New product development projects: The effects of organizational culture

Despite the increasing use of project management within organizations, an attendant poor rate of success among these projects has been observed (Clancy & Stone, 2005; Ives, 2005). Seventy‐five percent of all business transformation projects fail (Collyer, 2000) and only 16% of U.S. IT projects are completed on time and on budget (Peled, 2000). In an attempt to overcome such a high project failure rate, this paper investigates the effects of organizational culture on the performance of particular types of projects: new product development (NPD) projects. Using data from 95 U.S. organizations, the study provides evidence of the significant effects of organizational culture on NPD projects.     

房地产项目分阶段纳税筹划初探

在国家对房地产实行宏观调控的背景下,我国房地产企业面临着来自各方面的压力,加之其在开发及经营过程投入资金多、建设及销售周期长、涉税标的金额大、涉及税种多、范围广等特点,使房地产业成为税收负担较重的行业。房地产行业的一般项目通常分为前期准备阶段、开发建设阶段、销售或保有阶段,本文将分别针对房地产项目的这几个阶段进行纳税筹划的初探。     

Institutions in building projects: Implications for flexibility and change

Building practice is often studied from a project management perspective, a view that stresses the temporary and unique aspects of the project organizations. However, the organization of building projects, as well as the buildings produced, varies little between projects. This homogeneity suggests that the building sector is subject to strong institutionalization. The findings of a building project case study are used to illustrate the different kinds of institutions in Swedish building. It is concluded that the strong institutions are related to a great need for coordination and communication in complex project organizations. The institutionalization could explain why initiatives generated by individual projects and companies seldom bring about long-term change in building.     

Evaluating an agile method for planning and controlling innovative projects

This article presents an extensive investigation carried out in two technology‐based companies of the São Carlos technological pole in Brazil. Based on this multiple case study and literature review, a method, entitled hereafter IVPM2, applying agile project management (APM) principles was developed. After the method implementation, a qualitative evaluation was carried out by a document analysis and questionnaire application. This article shows that the application of this method at the companies under investigation evidenced the benefits of using simple, iterative, visual, and agile techniques to plan and control innovative product projects combined with traditional project management best practices, such as standardization.     

Learning barriers: a framework for the examination of structural impediments to organizational change

The body of knowledge on organizational learning is believed to be large and fragmented. Therefore, this knowledge seems to be of limited use to practitioners. We, however, present an alternative review of the most important publications on organizational learning that deals explicitly with learning barriers. The structural causes of problems with organizational learning are related to malfunctioning components of the cybernetic learning system of the organization. Thus, it became clear that the body of knowledge on organizational learning is less fragmented and does not contain any contradictions. This resulted in our construction of a framework in which the major contributions on organizational learning are integrated. It allows practitioners to use strengths of multiple theories to analyze change management problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

知识管理项目绩效的一种评价方法

文章在以往的研究基础上,构建了一套知识管理项目绩效评估指标,并针对该评价体系存在的主观判断模糊性和信息不完全的特点,运用模糊数学和灰色系统理论,提出了知识管理项目绩效的灰色模糊综合评价模型,并结合具体算例,证明了该模型的有效性。     

价值链模式下城市战略性项目的实施

基于价值链模式的评价视角,提出在城市战略性项目实施过程中建构和谐城市的控制模式,该模式既指城市发展目标和谐,也指发展过程和谐,进而提出生态域、社会域和时间域三大核心指标,以在共时性研究中推动趋优化发展,实现状态(结构、功能)和谐,在历时性研究中进行项目流程跟踪动态评价,实现过程(时间)和谐。     

3S技术在区域规划与重大项目管理中的应用

随着高科技的发展,3S技术在区域规划与重大项目管理中得到广泛的应用。笔者依托宁夏区域规划与重大项目管理,研发一套二维、三维一体化的规划与决策平台,从根本上改变规划脱离社会、经济的局面,为中长期规划和决策提供重要技术支持。     

Relationships among organizational culture,knowledge acquisition,organizational learning,and organizational innovation in Taiwan's banking and insurance industries

This article investigates the relationships among organizational culture (OC), knowledge acquisition (KA), organizational learning (OL), and organizational innovation (OI) in Taiwan's banking and insurance industries. We use the top 100 financial enterprises in Taiwan published by Common Wealth Magazine in 2005 as the population and 23 of them are chosen as the sample in this study. A total of 785 questionnaires were issued and 449 valid replies were received. The research results indicate that OL serves as a partial mediator between OC and OI. In addition, this article finds that OC affects OL and innovation through KA. Furthermore, OL has a full mediation effect on KA and OI.     

生产管理中计划调度的组织架构优化设计

针对企业生产管理中存在的计划调度组织层级较低且职能分散的情况,提出精简组织架构、简化业务流程、提升生产管理效率的组织架构优化方案,以期实现企业的劳动生产率、生产产值、产品销售额、企业利润率、存货周转率、资金周转率等企业运营关键业务指标的大幅提升,极大增强企业竞争力。     

Managing global projects: A structured approach for better performance

The purpose of this research effort is to develop a model for improving the performance of global projects using the underlying relations among the important enablers and barriers of global project performance. A number of factors are identified in the study, using a literature review to develop the model. A survey was used to determine the impact of these factors on global project performance. The model suggests different management practices for global projects versus traditional, co‐located projects. Different from the outcomes of traditional projects, research results suggest that leadership and establishing trust is a first step in the initial stages of the global project.     

浅谈建设工程监理中质量控制方法

文中就通信建设工程监理过程中的质量控制以及质量控制的主要方法(旁站、巡视、平行检验)进行简要论述分析,并提出自己的看法和一点建议。     

航班计划优化研究概述

从航班计划优化的不同时间阶段分析,可以将航班计划优化分为航班计划静态编排优化、基于航班延误预测的航班计划动态反馈优化和基于机场协同决策(A-CDM)的航班计划动态调整角度三类;进而从航班时刻、机型指派、航班频率等编制环节分析了航班计划静态编排优化;随后利用延误波及预测与数据挖掘预测的优化方法分析了基于航班延误预测的航班计划动态反馈优化的相关研究。最后,根据航班计划优化复杂性分析,给出了航班计划优化的发展趋势和未来研究方向。     

Knowledge‐salvage practices for dormant R&D projects

Most successful firms have an abundance of new and old knowledge in their research and development laboratories, and only a fraction is being put into use in new product development. This knowledge is left over from projects that have been killed at different development stages and may actually carry considerable value. In this article, we propose a knowledge bank as a possible solution to preserve and possibly grow this knowledge. It is a self‐sustaining institute with minimal or no ongoing effort from the donor company, yet manages the knowledge in a way that protects proprietary interests and actively fosters communication and interchange among sponsoring companies wherever possible. The framework of this structure, as well as how it works, is described here. Specifically, a system dynamics modeling of the knowledge bank is developed, and a simulation study is conducted using VENSIM®. The results confirm the viability of creating such a system in a consortium of organizations.     

空间管制区规划探讨

在经济快速增长的同时,如何发挥规划的先导作用,解决城市发展面对诸多问题,实现城乡空间资源合理、有效地分配,空间管制区规划不失为一种全新的规划理念。她以城市的生态安全和健康发展为先决条件,统筹考虑社会、经济的可持续发展。本文通过对空间管制区规划理念、内容、方法的探讨,尝试从空间上对保护性生态资源和风险性生态资源合理控制,实现资源的永续有效利用。在管理上为各层次的空间管制,建立准确、快捷的管理体系信息平台。从而提高部门间的综合协调能力,为决策者提供更为有利的支撑,进一步促进城乡和谐发展。     

综合计划考核机制的改进与实现

技术中心深入贯彻中航工业集团公司有关精神,自觉适应发展新要求,开展综合计划的考核机制改革管理。本文对综合计划前期考核机制中存在的不足提出了改进建议,在调动机关各部门对综合计划的监管和指导、量化考核结果、减少形式过场、发掘潜在资源等方面取得一定的效果,促进各单位之间的良性竞争,对综合计划的推进和愿景目标的实现有着积极的影响。     

倒排计划和安全库存计划相结合的物料需求计划与控制方法--用于非定型产品制造业

介绍生产非定型产品企业的物料需求计划与控制的原则，根据制造业企业的物料整体逻辑流程图，找出影响物料需求计划与控制的各个因素，提出合理实效的需求计划与控制方法并以实例加以说明。     

Using methods of Multi-Criteria Decision Making to provide decision support concerning local bioenergy projects

The public sector plays an important role in the German “Energiewende”. Besides energy management in municipal properties the local government can also support the switch to renewable energy sources through a change in energy supply structures within in their region. Methods of Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) from Operations Research are helpful regarding that challenge, as they are able to assess the sustainability of local energy concepts, since they not only offer stakeholders the opportunity to participate, but also consider multiple conflicting criteria. In that way, the acceptance of local energy projects and the participation of stakeholders in the decision process are supported. The case study presented in this paper illustrates the results of a MCDM process employed to identify a sustainable bioenergy concept in a rural village in Lower Saxony, Germany. Our analysis revealed not only the opportunities and challenges associated with executing an MCDM process to support the realization of local bioenergy projects, but also discusses potential limitations of the methods.     

高校物流专业学生物流规划能力培养

物流业的快速发展需要科学的物流规划,高校是培养物流规划能力的重要基地。文中在分析对高校物流专业学生进行物流规划能力培养的意义的基础上,将物流规划能力细化为若干个具体能力,并在学生的课程教学或实践环节中进行针对性的培养。     

浅谈中小企业税务筹划的策略与方法

税务成本已成为企业总成本中的一个重要部分,企业日益重视对涉税业务进行税务筹划,以降低税务成本。本文论述了中小企业进行税务筹划时的策略,阐述了中小企业进行税务筹划时的采用的具体方法。