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Social capital theory generally analyses network structures by focusing on the connections between players. However, it has been suggested by several authors that the absence of relations in a network or ‘structural holes’ is meaningful. The aim of our paper is to provide a global survey and appraisal of the academic research on structural holes and discuss its main measurements. We adopt a bibliometric approach and identify a typology of practices, developments, and issues related to structural holes. We highlight a strand of work on operationalization of structural holes, and discuss the various measures they propose. We provide numerical examples emphasizing the respective advantages and limitations of the studied measures. Based on our results, we propose a guide to using existing measures of structural holes according to the type (simple or complex) of network. 相似文献
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风险投资推动我国高新技术产业发展对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
科技生产力是当代先进生产力的标志和体现,发展生产力主要依靠科技进步。科技成果只有转化、高科技只有产业化才能形成科技生产力。风险投资在高新技术产业过程中发挥着关键性作用。我国风险投资目前还存在许多制约因素,要促进高新技术产业化,迫切需要我们发展和完善我国风险投资体系,加快风险投资业的发展。 相似文献
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文章从风险投资微观运作过程入手,对风险投资“退出”内涵进行了系统的界定,详细分析了风险投资“退出”的微观经济功能。文章认为:风险投资“退出”由风险投资项目退出和风险投资基金退出两部分内容构成,是针对风险投资中存在的双重委托———代理关系的最佳制度安排。 相似文献
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关于商誉的构成要素,学界对此众说不一,本文以企业清算为研究背景,对企业清算中未予评估处理的无形资本进行了分析介绍,认为企业清算中损耗的无形资本包括:依附于企业的人力资本、企业的组织资本和企业的社会资本,并认为这些无形资本是构成企业商誉的要素,为理解商誉的价值源泉提供了一个新的角度。 相似文献
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文章从资金运营和风险管理等方面分析企业资金管理中存在的问题,探讨构建资金运营和风险管理战略的具体措施,以增强企业实力和可持续发展竞争力. 相似文献
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在建立了一个包含金融发展的更广泛要素的农业投入产出函数基础上,使用面板单位根和面板协整技术分析得出:我国农业生产方式由粗放型向集约型转化;农业的持续发展依赖于农业机械化水平的提高、国家的投入和农村金融发展;农村剩余劳动力的转移将由第二产业和第三产业完成;农村金融发展通过提高资金使用效率对于农业经济增长具有强劲推动作用并且能够缩小金融的二元结构,进而缩小城乡收入差距;国际贸易的比较尤势和绝对优势理论可以应用到我国地区经济发展和增长方面.因此,对于具有不同优势的地区,应该因地制宜,充分利用和巩固优势,切不可盲目模仿和复制,这样做将增加经济和社会的发展效率和质量. 相似文献
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随着国家对自主创新支持力度的加大,由地方政府主导的创业投资引导基金成为培育企业自主创新、推动本地经济发展的重要途径。辽宁省应结合自身实际,借鉴各地的经验和作法,在落实引导基金的基础上,创新本省的引导基金运作模式,促进本省产业结构调整。 相似文献
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面对日益增强的全球竞争,代工企业必须不断地进行产品开发能力的提升才能满足国外顾客企业快速变化的需求.为实现这一目的,代工企业需要向国外顾客企业学习.然而,现有研究很少实证探讨这一问题.因此,基于组织学习视角,本文实证探讨了国际代工关系中的社会资本、组织间学习、组织内学习与代工企业产品开发能力之间的关系.通过珠三角143家代工企业的数据收集,研究结果显示代工企业同国外顾客企业之间社会资本显著正向影响双方的组织间学习,组织间学习显著正向影响组织内学习和产品开发能力,组织内学习显著正向影响产品开发能力. 相似文献
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本文研究“社会资本”与“核心关系能力”的整合。首先界定“社会资本”的概念,然后以核心能力特征参量罗盘作为指导,全面展开论述企业“核心关系能力”相应四方面的投资策略。 相似文献
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In this research, we disentangle the relationship between several key aspects of a team leader's experience and the likelihood of improvement project success. Using the lens of socio-technical systems, we argue that the effect of team leader experience derives from the social system as well as the technical system. The aspects of team leader experience we examine include team leader social capital (a part of the social system) and team leader experience leading projects of the same type (a part of the technical system).We examine four different, yet related, dimensions of a team leader's social capital, which we motivate based on the social networks literature. One dimension, team leader familiarity, suggests that social capital is created when team leaders have experience working with current team members on prior improvement projects, and that such social capital increases the likelihood of improvement project success. We develop three additional dimensions, using social network analysis (SNA), to capture the idea that the improvement team leader's social capital extends beyond the current team to include everyone the leader has previously worked with on improvement projects. Contrasting our SNA-based dimensions with team leader familiarity enables us to better understand the impact of a team leader's social capital both inside and beyond the team. We also examine the effect of a team leader's experience leading prior projects of the same type, and consider the extent to which organizational experience may moderate the impact of both team leader social capital and same-type project experience.Based on analysis of archival data of six sigma projects spanning six years from a Fortune 500 consumer products manufacturer, we find that two of our SNA-based dimensions of team leader social capital, as well as experience leading projects of the same type, increase the likelihood of project success. In addition, we show that organizational experience moderates the relationship between team leader same-type project experience and project success. However, this is not the case for the relationship between the dimensions of team leader social capital and project success. These results provide insights regarding how dimensions of team leader experience and organizational experience collectively impact the operational performance of improvement teams. 相似文献
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社会资本发展对企业财务的影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
社会资本理论于80年代晚期才引起理论界的广泛关注,此后又引入企业社会资本概念。社会资本的积累直接关系到企业的生存与发展,本文将社会资本理论应用于财务领域,从收益和风险两方面探讨了企业投资于社会资本应考虑的问题,为企业有目的地构建社会资本做初步分析。 相似文献
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María José Rodríguez Francisco Javier Santos 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2009,5(1):45-64
The main objective of this research is to study gender differences in the process of firm creation, especially in the gestation stage of that process when nascent entrepreneurs carry out the promoter behaviours. A second objective is to analyse if the cognitive and structural endowments of social capital exert an influence on the promoter behaviours and on the kind of firms created by entrepreneurs of both genders. To reach the objectives, firstly, a theoretical framework will be developed and secondly, an empirical analysis starting from a sample of nascent entrepreneurs in the Seville province (southern Spain) will be carried out. Due to women entrepreneurs being considered nowadays essential for growth and development everywhere, results obtained could help to improve the efficiency of policies that lead to the promotion and consolidation of the female participation rate in entrepreneurial activity. 相似文献
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The relationship of mentoring and network resources, the two components of social capital, with career success was investigated in a sample of 113 Chinese white-collar workers. The findings suggested that the prevalence of mentoring in the Chinese workplace is substantially higher than in the Anglo-Saxon workplace, and that Chinese employees do not distinguish their network ties or Guanxi into expressive and instrumental. These results were in line with the presumption that mentoring is an integral part of the Chinese culture and with the view that network ties or Guanxi in the Chinese society cannot exist in a purely instrumental form. In contrast to hypotheses, however, the findings suggest a limited relationship between social capital and career success. In particular, the amount of mentoring, participants reported they had received, was related to their intrinsic career success but not to their extrinsic career success; and the amount of network resources or Guanxi was related neither to extrinsic nor to intrinsic career success. These results were largely at odds with the accumulated knowledge on the benefits of social capital for career success. The findings are discussed with respect to the changing nature of the Chinese business and organizational environment, and their implications for human resource practices. 相似文献
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城市规划、城市空间环境建设与城市社会发展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在社会发展、社会发展目标内涵的基础上,总结了近现代城市规划中蕴涵的社会思想,分析了城市空间环境建设与城市社会发展目标之间的相互作用关系,提出了与城市规划建设相关的社会发展目标,并探讨了有助于实现社会发展目标的城市规划调控与改革的方向. 相似文献
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《Economic Systems》2022,46(4):101036
Social capital consists of trust, collective values, and shared norms. It helps society to work efficiently and, hence, promotes knowledge accumulation and growth. This paper identifies the contribution of social capital to differences in total factor productivity among European subnational regions, but, unlike other studies, it focuses on the effects of interregional differences in social capital. To do so, the paper employs a spatial Durbin model of a social-capital extended Cobb-Douglas production function. Our results suggest that transfers of knowledge might be secondary to the presence of collectivism and human capital in knowledge-generating regions. Although knowledge can cross boundaries, an absence of skills and trust limits local growth capacity. Our estimations also suggest the presence of gravity effects emanating from social and human capital in which some regions lose against others nearby that have more abundant social and human capital. 相似文献
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《Socio》2021
This paper introduces new methods of modeling and analyzing social networks that emerge in the context of disease spread. Four methods of constructing informative networks are presented, two of which use. static data and two use temporal data, namely individual citizen mobility observations taken over an extensive period of time. We show how the built networks can be analyzed, and how the numerical results can be interpreted, using network permutation-based surprise analysis. In doing so, we explain the relationship of surprise analysis with conventional network hypothesis testing and Quadratic Assignment Procedure regression. Surprise analysis is more comprehensive, and can be without limitation performed with any form(s) of network subgraphs, including those with multiple nodal attributes, weighted links, and temporal features. To illustrate our methodological work in application, we put them to use for interpreting networks constructed from the data collected over one year in an observational study in Buffalo and Erie counties in New York state during the 2016–2017 influenza season. Even with the limitations in the data size, our methods are able to reveal the global (city- and season-wide) patterns in the spread of influenza, taking into account population mobility and socio-economic factors. 相似文献