碳交易背景下考虑公平关切的双渠道闭环供应链定价决策

考虑到碳交易政策和公平偏好会影响双渠道闭环供应链定价决策，分别构建碳交易背景下公平中性、零售商公平关切信息对称与不对称时双渠道闭环供应链进行最优决策的Stackelberg动态博弈模型。通过求解各个均衡解，研究各个均衡解与制造商和零售商公平关切的关系。通过数值算例分析，着重考虑零售商公平关切信息对称与不对称时制造商和零售商公平关切对双闭环供应链最优定价决策的影响，并进行对比分析。研究结果表明：无论零售商公平关切信息对称还是不对称，新产品的销售价格与制造商和零售商公平关切都成正比，再制品的销售价格不受公平关切的影响；新产品的市场需求与制造商和零售商公平关切都成反比，再制品的市场需求与制造商和零售商的公平关切都成正比；公平关切会降低企业利润，公平关切信息不对称会加剧这一现象。     

公平与效率关系的哲学思考

分配正义不能市场经济本身去完善解决,还要依靠相应的制度保障,处理好公平与效率的关系问题,才能使分配正义得以体现。     

人才政策中公平价值的内涵及实现路径

人才政策能对人才资源进行分配。人才政策在分配人才资源时既要协调好不同利益主体的关系,又要处理好公平和效率的关系。目前的人才政策更加适应市场经济的需要,但仍存在一些计划经济的遗留,较注重人才的身份和级别,而不是本身的能力,有时会忽视公平,导致人才没有安全感和获得感。在这种情形下,人才政策应该更多地体现公平价值。公平是人才政策必须具备的一种价值,能在分配范围、分配资源、分配程序等方面体现出独特的引导意义。进入新时代,人才政策更加趋向公平,主张人人都能成才的理念,能够统筹人才资源的利用和开发。     

Does the recent success of some OECD countries in lowering their unemployment rates lie in the clever design of their labor market reforms?

In recent years some OECD countries were successful in loweringthe unemployment rate substantially while other countries werenot. In this paper we investigate to what extent successfulcountries implemented a comprehensive set of institutional reforms.We present a theoretical framework to investigate the relationshipbetween unemployment and labor market institutions (LMI) suchas labor taxes, unemployment benefits, employment protection,union bargaining power and (de)centralization of bargaining.In our empirical analysis of data over the period 1960–99of 17 OECD countries we show that particular combinations ofLMI are responsible for low unemployment rates.     

Buying a pig when both buyer and seller are in pokes

This paper considers the situation of a foreign company buying an enterprise in an Eastern European country. Since the enterprise has no record in a market economy, neither buyer or seller knows what value should be placed on it. In addition, very often the physical assets of the enterprise have little value, so the purchasing firm is actually buying a license to engage in a particular line of business and expects some subsidy or protection while the enterprise is being renovated and is entering the market. Bargaining postulates are developed and a simple bargaining model is evolved which show conditions under which bargaining will succeed. The role of the proportion of equity purchased and the effect of subsidies are considered.     

土地市场的二元结构与政府职能转变

当前找国土地市场存在二元结构,土地市场比较混乱,影响了市场配置土地要素功能的发挥 要坚持在市 场经济条件下转变政府职能,建立透明、公开的土地市场,促进土地市场的健康发展     

消费者公平关切下制造商主导的供应链最优决策研究

究消费者不仅在意产品的功能,还在意交易中的公平性,因此研究了消费者公平关切对制造商和零售商定价决策问题。对零售商与消费者具有公平关切与制造商与消费者具有公平关切两种情况下的制造商主导的Stakelberg模型进行研究分析,并得出两种情况下制造商的最优批发价格、最优质量以及零售商最优零售价。研究发现:适中的消费者公平关切能够一定程度上缓解供应链竞争。制造商与零售商都不应过度关注自身公平关切,否则会损害另一方利益,从而不利于供应链的稳定发展。     

我国税收公平目标的再思考及其制度选择

本文对税收公平的内涵作了一种扩张性解释,认为税收公平应包含三个层次的内容,即税收的本质公平、税收的代内公平和税收的代际公平,亦称之为"三层次"税收公平观。为实现税收本质公平,相应的制度选择应是优化政府,保证政府征税权不被滥用,同时重视纳税人权利,构建完善的纳税人权利保护体系;为实现税收代内公平,应做出的制度选择有:努力实现税收的经济公平与社会公平;为实现税收的代际公平,必须构建完善的绿色税收体系并开征遗产税。     

以公平竞争审查制度促进全国统一大市场建设

建设全国统一大市场的要义是统一开放、竞争有序,然而我国由于经济转轨和追赶型增长模式带来了根深蒂固的行政垄断认知和行为,仍存在歧视性产业政策干预严重、市场分割、自然垄断规制乏力等问题,这成为我国建立全国统一大市场的最大阻碍。公平竞争审查制度作为规制行政垄断的最佳机制,有助于从根本上助力全国统一大市场建设。在推进公平竞争审查制度的过程中,要以增量入手,促进产业政策的功能化转型,同时对存量进行分类治理;完善审查机制,加强法律认定,推进区域经济一体化和制度整合;发挥负面清单制度与公平竞争审查制度的协同效应;加强反垄断与反不正当竞争执法力度,倡导普及公平竞争文化。     

On Tax Over-Shifting in Wage Bargaining Models

It has frequently been noted in the wage bargaining literature that increasing average labour taxes may in fact be over-shifted in the pre-tax wage that is negotiated between unions and firms, raising workers post-tax wages. In this paper, we study the precise conditions for such tax over-shifting to occur under both Nash and Right-To-Manage bargaining structures, and considering both competitive and imperfectly competitive output market conditions. In the case of competitive output markets, we derive and interpret the conditions for over-shifting to occur and show that they hold for an entire class of commonly used production functions. Moreover, under monopolistically competitive output markets we show that tax over-shifting will occur when the firm has sufficient market power. The conditions on the production function, that were necessary and sufficient for tax over-shifting to occur under perfect competition, are shown to be no longer necessary. These findings hold for all bargaining structures considered.

Risk Aversion and Wages: Evidence from the Baseball Labor Market

We develop a bargaining model to assess how workers and employers might allocate wages inter-temporally in order to cope with risk. We then apply this model to 106 long-term contracts for major league baseball players’ services. Most of these agreements not only smooth employee compensation over time but suggest greater relative risk aversion for teams than players. Compared to the wages they might pay to retain these players on a succession of one-year contracts, teams often pay a premium on longer-term agreements to protect against market volatility and potential inability to replace a key player on the open market.     

以“同产业”平等推进全国统一大市场建设

同产业平等,既是现代市场竞争中企业之间公平竞争的基础,也可以用来作为推进全国统一大市场建设的工作抓手。可据此推进企业在市场竞争中的公平和公正,消除过去按企业类别尤其是按所有制性质进行产业政策管理的诸多弊端。作者认为,全国统一大市场建设要破除按照所有制、规模、隶属关系、地区等标准分类管理企业的传统做法,平等企业间的竞争环境和竞争条件。平等性既是市场规则统一性的基础,也是统一大市场建设的前提。根据现代产业组织运行及其竞争政策运作的原理,作者在从全局和战略高度上独辟蹊径地提出按"同产业"平等这个基本政策主张的基础上,详细地分析了按"同产业"平等的政策内容以及可能产生的积极效应,并从现阶段我国市场发展的实际出发,提出了推进全国统一大市场建设的若干具体建议。     

马克思恩格斯的公平观探析

马克思一方面从唯物史观角度揭示了公平的本质：公平是相对的、现实的、具体的、历史的，是社会生产与交换方式的反映。另一方面，马克思恩格斯从阶级的角度对不同制度下的社会公平进行了具体分析。阶级社会的公平不过是阶级利益的表达，即使在共产主义第一阶级，也不存在“不折不扣的公平分配”，只有到了共产主义社会，才能实现真正的公平。     

对公正与公平伦理学意义的解读

我们要建设和实现的和谐社会应该是公平公正、民主法制的社会,而公平与公正是构建和谐社会的基石。我们应该对公平和公正进行严格意义上的区分：二者拥有不同涵义,属于不同的范畴,具有不同的功能。分清两者的概念,对建设和谐社会有积极意义。     

高流动性对我国企业劳资冲突的影响——基于完全非完美信息动态博弈模型的分析

国际金融危机持续扩散蔓延,我国劳动力市场呈现出高流动性的特征。文章根据金融危机下我国企业劳资冲突的现状构建博弈模型,分析国际金融危机下劳动力市场高流动性对我国企业劳资冲突的影响。结论是：无论是国有企业还是非国有企业,劳动力的高流动性都可能会使原本不可置信的威胁变成现实。在非国有企业中,要做好使工人回复序贯理性的工作,搞好再就业与创业。另外,我们必须考虑国有企业面临金融危机时,是不是应该以摆脱包袱为改制的唯一目的。而且,即使实行了私有化的改制,就必须采取措施让工人意识到他们的权益不会被侵犯。     

Endogenous,Intra‐household Decision‐making and its Impact on the Labor Supply of Couples in Rural India*

Using data for rural India, this paper analyzes households' labor supply decision‐making, taking into consideration non‐participation, endogenous intrahousehold bargaining and nutritional status. Analyses of unitary and collective models suggest that bargaining between household members forms the basis of households' decisions, and these decisions alter households' internal power balance. Analysis of households' internal bargaining process suggests that women's bargaining power increases when their wages are higher and they are better educated. The results indicate that it is crucial to account for the mechanics of decision‐making within households when studying the effects of changing labor market conditions or designing development policies to improve individual well‐being or to empower women.     

教育公平的发展与策略研究

实现教育公平是构建和谐社会的基石,实现教育公平既是目标又是过程,需要强调教育的均衡发展,合理配置教育资源,深化教育改革。本文旨在从教育公平的发展意义、国外的教育公平、我国教育公平的成就和问题以及促进我国教育公平发展的对策四个方面,分析如何正确认识教育领域存在的不公平问题,以便更好的实现我国教育的和谐发展。     

New Compensation Standard for Land Expropriation in China

This paper explores a new compensation standard for use in agricultural land conversion in China during the land‐expropriation process, based on the market value definition. Assuming identical bargaining power between the buyer and the seller, efficient and equitable compensation is obtained through a market transaction and bargaining negotiation mechanism, under the assumpation of a perfect market. From the state‐of‐the‐art viewpoint of land appraising, a practical approximation of the theoretical optimal compensation will provide an effective solution for China, under the current collective‐owned land property rights structure.     

温州地区的公平与效率状况分析

温州是率先走上市场经济的地区,其公平和效率的变化及现实状况颇具典型性。本文依据有关统计数据,对温州效率和公平变化状况、原因以及政府兼顾公平措施及其效应进行分析,指出改革开放以来,温州经济总量不断扩大,人民生活水平不断提高,但同时收入差距在许多方面也呈扩大趋势,