贝叶斯模型平均法在海底水温模拟中的应用

近几十年来沿海海洋环流模型已得到显著改善,但仍然难以获得足够的数据来约束和验证模拟。北美海洋与大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA)与当地渔船合作提供了一个低成本的数据观测系统,该系统已在美国东北部海洋大陆架(the US northeast continental shelf)的广泛范围内产生大量的每小时底部温度数据集。为了给予沿海海洋环流模型更好地验证模拟以及帮助渔民更清楚地了解捕鱼状况,结合现有的三种海洋模型,以每小时实时海洋底部温度数据作为参照,将各个海洋模型的数据同多种海洋模型经过贝叶斯模型平均法处理之后的数据进行可视化产品评估分析,以此发现贝叶斯组合模型表现更佳。     

宏观经济因素对我国股票市场波动影响的实证分析

股票市场的发展与一国的宏观经济因素存在密切的联系,本文选取工业增加值增长率,居民消费价格指数、利率、汇率、货币供应量、上证综合指数这6个变量建立VAR模型,并进行脉冲响应分析,对宏观经济因素对我国股票市场价格变动的影响进行定量分析。分析得出宏观经济因素与股票价格波之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,并且货币政策只有很微弱的影响作用。     

A Small Macroeconomic Model of the EU-Accession Countries

This paper develops a small macro-economic model of the CEECs to analyze various aspects of integration with the current EU and the role of monetary and exchange rate strategies during the (pre-) accession phase. The model gives insight into both the adjustment of the internal balance (as for output and employment) and the external balance (as for exports and competitiveness) in the accession countries. The model provides more insight into the basic macroeconomic relationships governing macroeconomic adjustment in the accession countries and also the role of the integration with the EU in that adjustment. We perform empirical simulations of different scenarios and analyze the resulting macroeconomic adjustment. In particular, we compare how a macroeconomic shock in the current EU is transmitted to the accession countries under flexible and fixed euro exchange rates, respectively.     

经济政策不确定性视角下宏观杠杆的调控效应及其策略选择

新常态下保证宏观杠杆稳步下降是供给侧结构性改革的重要任务之一。以中国经济政策不确定性为门限变量,构建了包括经济政策不确定性、宏观经济政策以及宏观杠杆在内的门限结构向量自回归(T-SVAR)模型,研究高低两种政策不确定性区制下我国需求端货币政策与财政政策以及供给端金融改革政策对宏观杠杆的调控效应。结果显示,三种政策均存在明显的门限效应且在中长期内均出现逆转,区别在于,虽然货币政策对宏观杠杆的短期作用效果最为显著,但当政策不确定性水平快速攀升时,其调控效果会略微降低,而此时财政政策和金融供给侧结构性改革能有效平抑过高的杠杆率增速,且在长期依旧保持一定的调控效果。因此,央行在对宏观杠杆进行调控时应依据各政策调控效应的阶段性特征进行搭配使用,同时通过推进资本市场基础性制度改革,优化融资结构,为实现宏观政策调控效果的最大化奠定基础。     

宏观经济因素、信用风险与压力测试

通过文献综述发现宏观经济因素波动是导致银行产生信用风险的重要原因之一。美国金融危机以来,我国经济面临的最主要问题是进出口大幅下降,我国商业银行在这样的宏观经济发生重大变动的情况下面临怎样的信用风险?本文在评介现有的宏观压力测试方法的基础上,提出并用实证证明利用投入产出模型建立宏观压力测试方法可以对出口大幅下降展开有效的行业内生影响分析并分解到每一个企业身上,从而为银行分析贷款不良率,管控信用风险提供直接的参考依据。     

公司治理、宏观经济环境与财务失败预警研究——离散时间风险模型的应用

已有的财务失败预警模型大多只考虑财务信息的作用,忽视了公司治理状况、宏观经济环境等非财务因素对财务失败的影响。本文综合利用财务信息、公司治理信息和宏观经济信息,采用生存分析中的离散时间风险模型构建我国上市公司的财务失败动态预警模型,并实证检验和比较离散时间风险模型与logistic模型、probit模型的预警能力。研究结果显示,公司治理信息和宏观经济信息对财务失败具有显著的预警作用,在模型中纳入这些非财务信息有助于提高模型的预测效果。研究结果也表明,离散时间风险模型的样本内判别能力和样本外预测能力都高于logistic模型和probit模型。     

自然灾害对我国农业产量和宏观经济的影响研究

为了分析自然灾害事件是如何影响农业生产,进而影响宏观经济的传导机制,文章利用中国地面气候资料日值数据集的气温和降水量数据、2000-2020 年省级面板数据和投入产出表数据,分别应用描述统计法、固定效应模型和CGE 模型,绘制了中国气候变化和干旱洪涝灾害的时空分布特征图,分析了自然灾害对农业生产的影响,模拟了农业产值变化对中国宏观经济各部门的影响。研究表明,中国南、东和中部地区异常降水事件频繁,西北地区年降水量少但更稳定,干旱灾害发生频繁且持续时间较长;农业灾害受灾面积增加1% 会导致农林牧渔业总产值减少0.02%,粮食总产量减少0.027%,因近十年农业投入增加使得年平均受灾面积的减少而避免了5% 的农业生产损失,从而对宏观经济各部门均产生了积极影响。     

“Set a Sufficiently Ambitious Budget Target and Let the Automatic Stabilizers Work”. Will it Really Work in the European Monetary Union?

We examine the popular recipe in the title by means of an AD-LM-AS two-country model of the EMU, controlling for asymmetry in demand and supply shocks and in the monetary-policy transmission mechanism. Unless structural symmetry holds and symmetric shock occurs, national automatic stabilizers, even though supplemented with the common monetary policy, cannot deliver optimal stabilization in each economy. Inflation and output gaps are not closed and may be divergent in sign. Considering that a federal system of inter-regional insurance is lacking, the recipe under examination is too optimistic, while serious threat to EMU cohesion may arise. The econometric estimates we present show that existing national fiscal systems work very poorly as for the minimization, after shocks, of the dispersion of national incomes around the EMU average.     

China's Exchange Rate Policy: The Case for Greater Flexibility

Since the Asian crisis, the merit of the Chinese government's de facto peg to the US Dollar has been the subject of widening debate. This paper reviews the issues surrounding China's currency regime choice and assesses the case for greater fiexibility. Reform era exchange rate policies are examined along with the performance of the economy during and since the Asian crisis. In the Chinese context, the arguments for and against fixed exchange rates are then explained and assessed. Finally, an elemental comparative static macroeconomic model is used to examine the implications of domestic and external shocks under different exchange rate regimes and with differing degrees of capital mobility. The results support the view that more fiexibility would be beneficial to China and that this benefit can be expected to increase as capital mobility increases.     

Financial Liberalization in a Small Open Economy

We address three related questions concerning financial liberalization in a small open economy. Does financial liberalization and the resulting capital inflow improve production efficiency in the domestic economy? Who benefits from financial liberalization in the long run and in the short run? Should financial liberalization be implemented gradually or hastily? Our main results are as follows. First, whether financial deregulation in one sector can improve production efficiency may depend on financial regulation in other sectors. Second, financial liberalization may have opposite welfare implications to domestic agents with different productivity in the long run. Third, although some domestic agents lose in the long run, they actually benefit from financial liberalization during the transitional process of deregulation. Finally, a gradual implementation helps achieve a smooth transition.     

我国宏观经济政策的评估困境及改进路向

宏观经济政策已成为宏观经济发展最大的外生变量。由于主体界定不清、资料和经费相对不足、评估标准差异性大以及缺乏必要的保障机制,宏观经济政策评估已陷入困境。针对这些评估困境,文章认为,对宏观经济政策进行有效评估,需要经济管理部门转变观念、提高认识,加大力度调整评估体系,制定切合实际的宏观经济政策。     

汇率制度是否影响失业率?——基于全球经济体的面板数据之经验分析

论文使用172个经济体在1991-2010年间的面板数据,研究了汇率制度对于失业率的影响。研究发现,在其他条件保持不变时,相对于中间汇率制而言,在发达经济体中,浮动汇率制会降低失业率,而钉住汇率制则会提高失业率;在新兴市场经济体中,浮动汇率制会提高失业率,而钉住汇率制则会降低失业率;在不包括新兴市场外的发展中经济体中,中间汇率制下的失业率最低,而钉住汇率制下的失业率最高。     

China＇s Macroeconomic Development： Stages and Nonlinear Convergence

I. Introduction Since the second half of the 1990s, the Chinese economy has witnessed some unprecedented changes: a sharp increase in urban unemployment, stagnation of labor transfer from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors and serious deflation. All these changes indicate a significant departure from the previous development trajectory: sustained full employment in urban areas, rapid labor transfer from agriculture to non-agricultural sectors and persistent and significant inflation. Beg…     

当前扩大消费需求的宏观调控政策选择

当前把消费需求作为我国扩大内需的主阵地已经达成共识,但扩大居民消费却是举步维艰。文章认为,政府在制定和实施宏观调控政策的过程中,必须把握好以下关系：区别短期消费需求和长期消费需求;把握消费与投资的体制性差异,以投资启动消费;针对我国二元结构下的城乡消费差异,重点是扩大农村消费需求;注重消费的可持续性。