Participation,planning and linkages: International lessons for agricultural extension in South Africa

This article considers the experience with agricultural extension in less developed countries (LDCs) and the international shift to participatory techniques and practices. It examines the causes and effects of the poor impact of extension, the poor institutional and personal linkages in the field, and the poor planning in LDCs. All the role‐players in government, agricultural extension and research in South Africa will need to act with energy and commitment if the country is to benefit from the international lessons.     

邓小平南方谈话对科学社会主义的理论贡献

邓小平南方谈话在总结我国社会主义建设经验教训的基础上，坚持科学社会主义理论与中国实践相结合，继承、丰富和发展了马克思主义的科学社会主义理论，深刻地揭示了社会主义的本质，科学地创立了社会主义市场经济的理论基础，取得了划时代的突破和创新，把对社会主义的认识提高到新的科学水平，为马克思主义的理论宝库作出了重大贡献。     

The legacy of the Separate Amenities Act: Perceptions of recreation and future planning in the Northern Province,South Africa

Since 1990, South Africa has been undergoing a socio‐political transformation from apartheid to non‐racial democracy. This transformation culminated in April 1994, with the first‐ever general election in which people of all races participated. However, in this period of change there has not been much integration of previously separate recreational spaces, especially in more conservative regions such as the Northern Province. This article examines the perceptions, knowledge and awareness of urban blacks with regard to outdoor recreation. It also explores their expectations under the new political dispensation, as envisaged by the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) of the new government. Finally, it looks at five key aspects of planning and development for deprived communities, namely education, marketing, structural constraints, public participation in development, and the development of tourism.     

国家主义、地区主义与全球主义——兼论中国大战略的谋划

国家主义、地区主义和全球主义之间存在着战略性张力,而地区主义扮演着联结国家主义与全球主义的桥梁作用。三相辅相成,构成谋划中国大战略的基本因素。如何将国家主义和全球主义这一对矛盾统一到地区主义思考上来,成为当前中国战略谋划必须审慎思考的重大议题,也隐然成为中国崛起的基础性条件之一。我们要强调国家主义在中国大战略谋划中的基础地位和全球主义的宏观视野,但更突出地区主义在中国大战略谋划的核心价值。中国应确立明晰的大战略框架,其中包含以富民强国为目标的国家主义战略,以创设、主导国际制度为目标的地区主义战略和以参与、分享为目标的全球主义战略。     

当代民族立义视角下的民族、族性与政治

在民族主义看来,民族是国家社会团结合作、政治合法性的基础,当代民族主义思潮也是围绕着民族和族性来展开其理论建构的。应当看到,民族观是不同的,许多现代民族国家为提升族性、增强国家凝聚力,正通过各种途径做出政治努力。     

当代民族立义视角下的民族、族性与政治

在民族主义看来,“民族”是国寥社会团结合作、政治合法性的基础,当代民族主义思潮也是围绕着“民族”和“族性”来展开其理论建构的。应当看到,民族观是不同的,许多现代民族国家为提升族性、增强国家凝聚力,正通过各种途径做出政治努力。     

Mainstreaming sustainable adaptation to climate change into municipal planning: An analysis from the Eastern Cape,South Africa

Municipalities are well positioned to support adaptation of vulnerable people to climate change; however, they seldom integrate climate change into their planning for social development. The building of adaptive capacity for sustainable adaptation requires that municipalities understand and mainstream climate change into their plans, and develop context-specific adaptation strategies that address existing social development issues. A desktop analysis was conducted to compare the planning landscape in six District Municipalities in the Eastern Cape, South Africa, focusing on Municipal Integrated Development Plans (IDPs). A scoring system was developed for comparing the IDPs of the municipalities, based on levels of context-specific information about climate change, mainstreaming of climate change with other development concerns, and vertical integration across district and local municipalities, amongst other themes. Overall, the mainstreaming of climate change in municipal IDPs in the Eastern Cape remains weak, and requires critical attention if sustainable adaptation is to be achieved.     

Inequality and socialism in rural China: A conceptual note

Given the serious failure to conceptualize inequality in relation to the developing mode of production in China and within socialist societies generally, more analytical attention needs to be focused on the sources, nature, significance and implications of equality and inequality at both theoretical and policy-oriented levels. Here a conceptual scheme which distinguishes between socialist inequalities based upon unequal human capabilities, and capitalist inequalities based on unequal ownership of or access to the means of production is applied to an examination of past and present inequalities in rural China, both those between villages and regions and those within collectives. Finally, suggestions are put forward for the reduction of these inequalities.     

Towards accommodationist planning in South Africa's secondary centres: The case of hawker deregulation

International development agencies are devoting increased attention to the role of secondary or intermediate cities in national urban development strategies. In planning the development of intermediate‐sized centres, stress is placed on the need to support indigenous enterprise, including the informal sector. Against a background review of literature concerning the informal sector within secondary cities, this paper examines the extent to which a group of South Africa's intermediate‐sized cities are pursuing programmes supporting the informal sector. The question of policies towards hawking is investigated within the settings of East London, Kimberley, Bloemfontein, Pietersburg and Pietermaritzburg. It is concluded that accommodationist planning is being undertaken on only a limited scale in these secondary centres.     

Manufacturing enterprises and marketing planning in a mining area of the North West Province,South Africa: lessons for local business support centres

This paper examines the extent to which manufacturing SMMEs (small, medium and micro enterprises) see marketing planning as important for their businesses in the area of the North West Province known as PKOSH (Potchefstroom, Klerksdorp, Orkney, Stilfontein and Hartbeesfontein). It identifies lessons for local business support centres, based on a case study of manufacturing businesses in this region. The literature suggests that appropriate marketing planning will increase profitability, but it was found that most manufacturing industries in this area do not plan their marketing appropriately. This is largely because of their close relationship with and dependence on the mining industry, which is at present extremely volatile, with mine closures imminent. Against this background, the authors argue that local business support centres should have a much better understanding of local business trends and should provide information to help businesses open up markets beyond their immediate environment.