基于营销思维的人力资源管理探析——营销化人力资源管理

现代科技的飞速发展从根本上改变了经济社会环境,世界正步入知识经济时代,这个时代,人是核心竞争力、价值的创造者,人力资源已成为现代企业的第一资源。企业应通过把营销思维注入人力资源管理中,关注员工的需要、置其于核心地位,展开营销化人力资源管理,从而实现员工、顾客与企业的共赢。     

影子价格在资源配置中的一个误用及其判定方法

影子价格在资源的配置中具有重要的指导意义,但是在应用时如果不考虑资源约束项的应用范围,得出的结果将不具备指导性。运用影子价格的边际定义对其与资源常数项的关系进行考察,通过理论与实例分析影子价格在资源配置时的有效范围,避免影子价格的误用。     

我国工业行业信贷资金配置效率研究——基于EVA的面板数据分析

效率是资源配置的核心问题,评价资源配置效率高低的重要标准,是分析资源是否流向有价值创造能力的行业。本文借鉴Jeffrey Wurgler(2000)及经济增加值(EVA)方法,对2002～2005年我国金融机构信贷资金在36个工业行业的配置效率进行了实证分析。研究发现,信贷资金配置效率与我国工业行业价值创造能力总体上呈现出较低相关性,配置效率较差,并就此问题提出了相关政策建议。     

多维离散资源分配问题的模型转换及其Excel求解方法

离散资源分配问题是管理科学中的一个重要问题。对于一维资源问题,一般都采用动态规划方法求解,而对于多维离散资源问题,用逐次逼近法转化为一维资源问题求解,其计算量巨大,需要利用专门的优化软件计算。本文中,将多维离散资源问题转化为0-1规划问题,并利用大家熟悉的Excel软件进行求解,以利于分析利用。算例表明,该方法是简单、有效,而且实用。     

Analytic models of resource allocation in hierarchical multi-level systems

Most analytic models of resource allocation do not consider the structure of the organization as a factor in the decision process, i.e. they assume a monolithic decision making entity. This paper surveys in a critical fashion those economic and management science models that explicitly reflect organization structure in the model structure. The theoretical and practical advantages and limitations of each model type are indicated, and developmental trends are noted and related to research requirements in the area of resource allocation in hierarchical multi-level systems.     

Entrepreneurial performance of early-stage ventures: dynamic resource management for development and growth

Effective allocation of resources for the development and growth of early-stage ventures (ESVs) is a continuous challenge for their equity stakeholders. This paper explores the relevance of intellectual capital (IC) as a critical resource for entrepreneurial performance in ESVs driven by new knowledge development and technological innovation. An interdisciplinary literature review is conducted to examine prior studies on entrepreneurial performance and resource management for ESVs. A conceptual framework is developed using a taxonomy of IC that explains how the underlying network resources enhance the development and growth of ESVs. Utilizing a multiple case study approach, this paper suggests a dynamic process of resource allocation into heterogeneous IC that are optimally coordinated by the founders during an ESV’s development and growth through interaction with external networks. This approach in resource allocation complements the staged entrepreneurial finance and investment strategy for ESVs and their subsequent developments.     

The Interpretation And Resolution Of Resource Allocation Issues In Professional Organizations: A Critical Examination Of The Professional-Manager Dichotomy*

Professional organizations have long been depicted as rife with conflict between professionals, who are assumed to represent the interests of their profession, and managers, who are assumed to represent the potentially competing interests of the organization. This study examines the validity of this assumption. Based on past research on both professional organizations and knowledge structure development, we predict that to the extent that professionals and managers conflict, they may do so because they interpret 'identical' issues differently. The results of a study of resource allocation decision preferences with 350 chief financial officers, chief medical officers, and physicians revealed strong support for our issue interpretation predictions, and virtually no support for the simple professional–manager dichotomy. Specifically, using structural equation modeling, we found that: (1) single resource allocation issues could be interpreted in multiple ways; (2) issue interpretations were strong predictors of decision preferences; (3) professionals and managers tended to interpret issues differently, although many of the differences were not consistent with past theorizing about professionals; (4) the interpretations and decision preferences of professionals who occupied management positions were like those of other professionals but different from those of managers; and (5) decision maker status (i.e., professional and/or manager) was only modestly related to decision preference. Our findings suggest that the sources and manifestations of a professional–manager dichotomy are more complex than previously reported.     

On the asymptotic behavior of stochastic economic processes : Two examples from intertemporal allocation under uncertainty

Some of the recently developed models to deal with economic problems involving uncertainty are based on simplifying assumptions on the nature of the stochastic law of the environment influencing economic decisions. Relying on the theory of martingales, we derive some general results on the asymptotic behavior of two dynamic processes that are of interest in the theory of intertemporal resource allocation. The first example is related to the ‘turnpike’ theory of optimal allocation. The second is addressed to the question of allocation of a scarce resource by using prices when the supply of the resource is random.     

铁路绿色施工现状与评价指标体系研究

可持续发展是当代国际社会普遍关注的重大问题,是人类在创造物质文明过程中付出沉重代价后形成的理性共识。绿色施工涉及到与可持续发展密切相关的社会与经济发展、资源与能源利用、生态与环境保护等问题,"绿色铁路"是社会、经济、资源、能源、环境和铁路的协调发展,本文在绿色施工的基础上提出了"绿色铁路"的基本概念和内涵,并以社会环境和经济发展、资源与能源利用和生态与环境为子系统建立了"绿色铁路"评价指标体系。力求建立资源节约、环境污染轻、运输效率高的可持续发展型绿色铁路交通运输系统。为建设资源节约型环境友好型社会作出应有的贡献。     

Does Short Selling Enhance the Allocational Role of Stock Price? Evidence from Hong Kong

We investigate the real effect of short selling on corporate investments and, in particular, examine whether short selling improves managerial learning from stock prices in making investment decisions. We find that short selling improves investment sensitivity to stock price, most likely through a channel that short selling increases stock price informativeness. Using the lifting of uptick rule for index arbitrageurs and market makers as an exogenous shock to short selling intensity, we confirm the causal effect of short selling on managerial learning. Overall, our evidence suggests that short selling enhances the role of stock price in resource allocation.     

Scarce or Abundant? The Economics of Natural Resource Availability

Most natural resources that are used in production are non‐renewable. When they become depleted they are lost for future use. Does it follow that the limited availability of natural resources will at some time in the future constrain economic growth as many environmentalists believe? While classical economists have shared the belief in limits to growth, the distinctive feature of modern neoclassical economics is its optimism about the availability of natural resources. This survey suggests that resource optimism can be summarised in four propositions. First, a rise in the price of a resource leads to a substitution of this resource with another more abundant resource and to a substitution of products that are intensive in this resource. Second, a rise in the price of a resource leads to increased recycling of the resource and to the exploration and extraction of lower quality ores. Third, man‐made capital can substitute for natural resources. Fourth, technical progress increases the efficiency of resource use and makes extraction of lower quality ores economical. In a critical analysis of these four propositions it is shown that while the conjecture that natural resources will never constrain future economic growth is logically conceivable, we do not and indeed cannot know whether it will be possible in practice to overcome any resource constraint. JEL Classification: Q20, Q30, Q40     

Relative economic efficiency in Texas nursing facilities: A profit function analysis

The purpose of this analysis is to examine the relative economic efficiency of profit-seeking versus nonprofit nursing facilities. A Cobb-Douglas profit function is used on cross-sectional data to determine the technical efficiency, price efficiency, and overall economic efficiency of Texas nursing facilities. Ownership form influences the profit level of the firm. Profit-seeking firms are more economically efficient than their nonprofit counterparts. Inclusion of price efficiency analyses reinforces profit-seeking firms’ superior technical efficiency. Additionally, nursing facilities are price takers in the output market as well as in resource markets, indicating effective industry regulation.     

Credit Where Credit is Due: A Field Survey of the Interactive Effects of Credit Expectations and Leaders’ Credit Allocation on Employee Turnover

Today's human resource management community has a strong interest in the issue of how HR practice is implemented by managers and leaders in the workplace. In this article, we investigate how one specific practice, leaders’ public recognition of a job well done (i.e., credit allocation), impacts employee turnover. Based on expectancy violations, psychological contracts, and turnover research, we predicted that subordinates would be more likely to leave an organization if their leader took credit for their work, but only if the credit taking violated subordinates’ expectations. In a field survey of organizational employees, we found that the effects of credit taking on turnover were negated when subordinates’ expectations and leaders’ credit allocation behavior were aligned. However, when leaders’ credit behavior came as a surprise, participants responded negatively when expectations were not met and positively when expectations were exceeded. We discuss the implications of these results for both theory and practice. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

External and internal labour flexibility in Spain: a substitute or complementary effect on firm performance?

The contingent perspective in strategic human resource management maintains that it is necessary to observe the interaction between human resource practices by encouraging external and internal labour flexibility. An issue still to be resolved is whether this fit leads to a complementary or substitute effect on firm performance. In order to contribute to this debate, we examine how the relationship between external labour flexibility and firm performance is moderated by the degree of internal labour flexibility. To do this, we use the Survey on Business Strategies of the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade on a sample of 1,403 Spanish industrial firms. The results show the existence of a substitute effect between the two types of labour flexibility. Using them simultaneously does not lead to greater benefits for firms.     

企业绩效考评浅析

随着经济的全球化和信息时代的到来,每个企业都面临日益激烈的市场竞争。为了提高自己的竞争能力和适应能力,企业越来越重视自身的人力资源管理,而绩效考评是企业人力资源管理工作的重要内容,对企业合理用人、公正分配、调动员工积极性起着重要作用。本文在介绍常用的绩效考评方法的同时,对企业如何建立适合自身发展的绩效考评体系并正确实施绩效考评进行了分析。     

Subgame perfection and the ethics of competition

This paper integrates economics and business ethics through the use of the subgame perfection/backward induction decision rule. It is shown that textbook examples of subgame perfection differ in their ethical complexity. Specifically, predatory pricing is difficult to justify on both game‐theoretic and ethical grounds, whereas ‘poison pill’ takeover defenses have complex economic and ethical ramifications. Further, I employ backward induction to examine two additional areas of ethics and management decision‐making: product recall (the Ford Explorer and Firestone tires), and price versus advertising competition. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国公路工程施工中机械设备的应用和管理

在公路工程项目施工中,筑路机械设备资源的配置和管理水平的高低,直接影响和决定着工程质量、施工工期和进度等。因此,在公路工程项目施工中机械化管理起着越来越重要的作用,加强工程机械设备的管理,就要做到科学管理、合理使用、及时保养、视情维修,以便更好的为公路工程建设服务,充分发挥施工机械设备的最佳经济效益。本文对公路工程施工机械设备的应用管理进行分析探讨,不足之处,请各位专家指证。     

A model for resource allocation in complex hierarchies

Most models of resource allocation activity usually assume either a black box or a simple pyramidal hierarchy of black boxes as the organizational context for decision making. However, there are a number of resource allocation activities that take place in more complex hierarchies. These cases have been slighted by researchers, in part, because of a lack of practicable models. This paper presents a multiple-criterion resource allocation model specifically directed towards non-pyramidal hierarchies and other more complex organizational structures. A number of examples are discussed and a numerical example is presented.     

Energy prices and aggregate economic activity: an interpretative survey

In this article, we survey the theory and evidence linking fluctuations in energy prices to those in aggregate economic activity. We then examine the implications of this research for both monetary policy and energy policy in response to oil price shocks. The currently available research seems to provide relatively reliable guidance for monetary policy. Because the precise channels through which oil price shocks affect economic activity are only partially known, however, research offers less guidance about how countries should design energy policy should cope with oil price shocks.