冰雪旅游生态化发展范畴、问题与路径

冰雪旅游的生态化发展,是国家绿色、低碳、循环经济体系建设的重要环节,对于三北区域开发与振兴、美丽中国建设、保障冬奥会圆满举办具有重大战略意义。本研究基于规范分析与实证分析相结合的研究范式,分析了冰雪旅游生态化发展范畴及其生态环境依赖性,评估了冰雪旅游区域生态足迹以及生态环境影响机制。研究显示：中国冰雪旅游发展迅速且生态化趋势明显,但仍存在突出问题;冰雪旅游开发总体上表现为生态盈余,但部分重点地区处于生态赤字状态,超过了冰雪旅游接纳能力上限;部分重点冰雪旅游区域仍处于经济-环境曲线拐点左侧,生态环境压力可能将呈现高发态势。本文还探索提出了冰雪旅游生态化发展路径,强调亟待展开冰雪旅游的国土空间管控和生态化创新系统建构。     

国内生态旅游环境承载力研究进展

进行生态旅游环境承载力理论与量化方法的研究,对于指导生态旅游可持续发展,协调旅游活动和环境的关系具有十分重要而迫切的现实意义。本文论述生态旅游环境承载力概念和理论发展过程,指出了生态旅游环境承载力具有主观性和客观性、区域性和时间性、动态性和可调控性、有限性和复杂性的主要特征。在此基础上,对目前国内用于生态旅游环境承载力评价指标和定量的方法进行分析,对生态旅游环境承载力研究的发展趋势进行了讨论。     

传统与复建历史文化街区文旅融合特征与路径——基于符号学视角

历史文化街区既是城市文化的重要地标,也是旅游发展的重要资源,由此成为新时期文旅融合的重要实践载体。本研究基于符号学视角,选取黄山市屯溪区毗邻的屯溪老街和黎阳in巷分别作为传统与复建历史文化街区代表,基于扎根理论构建历史文化街区文旅融合的符号学理论框架。实证分析表明：传统与复建两类历史文化街区均形成了主题定位、文旅功能、空间布局、物质载体、业态产品、旅游服务六方面的文化和旅游符号,前者以传统文化符号居多,后者以现代旅游符号居多;两类街区文化和旅游符号融合的独特性、凸显性、融合性和适应性等特征差异明显,前者偏向地域文化的独特性,后者偏向旅游介入的适应性。据此提出传统历史文化街区“旅游趋向”和复建历史文化街区“文化趋向”的文旅融合路径,两类街区在文化传承与旅游发展中应加强文化资源符号化、资源功能多元化、符号空间整合化、文化符号全景化,促进文化产品价值化、旅游服务品质化,以实现历史文化街区可持续发展。     

New perspectives in Caribbean tourism

Forests are an important store of carbon within the global carbon cycle and increasingly play a role in climate change adaptation and mitigation. The review illustrates that the cultural, economic and environmental services of forests that are utilized for tourism and recreation are being affected by climate change. In addition to the changes to the distribution and composition of forests as a result of climate change, forest tourism is also affected by changes in frequency and intensity of fires, storm damage and the introduction of alien species. On examining the relevant literature on forests, tourism and climate change, the review identifies the need for a greater understanding of tourist perception of forest change as a major research task. There is also a need for better understanding of systemic effects of tourism-related climate change adaptation and mitigation policies on forest conservation and deforestation. The need for further research of urban forests and woodlands for climate change adaptation and mitigation and their potential implications for tourism and leisure is also highlighted.     

Perspectives on gift exchange and hospitable behaviour

The purpose of this paper is to examine hospitality through the metaphor of gift exchange. Cultural and symbolic aspects of gift giving, receiving and reciprocity are discussed and related to public and private hospitality. Attention is given to the motives of the giver and reccipient, consideration of the development and projection of identities and examination of the devices of social control which can be deployed through both activities. The central processes of human interaction and extension of social relationships are introduced utilising a symbolic interactionist perspective with reflection to commercial hospitality situations.     

Adolescents’ choice and pursuit of their most important and interesting leisure activities

This study investigated the choice and pursuit of adolescents’ most important and interesting leisure activity. It is underpinned by the concept of serious leisure, recent perceptions of seriousness as a continuum and calls for incorporating contextual elements of serious activity pursuit. A questionnaire survey was administered to 832 students from 10 secondary schools in Hong Kong. Students were asked to nominate leisure activity that they regarded as most important and interesting as well as to complete an adapted version of the Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure (SLIM). Results showed the popularity of sports and performance and graphic arts activities and of psychological reasons for activity choice. There were variations in activity choice between boys and girls and across schools as well as across levels of seriousness in activity pursuit. The study adds to the scant knowledge of adolescents’ serious leisure and enhances understanding of motives for and meanings of serious engagement.     

旅游人才开发管理中的十大关系

人才竞争是现代旅游竞争制胜的关键。本文简要地分析了我国旅游人才开发管理中“旅游人才开发与旅游业发展”、“人才需求与人才供给”、“人才数量与人才质量”、“从业人员资格准入与在职培训”、“院校培养与继续教育”、“培养人才与使用人才”、“人才流动与人才稳定”、“宏观管理、行政开发与微观管理、市场开发”、“‘请进来’开发与‘送出去’开发”、“显能开发与潜能开发”等十个方面的关系 ,力求从整体上把握我国旅游人才开发管理的基本现状与发展趋势。     

Rumbles in the Jungle: Boxing,Racialization and the Performance of Masculinity

Men's boxing is a sport with successful, high profile and affluent participants and one that includes many of the very much less well off. It has traditionally involved high participation by men from black and minority ethnic backgrounds. The sport is beset by contradictions, between racism and opportunity, discipline and excess, beautiful bodies and those that are fractured and damaged, and between traditional and alternative presentations of masculinity. The negotiation and presentation of raced and gendered identities have a strong presence, especially in terms of the ways in which hegemonic masculinity might be enacted. This paper is about racialized masculinities in boxing and links ethnography at a Sheffield gym that has produced some very well-known boxers, with an exploration of popular, media narratives about this particular performance of masculinities and the discursive location of boxing as a sport. It looks at the enactment of masculinities at a site that might appear to offer particularly essentialized and polarized versions of masculinity, race and class. It examines the ways in which men participate in boxing at a variety of levels and the interconnections between the public and the private stories that are told about men and boxing.     

文学旅游地的社会文化建构:以凤凰古城为例

该研究基于文化环及其拓展理论,通过定性和定量相结合的方法探讨了凤凰古城作为文学旅游地的文化生产和消费。结论指出:(1)沈从文及其文学作品所构建的文学世界中的"湘西世界",旅游开发者和经营者所构建的"现实中的边城"与旅游者的"口碑中的凤凰古城"共同构建了"想象中的凤凰古城",即待阅读的"凤凰古城文本",并使这一文本公共化;(2)作为文化消费者,旅游者在文学旅游地的构建与重构过程中扮演了重要的角色,是联系整个社会文化建构过程的纽带。在此基础上,本研究构建了一个新的旅游地社会文化建构模型,以期对旅游地的文化生产和消费相关研究及具体应用进行补充和拓展。     

The Role of Food Tourism in Sustaining Regional Identity: A Case Study of Cornwall,South West England

This exploratory paper examines the role of food tourism in developing and sustaining regional identities within the context of rural regeneration, agricultural diversification and the creation of closer relationships between production and consumption in the countryside. It focuses on Cornwall, South West England, an area with rural development issues, increasing tourism impacts and contested issues of regional identity. A literature and policy analysis, and in-depth interviews with 12 restaurateurs, were undertaken in four popular tourist locations. Correlation was found between increased levels of food tourism interest and the retention and development of regional identity, the enhancement of environmental awareness and sustainability, an increase in social and cultural benefits celebrating the production of local food and the conservation of traditional heritage, skills and ways of life. The paper draws attention to three issues: the role of food tourism in increasing tourist spending, the potential role of food tourism in extending the tourist season, and the re-examination of food tourist typologies within a sustainability framework.     

地方感研究进展及研究框架

游憩者通过对游憩地环境的感知而赋予这些地方特定的意义与价值;通过游憩活动的参与,游憩者与游憩地之间逐渐形成各种形式的情感联结关系,并影响到游憩者对这些地方和休闲服务提供者的态度及其游憩行为.这是地方感的研究范畴,也是国外游憩地理学的研究热点.本文阐述了国外地方感研究的主要领域及其进展,分析了地方感研究中主要概念的维度与态度要素构成,构建了地方感研究框架,同时讨论了我国地方感研究的理论与现实意义,指出了研究方向与重点.     

研学旅游的内在运行机制及其优化研究

随着现代旅游活动的发展和国家相关政策的扶持,研学旅游越来越受到关注,并成为当前旅游研究的热点问题之一。研学旅游是旅游者出于开阔视野、拓展知识和锻炼能力的目的而进行的有组织的旅游活动,有着特定的内涵、特征与机制。研学旅游活动中的研学旅游者、研学旅游产品和研学旅行社之间相互作用、相互联系构成研学旅游内在运行机制,决定着研学旅游活动的运行模式和规律。针对研学旅游运行中存在的问题,要优化研学旅游内在运行机制就必须增强研学体验的知行合一与参与互动、彰显产品供给的特色文化与技术支撑、强化活动组织的专业运作与合作共赢,最终实现研学旅游的持续和健康发展。     

中国影视旅游发展的现状及趋势

本文提出影视旅游的概念和特征，以国内外影视旅游发展兴衰为依据，总结概括出影视旅游的发展阶段以及各阶段的特点，指出中国影视旅游的发展经历了从萌芽到发展的时期，目前正处于发展阶段。分析了中国影视旅游发展的现状及存在的问题，提出相应的规划建设对策。最后对中国影视旅游的发展趋势加以预测，指出影视旅游具有广阔的发展前景，将向着旅游客体多元化、旅游主体个性化、旅游内容更新化和规划建设综合化的方向发展。     

旅游吸引物属性之辨

旅游吸引物在旅游系统中扮演着基础性作用,但却面临着语义的不明和来自理论内部与旅游实践的双重挑战。文章从边界与内涵出发,借助"旅游吸引物"与"旅游资源"的比较、旅游吸引物与旅游吸引物系统的转变,剖析旅游吸引物之为吸引物的意义生成与社会建构过程,重新思考旅游吸引物之属性及其在当下旅游实践中的作用,探讨其社会建构所反映的旅游与社会的关系问题。文章认为,旅游吸引物兼具自然属性、社会属性和符号属性等多重属性,吸引力特性是其本质属性;旅游吸引物属性及其社会建构有深刻的社会基础。旅游吸引物边界及其属性的理论反思,在旅游席卷全球的当下,兼具学理价值与现实意义;在火热的乡村旅游实践中,对守护乡土景观亦有特殊意涵。     

中外旅游环境承载力研究热点演变与比较

旅游环境承载力是衡量旅游地可持续发展的重要理论依据和参考标准。本文选取Web of Science(WOS)核心合集和中国知网（CNKI）数据库中收录的492篇中英文文献为样本,系统回顾和比较近30年中外旅游环境承载力研究的发展历程、阶段特征与热点演变。研究发现,1992—2020年相关研究成果均呈现增长态势,虽然国外旅游环境承载力研究起步较早,但中外研究期均经历了时间跨度不一的三个阶段。在中国学者基于国外研究基础构建承载力约束下旅游业可持续发展理论体系的探索阶段,国外学者已从理论建构转向研究反思和实践应用。中国研究进入拓展阶段后,研究成果快速增多,初步完成了国外相关理论、方法的借鉴与转化应用;但这一阶段国外学者研究成果增速明显放缓,研究热点转向借鉴海洋、管理、心理等学科理论和方法,开展多学科交叉融合研究。第三个阶段,国外研究在新应用实践推动下,理论与方法体系不断系统化,进入开展新应用研究的转型;同期中国学者的理论研究与实践应用不断丰富,旅游环境承载力领域研究与实践的“中国特色”日益突出,中国情境下的国际化研究成果及其影响力不断提升。在人与自然共同体理念和生态文明建设的新时代背景下,旅...     

乡村旅游发展中的城乡要素流动过程与机制

乡村旅游是促进城乡市场连接的途径之一。厘清乡村旅游发展带来的城乡要素流动过程及其机制,既是乡村旅游衔接乡村振兴战略、推动城乡融合发展的重要议题,也是促进乡村旅游高质量发展的题中之义。本文遵循“过程—特征—机制”的研究思路,分析乡村旅游发展的城乡流动要素类型,总结要素流动过程中的规律与特征,进而阐释要素流动机制。研究表明：乡村旅游带来的要素流动,既涵盖了人、资金、物资等基础要素,也涵盖了生态、文化等核心要素及技术、信息等创新要素。在乡村旅游的萌芽和启动、设计和建设以及运营和转型等发展阶段中,城乡之间的流动要素类型不断增加,要素流向从单向逐步转变为双向,生态和文化是关键要素类型。“需求牵引—价值耦合—市场推动—政策促进”是乡村旅游发展的要素流动机制,合理的流动能促进城乡要素互动以及乡村要素价值增值、类型增多、数量增长,进而推动乡村振兴和城乡融合发展。     

旅游地日常生活的康复性意义研究——以丽江古城为例

健康是人类关注的永恒话题,旅游和健康本源上存在密切联系,近年来已成为旅游学及其交叉学科关注的研究热点。旅游地如何促进旅游者健康体验、幸福感甚至社会福祉,是亟待回答的学理和实践命题。基于此,文章将旅游地日常生活与旅游者健康体验联系起来,以丽江古城客栈主与旅游者为研究对象,通过深度访谈和参与式观察,明晰旅游情境中日常生活对于旅游者主观健康体验的积极作用。研究发现:(1)旅游地从空间、时间、社会实践3个维度营造了特定时空中的生活新范式与典范形态,建构了环境、日常生活与健康交互新面向;(2)旅游地日常生活为旅游者提供了物质、社会和心理多重资源,形成了生理、心理和精神、社会人际交往能力三维康复性意义结构;(3)旅游地日常生活的康复性意义是在旅游者与旅游地复杂性、动态性关联中建构的,并从生产与消费两端对康复性意义进行共同塑造与整合。研究从微观层面的日常生活出发,以实证分析回应了旅游、日常生活、健康体验之间的互动关联,为深入理解旅游的意义提供了新思考,也为旅游业实现美好生活需要提供现实指导。     

文化遗产保护与利用关系的国际规则演变

国际法规是文化遗产保护与利用的基本依据,但由于相关法规众多,常被误解、曲解或生搬硬套,文章通过总结分析近百年来文化遗产保护国际法规的发展演变,厘清国际法规对文化遗产保护与利用关系的基本定位、对文化遗产利用方式的定位变化,以及对文化遗产旅游发展的态度与立场变化,结论认为,国际法规中文化遗产的保护与利用关系是不断动态变化的,随着保护工作对＂利用＂的依赖度不断提高,文化旅游的双面影响也不断受到关注。