Recent Developments at DG Competition: 2017/2018

The Directorate General for Competition at the European Commission enforces competition law in the areas of antitrust, merger control, and state aids. This year’s article provides first a general presentation of the role of the Chief Competition Economist’s team and surveys some of the main achievements of the Directorate General for Competition over 2017/2018. The article then reviews: the Google Search (Shopping) case, the role of price discrimination in state aid cases; and the use of counterfactuals in merger cases where alternative transactions might have occurred absent the merger.     

Recent Developments at DG Competition: 2020/2021

Review of Industrial Organization - The Directorate General for Competition at the European Commission enforces competition law in the areas of antitrust, merger control, and State aid. After...     

Recent Developments at DG Competition: 2018/2019

Review of Industrial Organization - The Directorate General for Competition at the European Commission enforces competition law in the areas of antitrust, merger control, and state aids. This...     

Economics at DG Competition 2006–2007

This paper discusses a number of significant developments in the enforcement activities of the Directorate General for Competition at the European Commission, during 2006–2007. It covers a selection of investigations as well as policy initiatives that have triggered a debate in terms of the underlying economics.     

Economics at DG Competition, 2008–2009

This paper discusses a selection of cases and important policy developments in the enforcement activities of the Directorate General for Competition at the European Commission during the past year (2008–2009).     

The Year 2005 at DG Competition: The Trend towards a More Effects-Based Approach

This first review of the European Commission’s Directorate General for Competition (DG COMP) gives an overview on DG COMP’s mandate and the main developments of 2005. The discussion includes institutional and policy developments, as well as the main competition policy decisions and Court judgments in the merger, antitrust, and state aid areas. It is argued that the trend towards a more effects-based analysis in EU competition policy had an impact on the assessment of competition cases, as well as on the development of soft law. For example, the effects-based approach was put high on the agenda with the publication of the Article 82 discussion paper. Similarly, the publication of the State Aids Action Plan (SAAP) launched a “more economic approach” in European state aid assessment. In line with its objective to focus resources on key sectors, two major inquiries were launched in the energy and financial sectors.The views expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not in any way represent an official position of the European Commission. Until 1 September 2006, Lars-Hendrik Roeller was the Chief Economist at DG Competition. He is now the President of the European School of Management and Technology (ESMT) in Berlin and a Professor at Humboldt University.     

Transaction Cost Economics: Recent Developments

Review of Industrial Organization -     

反行政性垄断与促进竞争政策研究新进展——“转轨经济中的反行政性垄断与促进竞争政策”国际研讨会观点综述

行政性垄断由于造成资源配置扭曲、社会福利损失、收入分配不均以及地方保护和区域市场分割等问题而日益成为社会各界关注的焦点。2007年11月19日在山东大学召开的“转轨经济中的反行政性垄断与促进竞争政策”国际研讨会对反行政性垄断的理论与政策问题进行了集中交流与探讨。本文介绍了与会专家学者对于该问题的主要学术观点．综述了反行政性垄断研究的新进展以及该领域亟待解决的理论和实践问题。     

澳大利亚选煤技术的最新发展

文章概况地介绍了澳大利亚煤炭工业所发生的一系列变化,并列举了目前煤炭产量的统计数据.文还介绍了一些新建洗煤厂以及所采用的洗选工艺,总结了有关重介加工、粉煤处理、浮选和脱水的最新技术进展.     

Recent Developments in US Industrial Relations

The persistence of economic pressures that first challenged American industry in the 1970s continues to reshape US industrial relations. In an effort to maintain their competitiveness, US firms have developed a panoply of strategies ranging from confrontation and labour control to collaboration and employee empowerment. This essay reviews evidence relating to the development and diffusion of these alternative strategies and their implications for long-term US competitiveness. In this context, the recent work of Commission on the Future of Worker-Management Relations is discussed as well as a number of public policy options intended to facilitate the implementation of high value-added production systems. The essay concludes with a discussion of the implications of recent trends for industrial relations research.     

Recent Developments in the German Apprenticeship System

After passing through a period of relative crisis in the first half of the 1980s, by the end of the decade the 'dual system' appeared once again capable of providing Germany with the highly skilled work force it needed to meet the challenges of the twenty-first century. This paper reviews the changing nature of apprenticeships and apprentices that has taken place over the last decade and the responses of government, the training authorities and employers to the sharp decline in the number of young people entering the labour market in recent years. Particular attention is given to the process of reforming and updating training regulations — a major concern of the parties involved in training over the last two decades. Finally, the paper suggests that unification of the two Germanies makes the future of the youth labour market and the labour market for skilled workers very unclear.     

2016年世界和中国石化工业综述及展望

2016年,世界乙烯装置平均开工负荷进一步提高,全球乙烯生产能力为16377万吨/年,产量为14656万吨,分别较上年增长425万吨/年和507万吨.布伦特油价跌幅远大于乙烯价格降幅,裂解乙烯利润维持较好水平,聚烯烃产品价格回落,毛利提升.中国乙烯产能净增140万吨/年,总产能达到2261万吨/年;乙烯产量为2150万吨,上年比增长10％;乙烯当量消费量为3875万吨,比上年增长3％,增速低于上年,直接原因是中国经济增速放缓及行业去库存.受油价处于低位的影响,化工行业利润好于2015年.2017年,全球以乙烯为代表的石化工业进入产能高速扩张期,预计乙烯生产能力将达到约1.72亿吨/年,石化贸易格局将发生转变.中国石脑油路线的乙烯装置再度回归,乙烯生产能力将达到2450万吨/年,乙烯消费增速将恢复性上涨.     

日本电力市场化改革最新进展及启示

日本在保持原九大电力公司垂直一体化模式的同时,通过采取引入特定规模电力企业(PPS)从事发电和售电业务,实行售电侧放开,成立监督机构,建立公平、公正、公开的市场机制,日本电力市场化改革取得了较满意的效果:电价平均降低30%左右、供电质量持续稳定、社会各界认可改革成果。认为日本结合国情稳步推进电力市场化改革、对输配分开的经济效益进行量化分析等经验对我国实施电力体制改革具有参考意义。     

Internalization v. Decentralization: An Analysis of Recent Developments in Pay Bargaining

It is commonly assumed, particularly within the human resource management literature, that decentralized bargaining, performance-related pay and individualized wage-setting arrangements represent a further extension of the internal labour market and a source of efficiency gains in production. Drawing on new data on company pay policies, this paper advances an alternative interpretation of recent innovations in pay and bargaining. It is argued that moves to fragment bargaining and reward systems threaten to undermine the organizational principles of internal labour markets and may, therefore, raise the costs of managing the employment relationship.     

中国锻造的发展历程和近况

从个人的视角回顾了中国锻造工业在 2 0世纪走过的历程 ,简要介绍近 5 0年来的几项重大技术进步和最新动态 ,对在 2 1世纪中的发展寄以希望     

Potential Competition: The Bell Atlantic/NYNEX Merger

Review of Industrial Organization -     

2016年国内外油气行业发展概述及2017年展望

2016年,全球经济持续复苏,主要经济体走势分化;全球能源消费结构转型加快;国际油价触底反弹;欧佩克与部分非欧佩克产油国达成联合减产协议;世界天然气市场供需宽松;全球工程技术服务市场规模进一步萎缩;世界炼油能力缓慢增长,乙烯新增产能大幅减少;全球成品油供需持续宽松;油气公司经营业绩继续下滑;油气招标总体遇冷,并购市场继续低迷;油气合作经营风险上升.中国能源结构进一步优化;石油消费增速大幅放缓;天然气供需总体宽松;市场化改革加快推进;国内原油产量跌破2亿吨,天然气产量增速继续放缓;炼油能力略有增加,地炼市场份额大增;三大石油公司生产指标小幅下降;海外油气权益产量稳中有增,民营企业和地方国企“走出去”取得新成效;中国陆续发布能源领域“十三五”发展规划;市场化改革的方向和路径更加明晰.2017年,国际油价将实质性回升;全球天然气供需宽松加剧;世界炼油和乙烯能力将继续增长.中国三大油品供应过剩加剧;中国天然气市场总体宽松,国家有望全面放开非居民用气价格;炼油过剩形势更加严峻;油气行业市场化改革将全面深入推进.