What drives mortgage fees in Australia?

We investigate the factors that affect total, ongoing and origination fees of mortgages in Australia during the period 1996 to 2011. We find that banks charge significantly higher total and ongoing fees than mortgage corporations although they require lower origination fees. We also find that fee levels are dependent on loan size, loan‐to‐value ratio and loan features like term of the loan and presence of an offset account. Further, we confirm that lenders trade‐off higher (lower) interest rates with lower (higher) fee levels. Finally, our results show that mortgage fees are significantly affected by market conditions.     

丹麦银行业稳定方案经验借鉴

丹麦银行业是一个资产业务以贷款为主、高度集中且竞争激烈的行业,由于大量中小型银行由农村信用社转制而来,2008年爆发的国际金融危机对其融资问题造成一定的冲击,为稳定国内金融市场,丹麦政府出台了银行业稳定方案。实践表明,该方案的实施在不使用政府资金的前提下,有效解决了银行业的融资问题,保障了金融体系的稳定运行,同时给丹麦政府带来了不菲收益。文章介绍了丹麦银行业稳定方案的主要政策措施,并总结其成功经验。     

外资银行进入与中国银行业绩效、市场集中度的变化

我国入世过渡期已经结束，银行业已全面对外开放。外资银行进入将对我国银行业绩效和产业组织结构带来重要影响。本文基于我国14家银行1996-2005年的面板数据，就外资银行进入对我国银行的短期影响进行研究。实证结果表明，国内银行对外资银行营业性机构数量增加反应不敏感，经营成本和盈利同外资银行市场份额的增加正相关，我国银行业市场符合结构-行为-绩效范式。本文就我国银行业应对外资银行冲击的方略提出建议，即通过与外资银行股权合作弥补我国银行业不足，通过金融控股公司模式实现综合经营以提高我国银行业国际竞争力，积极学习、借鉴外资银行新的金融产品和管理经验。     

外资银行进入与中国银行业绩效、市场集中度的变化

我国入世过渡期已经结束,银行业已全面对外开放.外资银行进入将对我国银行业绩效和产业组织结构带来重要影响.本文基于我国14家银行1996～2005年的面板数据,就外资银行进入对我国银行的短期影响进行研究.实证结果表明,国内银行对外资银行营业性机构数量增加反应不敏感,经营成本和盈利同外资银行市场份额的增加正相关,我国银行业市场符合结构-行为-绩效范式.本文就我国银行业应对外资银行冲击的方略提出建议,即通过与外资银行股权合作弥补我国银行业不足,通过金融控股公司模式实现综合经营以提高我国银行业国际竞争力,积极学习、借鉴外资银行新的金融产品和管理经验.     

Are all types of real transaction management equal in the eyes of bank lenders?

This study examines whether bank lenders react differently to various types of real transaction management (RTM) by borrowing firms. Drawing upon the differential cash and cash flow effects of alternative forms of RTM, we predict and find that banks provide more favorable loan terms, that is, lower interest spread and reduced likelihood of required collateral, for firms reporting more discretionary reductions in research and development (R&D) expenditures. In contrast, lending banks respond unfavorably to borrowers’ engagement in RTM through aggressive sales discounts and overproduction of inventories. Additional analysis reveals that the favorable effect of discretionary R&D reductions on loan pricing is greater (smaller) for borrowing firms with a prior relationship with the bank or with a lower level of cash holdings (loans with longer maturity). Overall, our findings suggest that banks, with their unique payoff functions and monitoring incentives, do not view all forms of RTM negatively.     

Do foreign institutional investors monitor opportunistic managerial behaviour? Evidence from real earnings management

Employing a large sample of 13,860 firms in 41 economies from 2000 to 2017, we document that the ownership by foreign institutional investors (FIIs) is negatively associated with firms' real earnings management (REM) but unrelated to their accrual earnings management (AEM). We adopt a few identification strategies to tackle the endogeneity issues, including firm- and year-fixed effects regression, two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression, and difference-in-differences (DiD) estimation based on the passage of the Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act (JGTRRA). In addition, we show that the role of FIIs in curbing REM is achieved through the expertise channel and the monitoring channel. These results suggest that when facing disadvantages in curbing AEM, FIIs make the most of their monitoring strengths by curbing firms' REM, where they have both incentives and capabilities to monitor. Overall, this study highlights the important role of FIIs in monitoring opportunistic managerial behaviour.     

普惠制金融体系与金融稳定

以全球金融危机为转折点,中国的经济金融运行出现了诸多新迹象,其中的突出问题是金融资源配置的不均衡。一方面,银行业总资产突破100万亿元,相伴随的却是连续两年的实体经济部门融资难;另一方面,在经济下行期和负利率背景下,银行业获得了较高的利润。据此,本文提出如下观点:第一,普惠制金融体系建设的滞后性导致了融资集中和系统性风险积聚,过多的金融资源集中于政府项目和投机领域;第二,普惠制金融体系建设有助于通过分散金融资源配置以换取更为稳定的金融环境;第三,如果金融业侧重中小经济主体融资,则整体盈利水平还将进一步提高,其主要盈利来源将从数量扩张转向风险溢价。     

外资银行对中国银行业的溢出效应

针对外资银行对中国金融市场的影响,本文采用实证方法检验外资银行对中国银行业是否存在溢出效应.通过在生产函数中构建能够量化溢出效应方向的系数,直观描述溢出效应的力度与方向,并通过对数生产函数模型,实证分析外资银行对中国商业银行在劳动、资本、管理费用三种投入要素的产出效率的影响,中国银行业在外资银行进入之后资源配置效率的变...     

农作物保险对产出的影响:理论框架,研究现状与展望

农作物保险是保障国家粮食安全的重要政策工具。学术研究领域对农作物保险影响作物产出的相关探讨由来已久,在不少问题上存有争论,而关于这一主题,近年来的总结性研究并不多见。本文基于1980年至2019年国内外相关文献检索的结果,提炼出农作物保险作用于产出的基本理论框架,提出保险通过“长期机制”和“短期机制”的共同作用对农作物产出带来影响。据此框架,论文从农作物保险对生产行为、对农业生产者收益和对产量三个方面对国内外研究做了系统的梳理,并总结了实证研究的方法,最后立足国内对今后这一主题的研究进行了展望。     

Prolonged Reserves Accumulation,Credit Booms,Asset Prices and Monetary Policy in Asia

This article examines past evidence of prolonged periods of foreign exchange reserves accumulation in the Asia-Pacific region. Several proxies for this unobserved variable are considered, including a newly proposed one based on a factor model. We focus on identifying periods of prolonged interventions and identify its key macro-financial determinants. Two broad conclusions emerge from the stylized facts and the econometric evidence. First, the best protection against costly reserves accumulation is a more flexible exchange rate. Second, the necessity to accumulate reserves as a bulwark against goods price inflation is misplaced. Instead, there is a strong link between asset price movements and the likelihood of accumulating foreign exchange reserves that are costly. Policy implications are also drawn.     

台湾《消费者债务清理条例》评析及对大陆出台个人破产制度的展望

随着中国大陆地区社会主义市场经济体制的确立和深化,无论是在法律制度的设计上还是广大群众的观念接受程度,都需要一定的磨合期,再加上城乡二元结构的差异,使得中国大陆在个人破产制度的推动上难度较大。本文尝试借鉴台湾经验,期望对未来中国大陆个人破产制度的增修作一比较参考,使整体市场退出机制更加完善。     

Can Industrial Restructuring Significantly Reduce Energy Consumption? Evidence from China

This article uses China’s input–output (I-O) tables in 2002, 2007, and 2012 to estimate the real energy consumption of each sector after the I-O adjustment. The relationship between the sectors is further analyzed using the utility analysis method based on ecological network analysis. The empirical results show that although the traditional energy-intensive industries are the major energy-consuming sectors from a direct energy consumption perspective, large energy consumption by energy-intensive industries is transferred to downstream industries through intermediate products after the I-O adjustment. Specifically, the building industry and service sector are the sectors with the highest real energy consumption. With the upgrading and optimization of the industrial structure, the proportion of energy-intensive sectors in China is declining. However, the development of the service sector and infrastructure construction still requires large intermediate inputs. Thus, industrial restructuring cannot significantly reduce China’s total energy consumption.     

The effectiveness of the auditor's going-concern evaluation as an external governance mechanism: Evidence from loan defaults

When there is significant doubt about a firm's ability to continue as a going concern, professional standards require independent auditors to disclose the uncertainty in their report. This study assesses the influence of the independent auditor's going-concern evaluation by examining default following the release of the auditor's report. We use a proprietary sample maintained by the Portuguese Central Bank on 12,199 audit reports relating to approximately 2000 firms that are liable by law to have their accounts audited on an annual basis. Empirical estimation of a logit model controlling for accounting cash- flow-related and nonaccounting variables shows that the likelihood of default for firms that received going concern opinion is 2.792 times that of firms that received a clean opinion. Likelihood ratio tests for omitted variable also confirm the incremental predictive ability of going-concern opinion over and above accounting and nonaccounting variables for the estimation and hold-out samples. In the nondefaulting group, the average default rate is 6.05%, in the defaulting group it is 17.78%. The default rate for firms in the nondefaulting group that received a going-concern opinion is 9.92% and for firms that received a clean opinion it is 5.96%. In the defaulting group, the rate for firms that received a going-concern opinion is 35.49% and for firms that received a clean opinion it is 16.96%. Checks for robustness across different asset classes, age, industries, and regions indicate that firms that receive a going-concern opinion on average default more than those that receive a clean opinion.     

Foreign Banks: Trends and Impact

Over the past two decades, foreign banks have become much more important in domestic financial intermediation, heightening the need to understand their behavior. We introduce a new, comprehensive database, made publicly available, on bank ownership (including the home country of foreign banks) for 5,324 banks in 137 countries over the period 1995–2009. We document large increases in foreign bank presence in many countries, but with substantial heterogeneity in terms of host and banks’ home countries, bilateral investment patterns, and bank characteristics. In terms of impact, we document that the relation between private credit and foreign bank presence importantly depends on host country and banks’ characteristics. Specifically, foreign banks only seem to have a negative impact on credit in low‐income countries, in countries where they have a limited market share, where enforcing contracts is costly and where credit information is limited available, and when they come from distant home countries. This shows that accounting for heterogeneity, including bilateral ownership, is crucial to better understand the implications of foreign bank ownership.     

The Impact of Receiving Debtor-in-Possession Financing on the Probability of Successful Emergence and Time Spent Under Chapter 11 Bankruptcy

The ability to obtain financing is a critical element in attempting to successfully reorganise a firm which has declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Debtor-in-possession (DIP) financing has become an increasingly popular method in recent years. This paper examines whether receiving DIP financing is related to successful reorganisations and a shortened duration under Chapter 11 bankruptcy proceedings. This study finds that there is an increase in realised returns to equity at the announcement of DIP loan agreements which is positive and statistically significant. It is also found that DIP-financed firms have a reduced probability of liquidation, and shorter time spent under bankruptcy proceedings.     

甘肃省房地产价格波动对区域金融稳定的影响研究

本文在对甘肃省房地产价格波动及区域金融稳定概念进行界定的基础上,分析了房地产价格波动对区域金融稳定的影响机制,选取了甘肃省2002年至2011年的相关数据,构建了甘肃省区域金融稳定指标体系,并用熵值法计算出区域金融稳定综合指数,然后建立VAR模型,实证检验了房地产价格波动对区域金融稳定的影响.研究发现：在最优滞后2期内,房地产价格波动对区域金融稳定产生一定的影响,并且二者之间呈现负相关关系,也即房地产价格波动越大,区域金融稳定性就会降低,房地产价格波动越小区域金融稳定状况越好.