Who Gains from the Demographic Dividend? Forecasting Income by Age

Changes in the population age structure are known to influence the total income per person, but little is known about whether the changes are equally shared across the population or are concentrated on particular age groups and/or birth cohorts. The answer to this question has potentially important implications for income inequality, human capital investment, and fertility decision-making. We propose a new model of intergenerational transfers which distinguishes between the effects of changes in population structure and the effects of changes in family age structure. Using age-specific data from annual income and expenditure surveys of Taiwan between 1978 and 1998, we show that changes in age structure have had a very favorable effect on Taiwan's income growth. The gains are not equally shared by all age groups, however. Children and young adults have benefited the most, while the elderly have benefited the least. The population and family age structures have independent effects on per capita income; the effect of the population age structure is most important. Generational differences in per capita income are closely related to intergenerational differences in earnings, suggesting only a weak form of altruism. Finally, we predict that, on average, population aging will adversely influence the per capita income growth in Taiwan in the coming decades.     

耕地资源利用的代际公平原则与社会经济可持续发展

论文在界定耕地资源代际公平内涵的基础上,阐述代际公平原则对传统经济学理论的挑战,接着指出了我国目前耕地资源利用存在着数量存量失衡和功能存量的危机,最后提出了我国耕地资源利用代际失衡的原因及对策.     

Networks and leadership development: Building linkages for capacity acquisition and capital accrual

Social networks can aid the leadership development process through facilitating access to important developmental assignments and the acquisition of capabilities to handle associated challenges. Although much of the traditional focus of leadership development has been on building intrapersonal capabilities, functioning effectively as a leader necessitates the development of interpersonal capabilities associated with dyadic ties and relational capabilities associated with patterns of ties within networks. Such capabilities allow aspiring managers to accrue not only human capital, but social and system capital as well. Aspiring managers can tap task, career, and friendship/support networks to aid developmental and career success. Structure factors, including strategic choices, network characteristics, and the technological interface moderate the ability of managers to convert potential network contacts into significant leadership development and capital accrual. Personal factors also influence leadership development prospects. Overall, there are many ways in which network concepts associated with dyadic and relational levels of analysis can facilitate addressing the challenges that are key to leadership development.     

论当前形势下经济法的发展趋势

当前经济的快速发展,引发了一系列的问题和矛盾。突出的是市场的无序和社会的两级分化问题。要解决此类问题,主要依靠法律,尤其是以社会为本位的经济法。     

Influences on expatriate social networks in China

This study applied social network theory to investigate the factors influencing expatriate social networks and the consequences of expatriate social networks in China. Based on analysis of 171 Taiwanese expatriates in China, this study found that core self-evaluations and extraversion are significant for expatriates in developing expressive and instrumental ties with host country nationals. Moreover, job autonomy assists expatriates in developing instrumental ties with host country nationals. The expressive and instrumental ties of expatriates with host country nationals are significant for overseas adaptation. Finally, instrumental ties with host country nationals are significant for expatriate job performance.     

COPYRIGHT AND ARTISTS: A VIEW FROM CULTURAL ECONOMICS

Abstract.  Most of the standard economic literature on copyright ignores a number of aspects that have considerable significance for cultural production and for artists, the primary creators of copyright works, the supply of which copyright is supposed to stimulate. Specifically, there is little mention in that literature of moral rights, no distinction is made between copyright for authors and neighbouring rights for performers, the distributional effects of copyright are barely referred to, and the question of how much artists earn from copyright is ignored. In this article, I survey work that relates copyright and cultural economics showing that cultural economics offers another view to the 'standard' economics of copyright. Moreover, the case for government intervention in the arts and heritage made by cultural economists has resonance for the economic rationale of copyright.     

网络中心性对企业绩效的影响研究——创新关联、政治关联和技术不确定性的调节效应

社会网络对于网络成员通过组织间关系来获取关键资源具有重要价值,而企业在网络结构中的位置则是影响其资源获取能力的关键因素。同时,企业的资源获取能力还会受到企业与网络外部组织之间的关系联结以及市场环境等情境因素的影响。本文基于社会网络理论,以网络中心性作为自变量,以创新关联、政治关联和技术不确定性作为调节变量,对网络中心性对企业绩效的影响机制进行了理论探索与实证研究。结果显示,网络中心性对企业绩效具有显著的正向影响,创新关联和政治关联均对网络中心性与企业绩效之间的这种关系产生显著的正向调节作用,而技术不确定性的调节作用并未得到支持。     

INSTITUTIONS,ECONOMICS AND THE DEVELOPMENT QUEST

Institutions crucial for the analysis of how agents deal with uncertainty have been gaining increasing relevance on the economic research agenda. In this paper, we analyze the institutional literature aiming to explain why this perspective obtains better results than others in development economics. In particular, we stress the relevance of New Institutional Economics as an adequate framework for a broad understanding of development issues.     

PROTECTION OF PROPERTY RIGHTS AND GROWTH AS POLITICAL EQUILIBRIA

Abstract This paper presents a survey of the literature on property rights and economic growth. Different theoretical mechanisms that relate property rights to economic development are discussed. Lack of protection of property rights can result in slow economic growth through different channels: expropriation of private wealth, corruption of civil servants, excessive taxation and barriers to adoption of new technologies. The origins of property rights are also considered. Different theories are illustrated but more attention is paid to the ‘social conflict view’ and its success and limitations. The second part of the paper illustrates relevant empirical works on property rights and growth.     

Fiscal transfers in Turkey: Do politics matter?

Local fiscal transfer rules in Turkey were revised in 2008, such that, while a significant portion of transfers continued to be based on population size, the remainder was distributed based on other criteria such as the development index. In this paper, we investigate the extent of fiscal fairness in Turkey during the period 2008–2012. We define fiscal fairness by the degree of association of transfers and local spending with the structural and socioeconomic indicators, as opposed to political-party associations. Our empirical analysis reveals that while local fiscal transfers during the investigated period were significantly correlated with the socioeconomic and structural indicators, political factors also played a significant role. Particularly, we find robust evidence that cities where the incumbent party-AKP (Justice and Development Party), who won significantly more votes in the general elections than the main opposition party-CHP (Republican People's Party), received significantly more transfers and fiscal spending than the rest. The evidence also suggests that the metropolitan municipalities held by CHP received significantly more government expenditure than the rest; though less robust than the former. This observation also holds for the metropolitan municipalities held by AKP. Additionally, we observe that cities with metropolitan municipalities that were governed by either the incumbent or the main opposition party, were less fiscally independent than the rest. We also note, however, that given the increasing opacity in data reporting, this study does not account for the large amounts of public funds that are allocated in tenders with special invitees, via public–private partnerships or in the form of social assistance, although they are also likely to constitute a major component of politically-biased fiscal transfers during the study period.     

基于城市联系的甘肃省区域发展战略

首先从城市经济联系的首位度出发,通过分析甘肃省14个地级市(州)的中心职能强度,将14个城市划分为四类;其次进行了兰州和甘肃省毗邻的省会城市与省内部分城市间的经济联系强度、经济之间的经济隶属度和可达性的比较、分析;最后指出,甘肃省要实现跨越式发展的目标,除了以区域经济发展新战略为指导外,还应该加强与毗邻省份省会城市的经济联系,特别是与西安、西宁等省会城市的联系。     

A SURVEY OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE LITERATURE OF FINANCE AND GROWTH

Abstract.  This paper provides a survey of the recent progress in the literature of financial development and economic growth. The survey highlights that most empirical studies focus on either testing the role of financial development in stimulating economic growth or examining the direction of causality between these two variables. Although the positive role of finance on growth has become a stylized fact, there are some methodological reservations about the results from these empirical studies. Several key issues unresolved in the literature are highlighted. The paper also points to several directions for future research.     

会计信息质量现状及对策分析

会计信息质量特征作为会计体系的基石,对于丰富和发展会计理论体系具有指导作用。本文旨在对会计信息质量特征作出界定,对会计信息现状进行了分析,同时还提出了相关治理对策,以期为提高会计信息质量提供借鉴与参考。     

A historical review of early entrepreneurial theatrical activity in a growing railroad center

The railway system played a large part in the industrialization of America and the migration westward, and was also a major cause for the growth of the American theatre, especially in the American frontier. It provided an exceptional opportunity for any entrepreneurially oriented, as well as economically dissatisfied actor who followed these pioneers in these territories and helped established theatres to meet the cultural expectations of the pioneer audience. As long as there was economic development in a pioneer region, and as long as there was adequate transportation, especially railroad, a pioneer town became a center in which people from surrounding areas usually congregated and theatres flourished. The purpose of this paper is to undertake one such historical review of entrepreneurial theatrical emergence as a contributing societal platform of civic, cultural, and artistic perspectives and realities in the development of a locale, namely, the railroad center of Jackson, Michigan.     

论可持续发展的经济法原则

伴随经济的不断发展,资源也在逐渐减少,如何有效利用资源,实现经济的可持续发展变得至关重要,可持续发展已渗透到经济发展的各个领域,本文主要从经济法的角度浅析可持续发展。     

基于社会、经济可持续发展的城镇廉租住房租金定价及补贴模型研究——以广州市为例

利用可持续发展理论,从社会、经济可持续发展视角对廉租住房租金与补贴方案的制定进行理论分析。从廉租户的房租负担能力、政府财政负担能力、建造运营成本、区域因素与个别因素等方面分析影响廉租住房租金和补贴的因素。结合广州现行的廉租住房租金政策,逐步建立符合可持续、可负担原则和具备动态调整性的廉租住房实物配租租金定价模型与货币配租补贴模型,并利用案例对其检验,最后得出结论。     

Financial Liberalisation and Economic Development: An Assessment

Abstract.  The financial sector has always played a central role in economic development, but analysis of its precise role has been hampered by the emphasis on 'real' factors in the main stream of economic thought and the static nature of financial theory. Empirical studies confirm the importance of finance to economic development, but are indecisive on the efficaciousness of the widely advocated policies associated with financial liberalisation. To be successful, strategies for financial liberalisation must deal with problems generated by asymmetric information and have policies to promote competition, the disclosure of information and the maintenance of governmental integrity.