The influence of retailing-mix levers on private label market share: The case of the Italian FMCG market

An in-depth analysis of the impact of retailing-mix levers on private label market share in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods sector in Italy is made. The direction and intensity of the impact of assortment, price and sales promotion is measured for different product categories. OLS and GMM regressions run on an IRI Group dataset indicate a strong positive effect of product range, which can be considered as a proxy of on-shelf brand visibility. Increasing private label assortment share thus appears to constitute the key supply-side factor in augmenting sales share on the Italian grocery retailing market.     

Private label line proliferation and private label tier pricing: A new dimension of competition between private labels and national brands

In this study, we explore the impact of private label (PL) proliferation and pricing on consumer demand and derive profit implications for different scenarios: (i) dropping or adding a line (kids, health or muesli) within a PL tier and (ii) changing the PL tier prices. We use a representative household panel dataset (2008–2009) for the ready to eat (RTE) cereal category of two leading U.K. grocery retailers. Our results indicate line extension/delisting within the standard and premium PL tiers cannibalize each other and also steal business from NBs for the kids, healthy and muesli lines. Overall, premium PLs seem a profit generator tier that allows some room for further brand variant introductions within this tier. However, the retailer is better off, in terms of profits, if the proliferation within the economy PL tier is downgraded. Furthermore, both the retailer and NB manufacturers gain from an economy, standard and premium PL price increase, as it leads to a demand shift to NBs accompanied by a profit lift for the retailer.     

最低工资对低收入群体的“增收”和“保基本”效果分析——以广州市数据为例

作为政府规制劳动力市场工资收入分配的唯一法定收入标准，最低工资是保障劳动者特别是低收入劳动者取得劳动报酬合法权益的重要手段，也是国家“提低、扩中、控高”收入分配制度改革政策中“提低”的主要措施之一。本文以广州市低收入宏观数据及微观流动人口数据为例，立足于评估最低工资调整对劳动者“增收”和“保基本”的效果，旨在分析最低工资调整是否满足了劳动者最基本的生活需求及对低收入群体增收效应的异质性差异如何。研究结果表明，最低工资标准基本能保障最底层收入家庭基本生活，并且最低工资对低收入群体工资存在正向效应，且对于男性、30岁以下、最低工资标准附近收入等组别的收入效果更为显著，同时存在对收入的溢出效应。     

The effect of error orientation,motivation to learn,and social support on training transfer intentions: A moderated mediation model

This study aims to assess whether trainees’ errors orientation can influence their motivation to learn and their intention to transfer training. Data were collected from 275 trainees participating in a corporate training program offered by a Canadian government agency. Results show that the concept of learning by error positively influences trainees’ levels of motivation and their intention to transfer learning. Results also confirm the mediating role of motivation between the concept of learning by error and the intention of transferring learning. Finally, results confirm the moderating role of social support on the relationship between motivation to learn and the intention to transfer learning. Practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.