我国汽车制造业投入服务化现状、趋势及对策分析

服务化是当今世界制造业发展趋势之一,也是制造企业获得竞争力的重要手段之一。作为我国经济发展的支柱产业之一,汽车制造业在近年来也开始踏上服务化的征程。在分析汽车制造业服务化成因的基础上,采用投入产出法,选择国家统计局发布的投入产出表数据,从投入服务化的角度,计算了汽车制造业零部件、物流和研发三方面的服务化投入,分析了我国汽车制造业服务化的现状和发展趋势,并与国外汽车制造业服务化现状进行了对比。在此基础上,针对我国汽车制造业与国际先进汽车制造业之间服务化水平的差距,分析了原因并提出了相应的发展策略建议。     

Economic Liberalization and the Computer Industry: Comparing Outcomes in Brazil and Mexico

Market liberalization has been carried out by many developing countries in the hopes of stimulating trade, investment and technology transfer. In order to analyze the impacts of liberalization on a specific industry sector, this paper compares the experiences of Brazil and Mexico in liberalizing the computer industry in the 1990s. The authors conclude that liberalization leads to lower prices and more rapid diffusion of computer use throughout the economy, but at a cost to domestic computer firms who were harmed by foreign competition. Both countries saw an increase in computer production, but Mexico's production was mainly for export to the United States, while Brazil was producing for the domestic market. The differences between outcomes in the two countries have been determined more by environmental factors than by the nature and pace of liberalization.     

中国自主品牌汽车产业发展与市场开拓

中国自主品牌汽车工业起步晚、底子薄,是在与外国企业进行激烈竞争中取得发展的.目前,中国自主品牌汽车已经在国内经济型、中级乘用车、SUV市场立稳脚跟,并且出口到发展中国家国外市场.在技术成果上,已经开发出拥有自主知识产权的发动机.在性价方面,自主品牌汽车具有一定比较优势,但存在整体质量不高、创新能力不足等问题.面对国内外广阔的市场前景,中国自主品牌汽车需要进一步增强实力.开拓市场.     

Globalization,state and industrialization: The automobile and telecommunications industries in Southeast Asia

This article explores the role of the state in industrial transformation in the era of economic globalization. It argues that economic globalization and market liberalization have not necessarily led to the retreat of state capacity in industrial development Given the rising importance of multinational corporations (MNCs) as promoters of international transactions and domestic industrialization, even developing countries are required to show capacity to promote industrial development in cooperation with foreign MNCs. The argument is examined with the case studies of the automobile industry in Thailand and the telecommunications industry in Malaysia.     

中国汽车产业全要素生产率的微观测量

判断我国汽车产业“以市场换技术”策略成效如何,可以通过对行业全要素生产率的测量予以回答。为了克服传统（宏观）方法估计行业全要素生产率的不足,本文从微观角度,利用汽车企业数据完成了对汽车行业全要素生产率的测量,并通过面板固定效应法、Olley＆Pakes法与Levinsohn＆Petrin法等多种方法的横向比较,得出较为一致的结论。结果显示,1999—2007年我国汽车行业整体全要素生产率明显提升,细分为各控股类型、各子行业研究亦是如此;国有控股汽车企业全要素生产率整体低于非国有控股汽车企业,但由于上升较快,逐步与非国有控股企业趋同。由此说明,“以市场换技术”策略已取得实效,汽车产业正从“引进-吸收-消化”向“创新-超越”转型,继续加强技术研发,构筑中国汽车国际竞争力成为产业发展的主要路径。     

从税收政策看中、印软件业的发展

信息产业是我国重点发展的支柱产业之一,随着全球经济和社会发展需求的变化,信息产业逐渐由硬件主导型向软件和服务主导型发展,软件产业发展迅速。尽管近年来我国软件产业发展取得了很大成绩,但与发达国家甚至一些发展中国家尤其是印度相比,与我国的巨大市场空间、经济总量和国际地位相比,我国软件产业可以说是还任重而道远。由于软件产业的战略性、基础性等特点,软件产业的发展已经不仅仅是单纯的企业行为,而需要一个国家政策的大力支持。那么,对于我国软件产业的发展,我国的税收政策在其中发挥了怎样的作用呢?本文通过与软件产业发展成功国家印度进行对比,发现我国税收政策的优势和其中的不足,建议我国政府改善软件产业的发展的税收环境。     

日、韩战略性贸易政策对中国的启示:以汽车工业为例

战略性贸易政策作为战后一种新兴的国际贸易理论,已被各国所认可,并接受其作为促进本国重点行业发展的手段。本文主要分析日、韩发展汽车工业的成功经验并结合中国汽车工业的实际情况,简述了我国在实施汽车工业的战略性贸易政策是应着重推行的几点措施。     

国外战略性新兴产业的发展态势及启示

战略性新兴产业已经成为世界多国应对金融危机、实现经济可持续发展的共同选择.中国应高度关注主要发达国家、区域集团及新兴国家战略性新兴产业的发展态势及走向,在战略性新兴产业的选择、良好发展环境的营造、政策支持体系的构建、关键核心技术的掌握以及法律监管体系的完善等方面借鉴其成功经验,实现中国战略性新兴产业的持续和健康发展.     

The computer industry in the third world: Policy options and constraints

The paper examines the conditions for the development of an indigenous computer industry in Third World countries. It argues that, within the existing international division of labor in the industry, the opportunities for local computer production are limited for most developing countries. Increasing levels of automation are likely to result in diminished competitiveness for any but the largest manufacturers. Only countries with large internal markets can expect to sustain an integrated computer manufacturing base. For most countries, a niche-oriented approach concentrating on the development of software and the configuration of systems for local and possibly regional vertical markets is apt to be the most viable entry strategy. Selective backward integration into hardware manufacture may be possible, but the types of equipment manufactured locally must be carefully selected with a view not only to the potential domestic market, but also to the suitability of the existing infrastructure and supplier networks to support cost-effective manufacture. For the establishment of an industry which is at least semi-autonomous technologically, policymakers need to take measures to strengthen the R&D infrastructure, to upgrade scientific and technical education, and to induce those nationals working for computer multinationals, whether at home or abroad, to start up their own local computer ventures. Skilled and experienced computer specialists as well as a computer literate population are perhaps the two most valuable assets for the development of an indigenous computer industry.     

Does Technology Foster Trade? Empirical Evidence for Developed and Developing Countries

This paper aims to investigate the effects of technology on international trade flows. In order to do so, the authors use a composite index designed to capture the performance of countries concerning technology and human knowledge as a new explanatory variable in an augmented gravity equation estimated for a sample of 62 developed and developing countries. Results show that geographical factors are always relevant, however geographical distance, being landlocked, technological and social factors seem to be more important for the poorest than for the richest countries. Transport infrastructure and technology can be considered as barriers to trade for those countries with lower endowment levels, therefore investing in these variables will increase the participation of the poorest countries in the world economy.The authors would like to thank the participants at the 2004 International Atlantic Economic Conference held in Lisbon and at the VII Encuentro de Economía Aplicada held in Vigo for their useful comments and suggestions. Moreover, the authors acknowledge the support and collaboration of the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas.     

吉林省汽车产业众创发展对策研究

众创是互联网技术发展的新兴事物,成为社会创新的重要力量。吉林省汽车产业众创活动还不活跃,众创空间还不多,没能发挥促进大众创新、万众创业的作用,问题和原因有：众创空间建设不均衡、定位不明确、功能单一;政策保障不足;众创的服务业支持不够等。根据众创相关理论,结合吉林省汽车产业创新现状,提出吉林省汽车产业培育和发展众创的对策建议。     

我国创意产业中的国际分工研究——基于典型发达国家和发展中国家的比较分析

本文分析我国创意产业中的国际分工,并与典型的发达国家和发展中国家进行对比.结果发现,我国创意产业的出口贸易总额及比重占据世界第一,远远超过了所研究的主要发达国家和发展中国家;我国创意商品贸易的比较优势与国际竞争力也远远领先于其他发达国家和发展中国家;但是,更进一步的分析揭示我国创意商品的出口主要集中于劳动密集型、低创意...     

The long-run effects of housing location on travel behavior: Evidence from China's housing reform

Many cities in developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization along with deteriorating traffic congestion and air quality, so it is important to understand what affects travel demand in developing countries. In this paper, we study how housing location affects travel behavior in Beijing, a city in a developing country. We use subsidized housing as a source of variation for housing location—individuals in subsidized housing live much closer to the city center than individuals in the control group. We exploit a change in the eligibility for subsidized housing generated by China's housing reforms to address the potential endogeneity of subsidized housing. We find that subsidized housing substantially reduces distances traveled for commuting and discretionary trips and that subsidized individuals are less likely to drive but have similar rates of automobile ownership. The results suggest that housing location can have long-lasting effects on travel behavior and automobile use in a developing country. We discuss policy implications of these findings.     

What has orthodox development economics learned from recent experience?

Orthodox development economics has advocated the view that the challenge of development lies in the initiation of take-off. Once initiated, however, an array of mechanisms could be counted on to maintain development and to assure that it would trickle and spread into various pockets of poverty internationally as well as within countries. From the vantage point of the orthodox approach the recent experience of developing countries with rapid growth but growing unemployment and income inequality comes, therefore, as a surprise. This paper suggests that this experience squares more satisfactorily with an alternative disequilibrium interpretation of the development process. Some building blocks of a new paradigm that would emphasize disequilibrium processes are specified and illustrated with respect to the contemporary landscape of developing countries. The policy and other implications of the alternative disequilibrium and orthodox paradigms are contrasted.     

工业互联网平台在中国汽车行业的应用现状、制约因素及对策建议

汽车行业是建设制造强国的重要支撑,在经济建设和社会发展中发挥着重要的作用.当前,中国汽车行业正处于"由大到强"转型变革的关键时期,依然面临发展质量低、综合竞争力弱以及产业结构失衡等问题.对汽车产业发展现状和汽车产业工业互联网平台的应用现状进行阐述,从中分析汽车行业工业互联网平台面临的问题,提出推进工业互联网平台在汽车产业应用的对策,扩大了工业互联网的应用范围,有利于汽车产业的转型升级,对汽车行业实现高质量发展具有参考价值.     

日本再生资源产业发展对我国的借鉴

再生资源产业是从事再生资源流通与加工利用，以及相关的科技开发和设备制造等经济活动的集合，是人类社会可持续发展的必要经济构成。日本的再生资源产业起步早，立法完善，体系完整，其产业发展已达到世界领先水平，具有值得借鉴的经验。以废旧家电、塑料、电池和汽车等再哇资源为例，总结分析了日本再生资源产业的发展情况和主要特点。通过借鉴日本经验度结合我国再生资源产业现状，提出了促进我国再生资源产业发展和振兴的若干建议，以期对我国循环经济的建     

“锈带”复兴对吉林省汽车产业集群发展的启示

文章论述了现代服务业与产业集群的关联性,并在阐述世界汽车工业产业集群化趋势的基础上介绍了美国"锈带"复兴对发展现代服务业所起到的重要作用;因而强调现代服务业对加速吉林省汽车产业集群发展的作用并提出了初步发展构想和具体发展建议。     

低碳经济视野下的新能源汽车发展战略

低碳经济的核心是能源技术和减排技术创新、产业结构和制度创新以及人类生存发展观念的根本性转变。石油能源供给与汽车产业发展的矛盾将日益凸显,新能源汽车发展是涉及国家能源战略的重大问题。我国应创新商业模式,建立产业联盟,加强创新网络组织和消费者导向的盈利模式的构建,加大对新能源汽车行业的政策扶持。     

Preference erosion and the developing countries exports to the EU: a dynamic panel gravity approach

The erosion of preferences due to multilateral tariff reductions is a long-standing concern for many developing countries. This paper focuses on the erosion of the preferences granted by the EU in the rice industry. Since 2004 there has been a sharp decrease in border protection for the EU rice industry. Because the EU grants trade preferences to a considerable number of rice exporting developing countries, the reform implied preference erosion as well. By addressing the impact of preference erosion on developing countries rice exports to the EU, this paper contributes two original insights to the literature: first, by proposing a new empirical approach to compute the preference margin when tariff rate quotas are in force which is based on the assumption of the existence of fixed costs and economies of scale in international trade; second, by estimating the trade elasticities of preferences by means of a dynamic panel gravity equation to deal with the issues of endogeneity of preferences and persistency in bilateral trade flows. The results show that the way preference margins are calculated matters significantly when assessing the existence and extent of their erosion and the values of trade elasticities. Finally, the estimations highlight the fact that the impact of preferences is still very strong for some of the countries concerned.     

我国汽车产业链整合模式及其选择研究

汽车产业链整合是优化汽车产业组织和资源配置的重要途径,研究汽车产业链整合模式对于促进汽车产业升级与发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。文章结合分工理论、战略联盟、全球价值链等理论,提出了我国汽车产业链整合的四种适用模式;设计了汽车产业链整合模式的选择思路和选择依据,将定量战略计划矩阵与三角模糊评价相结合作为汽车产业链整合模式选择的方法,并以一汽集团为例进行了实证分析。