 ,培育创新能力 ,扩大生产规模 ,注重提高自身素质 ,从而在新的形势下 ,实现更好的发展。     

借鉴国外先进经验发展我国节水事业

通过对美国、日本、以色列等国家节水成功实践的分析,针对我国水资源严重短缺的实际,提出了完善我国节水的对策.     

Vulnerability to Poverty in Papua New Guinea in 1996

This paper uses cross‐section data from the 1996 Papua New Guinea Household Survey to assess household vulnerability to poverty in Papua New Guinea. Vulnerability varies across regions, household size, gender and level of education of households. We use a simple empirical model that permits estimation of vulnerability to poverty assuming that households have the same conditional distribution of consumption in a stationary environment. Although this approach does not capture all dimensions of vulnerability, it at least raises the policy interest that vulnerability should be considered alongside poverty.     

福州市LNG公交车辆发展需破阻前行

汽车的尾气排放的污染物已经成为城市大气的主要污染源,而且随着汽车数量的增加,污染将日益严重。本文通过对目前新能源车辆发展状况分析,提出实现城市绿色交通,首先解决城市公交车辆的污染现状是重中之重,以福州市LNG公交车目前的发展状况为例,对其进行可行性分析,权衡利弊,为福州市的绿色交通建设,提出一些看法和建议。     

Returns to education among entrepreneurs in Bangladesh

This article estimates returns to education among entrepreneurs in Bangladesh, using unique survey data from 2012. Our main instrument for education is the education of the father of the entrepreneur, and we control for sibling education in order to take out the potential effect of father education on productivity and profitability. The results suggest a return to education in the order of 11 per cent per year of education. Using the education of the mother as an alternative instrument, we find evidence of heterogeneous returns to education among entrepreneurs. Compared to our main instrument, the education of mothers appears to affect education choices among individuals with relatively higher participation probabilities in education, where returns to education are lower.     

Resistance to Trade Liberalization in Unionized Sector

This paper studies the lobbying against trade liberalization by both a firm and a union in the same industry. We find that the relationship between their political activities depends on the effect of political activity by one on the marginal effectiveness of political activity by the other. We also show that, when they are strongly risk-averse and their political activities are strategic complements, trade liberalization is likely to be successful if business is brisk, the foreign firm's production cost is high or the number of union members is small. However, when they are not strongly risk-averse, these results hold reversely.     

Transition from School to Work in Japan

Using retrospective data of young people's work experience in Japan, this paper found that initial labor market conditions, i.e., when workers first enter the labor market after permanently leaving school, have a significant lasting impact on the employment experiences of workers in their teens and twenties. An increase in the unemployment rate at the time of labor market entry reduces the probability of gaining full-time regular employment and, more important, increases the future probability of workers of leaving employers by lowering the quality of job matches. It was also found that the vocational guidance or recommendations workers received at school could be effective in raising the quality of job matches. The adverse effect of initial unemployment rates on employment opportunities was most profoundly observed among female college graduates. J. Japan. Int. Econ., December 2001, 15(4), pp. 465–488. Faculty of Economics, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan; and Faculty of Economics, Meiji Gakuin University, 1-2-37 Shirokane-dai Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8636, Japan. © 2001 Elsevier Science (USA).Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: J24, J63, J64.