Exchange rate regimes and market integration: evidence from the dynamic relations between renminbi onshore and offshore markets

The Chinese renminbi (RMB) has been on the way of becoming a major international currency. This paper examines the impact of the RMB exchange rate regime and policy on the integration and information flows between RMB onshore and offshore markets. We employ a long sample of daily data encompassing multiple times of RMB exchange rate regime change (peg to managed float in 2005, re-peg in 2008, re-float in 2010, and the central parity reform in 2015), and study the dynamic conditional correlations and spillovers between RMB onshore spot market and offshore non-deliverable forward (NDF) market. It is found that the switch from exchange rate peg to managed float and a widening of the floating band strengthen cross-market correlation and information flows (especially offshore-to-onshore spillovers). A market-learning explanation is offered for the observation that the correlation collapse in the re-peg period was not as prompt as the correlation take-off in the 2005 reform period. These findings have important implications for China’s monetary and foreign exchange policies and shed light on the integration of China’s financial markets with the rest of the world.     

“汇改”后汇率变动对股票市场的影响——基于具体行业股票收益率的实证分析

使用GARCH和分位数回归模型,以11个具体行业上市公司为样本,对2005年7月＂汇改＂后人民币汇率变动与股票市场中行业股票收益率波动的相关性进行分析,研究结果表明：相对于即期汇率,以远期汇率为代表的汇率预期对行业股票收益率影响更为明显;预期汇率对行业股票收益率的影响具有明显的阶段性特征;在第一阶段,受远期汇率影响的行业主要对远期汇率的升值比较关注,而在第三阶段,不同行业对即期汇率和远期汇率的反应呈现多样化。     

Inclusion of the RMB in SDRs and the impossible trinity in China

This paper explores the dynamics and features of the impossible trinity configuration in China, in the process of reforming the renminbi (RMB) exchange rate and inclusion in the currency basket of special drawing rights (SDR). By applying the synthetic model of Ito and Kawai (2014) and Aizenman et al. (2008) to Chinese data for the period between 2002 and 2019, we find structural breaks in China’s exchange rate stability in 2005, when China started its market-oriented exchange rate reform, and 2016, when the RMB was included in the SDR. More importantly, we find that, in the process of RMB exchange rate reform and RMB’s inclusion in the SDR, China has adopted a more flexible exchange rate regime, becoming more financially open, monetarily independent, and less reliant on international reserves hoarding.     

The dynamic impact of oil price shocks on the stock market and the USD/RMB exchange rate: Evidence from implied volatility indices

Using daily data from March 16, 2011, to September 9, 2019, we explore the dynamic impact of the oil implied volatility index (OVX) changes on the Chinese stock implied volatility index (VXFXI) changes and on the USD/RMB exchange rate implied volatility index (USDCNYV1M) changes. Through a TVP-VAR model, we analyse the time-varying uncertainty transmission effects across the three markets, measured by the changes in implied volatility indices. The empirical results show that the OVX changes are the dominant factor, which has a positive impact on the USDCNYV1M changes and the VXFXI changes during periods of important political and economic events. Moreover, USDCNYV1M changes are the key factor affecting the impact of OVX changes on VXFXI changes. When the oil crisis, exchange rate reform, and stock market crash occurred during 2014–2016, the positive effects of uncertainty transmission among the oil market, the Chinese stock market, and the bilateral exchange rate are significantly strengthened. Finally, we find that the positive effects are significant in the short term but diminish over time.     

Continuous wavelet analysis of Chinese renminbi: Co-movement and lead-lag relationship between onshore and offshore exchange rates

This study examines the interdependence between the onshore (CNY) and offshore (CNH) Chinese renminbi exchange rates by employing continuous wavelet analysis. We pay particular attention to the effect of CNY exchange rate reform in 2015. We find that the interdependence between the CNY and CNH exchange rates has increased significantly following the 2015 reform. In addition, we find higher coherence for the lower frequencies than for the higher ones, suggesting that the interdependence between the two renminbi exchange rates is stronger over longer time horizons. Our evidence also indicates that, after the 2015 reform, the CNH tends to lead the CNY across almost all frequencies, except at the lowest frequency where the CNY leads the CNH.     

关于人民币汇率机制的存在问题及改革初探

人民币汇率问题成为中国经济问题的焦点之一。本文从人民币汇率机制的历史演变的基础上出发,指明了现行人民币汇率机制存在的一些特点,进而得出了现行人民币汇率机制存在问题――强制结汇售汇存在缺陷,人民币缺乏弹性,外汇市场不完善。最后本文在此基础上提出了一些改革人民币汇率机制的建议。     

商业银行人民币理财产品比较分析

文章认为随着金融消费者对金融服务需求的提升,银行机构人民币产品的多样化实属必要。商业银行在外汇产品设计上的连续创新,已经逐渐移植或者复制到人民币产品上,银行方面更加注重对客户需求的关注,并围绕自身客户加快步伐进行产品创新,储蓄存款利率与票据市场收益率的显著差距,对人民币理财产品起着决定性的作用。     

人民币的升值引发的思考

人民币汇率制度实行改革以来,人民币总的走势趋向于升值。今年年初以来,人民币升值再次成为全球关注的热点,而人民币的升值会对我国的经济带来重大的影响,需要谨慎对待。本文在简要介绍我国政府在对待这一问题所持有的态度的基础上分析了人民币升值对我国经济的重要方面的影响并提出了一些对策。     

人民币汇率:缓解升值压力,加快制度改革

近一段时间人民币汇率在内外因的共同作用下升值压力巨大,盯住美元的固定汇率制度已经不符合当前中国的经济形势,但是完全放开人民币汇率让其自由浮动在现有条件下也是行不通的,以市场供求为基础的有管理的浮动汇率制度才是目前的最佳选择。     

金融市场建设对人民币国际化的作用分析

中国作为一个发展中大国在世界经济中的地位日渐提升,以及全球金融危机暴露出来现行国际货币体系的诸多弊端与国际货币多元化的必要性,人民币国际地位问题也吸引了越来越多的关注。但是由于我国的金融市场尚不发达、金融衍生产品比较匮乏、以及利率与汇率的市场化尚未实现等因素,可能会制约着人民币国际化的步伐。本文从人民币国际化的含义、条件及构建发达的金融系统对人民币国际化的重要作用等方面系统地分析了我国目前金融市场发展的状况,从加强我国金融市场建设方面阐述了人民币国际化的措施。     

Central bank transparency and financial market expectations: The case of emerging markets

In this paper, we study how central bank transparency influences the formation of money market expectations in emerging markets. The sample covers 25 countries for the period from January 1998 to December 2009. We find, first, that transparency reduces the bias (the difference between the money market rate and the weighted expected target rate over the contract period) in money market expectations. The effect is larger for countries with no exchange rate peg and countries with low income. Second, an intermediate level of transparency is found to have the most favorable influence on money market expectations: neither complete secrecy nor complete transparency is optimal. Finally, all subcategories of the Eijffinger and Geraats (2006) index lead to a smaller bias in expectations, with political transparency having the largest effect.     

Incorporating the RMB internationalization effect into its exchange rate volatility forecasting

Recently, the Chinese government has launched the renminbi (RMB) internationalization policy as an impetus to foster China’s global economic integration. The RMB internationalization effect on China’s economy and the RMB exchange rate has attracted massive attention in recent financial research. In this paper, we adopt a genetic programming (GP) method to generate new RMB exchange rate volatility forecasting models incorporating the RMB internationalization effect. Our models are proved to have significant accuracy improvement in predicting both RMB/US dollar and RMB/euro exchange rate volatilities, compared with standard GARCH volatility models, which are incapable of capturing the RMB internationalization effect. Furthermore, our models display salient practical implications for policy makers to formulate monetary policies and currency traders to design effective trading strategies.     

人民币汇率购买力平价的实证检验——基于中国加入SDR后的视角

2005年7月开始的人民币汇率形成机制改革使人民币均衡汇率的确定逐渐具有了市场基础。2015年11月人民币加入SOR对我国汇率市场化程度提出了新要求。在这种背景下，使用2005—2015年数据测算购买力平价理论在我国人民币与其他国家货币双边汇率决定中的有效性，同时测算对购买力平价偏离的半衰期，结果表明：人民币与印度卢比、韩元和南非兰特的双边汇率支持弱购买力平价成立，但半衰期存在差别；强购买力平价没有得到支持。     

基于利率平价理论视角研究人民币汇率问题

贸易顺差会导致汇率升值,这是许多人从西方经济学理论中得到的认识。随着我国的外贸连年顺差、外汇储备不断扩大,大量的外贸顺差和外汇储备使得外汇市场上人民币升值压力很大,人民币汇率成为全球瞩目的焦点。近年来西方政界与学术界屡屡以中国贸易顺差为由要挟人民币升值。而实际是欧美人以所谓的"全球经济再平衡"为幌子想要中国通过让人民币进一步升值来为金融危机买更多单。然而人民币是否真正存在升值压力,我们通过实际测算一下来得出结论。本文依据利率平价理论,构造出一种估计货币汇率升值或贬值压力的方法,并运用升值压力指标对人民币对美元汇率变动进行了检验,得出人民币对美元确实存在升值压力。     

人民币实际有效汇率的分解和马歇尔—勒纳条件的修正

马歇尔-勒纳条件是探讨货币贬值改善贸易收支的规律,本文根据人民币实际有效汇率的特点,把它分解为美元有效汇率和人民币对美元汇率之积形式,在此基础之上,本文重新考察货币贬值改善贸易收支的条件,对传统的马歇尔-勒纳条件进行修正。从我们研究中可以看出美元实际有效汇率变化对马歇尔-勒纳条件修正的重要作用,这包括美元有效汇率对人民币汇率弹性和人民币在美元有效汇率中的权重的两种影响。另一方面,即使人民币实际有效汇率贬值存在“J”曲线效应,人民币对美元实际汇率贬值,“J”曲线是否存在还要依赖一定的条件。本文实证研究结果显示出口（或进口）与人民币对美元实际汇率、美元实际有效汇率指数和外国收入（或国内收入）之间存在着显著的协整关系,美元实际有效汇率和人民币对美元实际汇率也存在显著的协整关系。从弹性的变化来看,修正的马歇尔-勒纳条件成立,同时人民币对美元实际汇率贬值有利于改善贸易收支,美元实际有效汇率贬值会恶化中国贸易收支。而对“J”曲线效应的实证研究显示无论是人民币实际有效汇率,还是人民币对美元实际汇率贬值和美元实际有效汇率贬值,我国“J”曲线效应均不显著。     

人民币汇率变动对中国进出口贸易的影响分析

1994年人民币汇率并轨以来,我国对外贸易发展迅速。2005年进出口总值达14224.4亿美元,外贸依存度超过70%,进出口贸易的快速增长有力地促进了国民经济的发展。2005年7月人民币汇率制度改革初步确立了人民币长期升值趋势,人民币兑美元名义汇率至今已升值约3.3%。理论上,人民币升值将影响到我国进出口贸易的健康发展。本文基于克莱因模型,采用1999￣2005年季度数据,建立我国进口、出口的自回归双对数模型,深入分析人民币汇率变动对我国实际进出口的影响,以期为对外贸易政策的制定和宏观调控提供决策依据。     

建立人民币离岸中心的现实性分析及前景展望

离岸市场是经营境外货币存、贷业务的市场,它在推进国际金融一体化的过程中发挥了巨大的作用,现已发展成为国际金融市场的重要组成部分。随着中国经济的不断走强,人民币的国际化必然是大势所趋,在这一过程中,人民币离岸中心的建立虽然会给现存的金融制度带来一定的冲击和风险,但其建立已经具有了现实的市场基础和需求,积极作用是主流。因此,只要监管得当,人民币离岸中心的建立将对我国金融业的发展起到良性的促进作用。     

The relationship between oil prices,the stock market and the exchange rate: Evidence from Mexico

This paper analyzes the variables of oil price, exchange rate and stock market index to explain how they interact with each other in the Mexican economy. The examined period includes monthly data from January 1992 to June 2017. A Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) is implemented that includes oil prices, the nominal exchange rate, the Mexican stock market index, and the consumer price index. Results indicate that the exchange rate has a negative and statistically significant effect on the stock market index; this indicates that an appreciation of the exchange rate is related to an increase in the stock market index. It is also found that the consumer price index has a positive effect on the exchange rate and a negative effect on the stock market index. The results also indicate that oil prices are statistically significant against the exchange rate, concluding that an increase in oil prices creates an appreciation of the exchange rate. In addition, the impulse-response functions show that the effects found tend to disappear over time.     

中国股市与汇市波动溢出效应研究

以上证综合指数和人民币兑美元名义汇率为指标,运用多元GARCH模型对中国股票市场和外汇市场之间的波动溢出效应进行实证研究。结果表明：汇率制度改革后,我国股市与汇市存在显著的双向波动溢出效应;汇市对股市表现出较强的波动传导,而股市对汇市的波动传递则相对较弱,存在着波动传导的非对称性。     

人民币汇率变动研究——基于人民币对美元和非美元货币汇率的分析

目前随着美元币值的变化,人民币对美元小幅贬值或升值,但人民币对非美元货币的贬值或升值则往往相反,这种变化使得我们对人民币币值的变化难以把握.本文研究人民币对美元和非美元汇率变动,并在此基础上研究人民币有效汇率指数变化;根据人民币有效汇率指数,构建人民币核心汇率指数并分析其变动及意义.本文认为,人民币汇率目标主要侧重于人民币对美元汇率,而人民币对非美元货币汇率波动有更大的弹性,因此,如果央行以人民币有效汇率为目标,则能够确定每天人民币对美元汇率的中间价,真正建立人民币参考一篮子货币的汇率目标.