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1.
Lindahl and Nash equilibria are often used in the theory of public good. Shitovitz and Spiegel (1998) present an example of 2-person economy with one private good and one pure public good, where the core efficient Lindahl allocation does not Pareto dominate the (inefficient) Nash allocation. In this paper we introduce the new concept of Trading equilibrium for a general public good economy with smooth preferences and a mixed measure space of consumers. We obtain that this economy admits a unique Trading equilibrium. Moreover, the Trading equilibrium induces a core allocation that strictly Pareto dominates the Nash allocation.  相似文献   

2.
“生态城市”的分类与经验推广问题   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
生态城市已然成为最热门话题之一,而如何建设生态城市也已经摆上各地方的议事日程。然而生态城市的概念即使在学术界也尚未澄清,若从实践角度把握生态城市的概念将更具参考价值。通过全球六个优秀生态城市案例的分析比较,作者提出在当前的生态城市实践中存在三种类型:理想规划型、小规模技术优化型和大规模整体改善型。这些生态城市都有着某种程度上相类似的发展理念和实践经验。然而,经验的推广需要特别避免生搬硬套式的复制,而应该鼓励统观全局,着手关键,因地制宜,分工协作的协同规划模式,通过对各类生态城市实践经验的学习-消化-吸收-转化的过程,帮助各地方切实实现生态城市建设的终极目标。  相似文献   

3.
We consider Research-Development joint ventures where adverse selection arises in knowledge sharing, while there is moral hazard involved in the choice of private development efforts aimed at translating privately acquired and/or shared knowledge into valuable marketable innovations. We extend earlier work by Bhattacharya et al. [Bhattacharya, S., Glazer, J., Sappington, D., 1992. Licensing and the Sharing of Knowledge in Research Joint Ventures, J. Econ. Theory, Vol. 56, pp. 43–69.] to situations where one cannot identify a ‘most knowledgeable' partner, by giving conditions under which there exist transfers implementing both efficient first best knowledge sharing and subsequent development efforts.  相似文献   

4.
具有网络效应的产品的价格竞争分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
具有网络效应的产品是指消费者在消费这种产品时所获得的效用会随着购买这种产品的其他消费者数量的增加而不断增加的产品。本文通过建立一个有两个厂商的离散动态决策模型,研究在分散决策的市场经济中生产具有网络效应的产品的厂商的价格决策对产品市场占有率的影响,价格决策影响产品市场占有率的动态演化的过程,以及市场均衡的务件和特征,包括产品不占有市场、占有部分市场以及上有今都市场的价格条件。  相似文献   

5.
We present a model of a fiscal constitution (i.e., a transfer scheme between income classes) that is self-enforcing against a background in which predatory activities (‘revolutions’) are feasible. In this environment, a constitution self-enforces by structuring society’s interests in such a way that non- compliance necessarily results in a revolution which society would rather avoid.   相似文献   

6.
股票市场中股票价格的波动是相互影响的,但不同的股票其价格波动时对其他股票价格行为的影响能力是不同的。本文通过对我国上海A股市场的实证分析表明,有少数股票其价格波动时对其他股票价格行为有很强的影响能力,而大多数股票的这种影响能力很小。此外,单个股票价格波动时引起其他股票价格涨、跌的能力一般都有显著差异。  相似文献   

7.
王晓东 《价值工程》2008,27(5):90-92
为了方便地预测大型商品的价格,建立了一个模糊神经网络预测模型。该模型能够通过分析影响商品价格的各种参数及历史数据来评定一个新商品的大致价格水平。同时,在比较了FNN与ANN的基础上得出了FNN的优势。  相似文献   

8.
投标人参考点效应与最优公开保留价博弈分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文从行为经济学出发,用博弈论的方法研究存在参考点效应时,投标人在第一价格和第二价格密封招标中的报价策略以及招标人的最优公开保留价定价策略,并对不同招标方式下投标人的期望收益进行比较。本文给出存在参考点效应时招标最优公开保留价的定价公式,分析了参考点效应和投标人数对最优公开保留价的影响。研究表明,在采用公开保留价的情况下,考虑投标人参考点效应对报价策略的影响时,不同招标方式给投标人带来的期望收益是相等的,即此时招标支付等价性命题仍然成立。此外,随着投标人参考点效应的增强和投标人数的增加,招标人的最优公开保留价下降。  相似文献   

9.
本文将投标人平行串谋问题与招标人公开保留价定价策略相结合,研究了第二价格密封招标方式下投标串谋联盟的串谋报价及利润分配机制,分析了串谋联盟的存在对非串谋联盟中成员的投标策略和期望利润的影响,揭示了串谋联盟成员人数与串谋联盟总收益之间的关系,探讨了招标人公开保留价定价策略、串谋联盟成员人数与招标公开保留价之间的关系,指出了招标人应通过降低公开保留价的方式来防止或减少投标人平行串谋行为的发生。  相似文献   

10.
Civil wars and conflict can be understood from an economic point of view only if there is incomplete contracting. I examine such settings and first discuss sources of incomplete contracting, from geography and ethnic and social distance to external interventions due to geopolitics or the presence of rents. Yet, since war is destructive, the contending parties might normally be expected to settle in the shadow of war. One reason that sometimes they do not, contrary to conventional wisdom, is because the shadow of the future is too long. Subsequently, using a formal model for guidance I examine some consequences of civil wars and emphasize the role hierarchical organization and rents play in determining the severity of conflict.   相似文献   

11.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Provision of most public goods (e.g., health care, libraries, education, police, fire protection, utilities) can be characterized by a two-stage production process. In the first-stage, basic inputs (e.g., labor and capital) are used to generate service potential (e.g., opening hours, materials), which is then, in the second-stage, transformed into observed outputs (e.g., school outcomes, library circulation, crimes solved). As final outputs are also affected by demand-side factors, conflating both production stages likely leads to biased inferences about public productive (in)efficiency and its determinants. Hence, this paper uses a specially tailored, fully non-parametric efficiency model allowing for both outlying observations and heterogeneity to analyse efficient public good provision in stage one only. We thereby employ a dataset comprising all 290 Flemish public libraries. Our findings suggest that ideological stance of the local government, wealth and density of the local population and source of library funding (i.e., local funding versus intergovernmental transfers) strongly affect library productive efficiency.  相似文献   

12.
    
This paper investigates welfare targeting for public goods in networks. First, we show that a tax/subsidy scheme (not necessarily budget-balanced) affects each consumer only insofar as it affects his neighbourhood. Second, we show that either a Pareto-improving income redistribution can be found or there exist Negishi weights, which we relate to the network structure. Third, in the case of Cobb–Douglas preferences, we show that a Law of Welfare Targeting holds and links two well-known notions of the comparative statics of policy interventions: neutrality and welfare paradoxical effects. Collectively, our findings uncover the importance of the 1 eigenvalue to economic and social policy: it is an indication of how consumers absorb the impact of income redistribution.  相似文献   

13.
本研究将合作博弈引入地方政府购买公共服务研究中,分析地方政府、企业及第三部门各自的目标函数和博弈资源,构建地方政府网络治理主体合作博弈模型。研究表明:各治理主体通过合作可以实现资源互补与共享,获得合作收益,各主体基于各自目标函数追求自身利益最大化的冲动引致了博弈,并在博弈的过程中表现出利益二元化的特征,在权衡自身利益、合作收益以及社会公共利益后不断调整策略;为确保良好的治理效果,提出从监督、信任、利益分配、信息披露与共享四个方面规范治理主体的行为。  相似文献   

14.
改革的深化以及市场经济的发展,社会出现了许多新的情况:随着城市化进程的加快,大量的农村人口涌入城市,对这部分人进行有效的管理包括户籍管理提出了严峻的挑战;诸如土地买卖、房屋拆迁的群体性事件增多;对于网络这个虚拟社会的管理也显得非常重要。上述这些问题都对公安机关新形势下在社会管理方面提出了挑战。本文从公安机关的性质职能、社会管理方面的特征等入手通过分析现阶段社会管理方面面临的问题及原因,提出了公安机关在社会管理方面的建议,以期能提高我国公安机关的管理效率,为和谐社会的建立提供一个良好的环境。  相似文献   

15.
本文通过对国外公告地价体系构成和作用归纳总结,根据我国公告地价体系发展的实际情况,提出在我国应构建以基准地价和标定地价为双核心的公告地价体系,并就二者在公告地价体系中的作用定位及互动机制进行了探讨与设计.最后,论文提出了发展完善我国公告地价体系的相关建议,即出台相应的公告地价体系法律法规及技术规范,研究确定基准地价和标定地价的区别及其联系,推动我国科学、合理公告地价体系的建立.  相似文献   

16.
房地产行业资金密集性的特点决定了其必然受到利率政策的重大影响。本文从利率政策的非对称性视角出发,区分扩张性和紧缩性利率政策区间,建立向量自回归与误差修正模型,并进行脉冲响应和方差分解分析,研究结果表明扩张性利率政策对房价的促进作用要强于紧缩性利率政策对房价的抑制作用。如果欲促进房地产复苏,则降低与投资者和消费者成本收益紧密相关的短中期存贷款利率;如果欲遏制房价过快上涨,则提高短期存款利率和长期贷款利率。根据实证研究的结果,文章提出了有针对性的政策建议。  相似文献   

17.
文章通过对合理低价法评标现状及存在问题的分析,结合我国的实际情况,以现行评标办法为基础,对合理低价评标法中报价的合理性评判及相关规章制度,作了进一步的分析和探讨。  相似文献   

18.
生产要素选择与社会福利关系的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通常企业偏爱价格低的生产要素,因为低价生产要素更加有助于企业实现生产成本最小化。但是,企业的生产不仅产生企业私人收益而且也可能带来外部不经济,这些都会影响社会福利的增长。为此,我们通过构建价格函数以及相应的社会福利函数,导出兼顾企业收益和环保收益的要素价格及生产能力,并最终归纳出生产要素的四种模式,希望能为政府决策提供参考。  相似文献   

19.
Abstract. This paper reviews the literature on measurement error in the major US price indexes—the Consumer Price Index (CPI), the Producer Price Index (RPI), and the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) deflators. We take as our point of departure Triplett's, 1975, survey and focus on the studies of measurement error that have appeared since then. We review the problems of substitution bias, quality bias, new goods bias, and outlet substitution bias that are generally considered to be the main sources of error in price indexes. The bulk of the paper is devoted to problems in the CPI and PPI, as the GDP deflators tend to be based mainly on the components of these series. We find that there has been surprisingly little work on the problem of overall measurement error in any of these price indexes, and we conclude that there is very little scientific basis for the commonly accepted notion that measured inflation at 2 to 3 percent a year is consistent with price stability.  相似文献   

20.
为了真实反映天津房地产价格的变动情况,为政府宏观调控和企业投资提供参考和依据,本文采用特征价格法建立了房地产价格指数模型,并采用实际的交易数据进行分析。通过将不同品质的房产修正到同一价格水平线上,使房地产价格指数能更加客观、真实、合理地体现整个市场的房价波动情况。通过连续两年的价格指数观察表明,基于特征价格法的房地产价格指数具有合理性和可行性。  相似文献   

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