英文摘要

The first Chinese duty- free zone was established 20 years ago, and the first export processing zone has now been operating for 10 years. As icons of special customs supervision zones in China, duty-free zones and export processing zones have contributed a lot to China＇s foreign trade. In 2009, the aggregate value of foreign trade in Chinese special customs supervision zones rose to USD 279.43billion, accounting for 12.66 percent of the country＇s annual foreign trade. These special zones brought about a trade surplus of USD 8.75 billion and created 1.21 million new job opportunities in that year.     

KEY WDRDS for Foreign Investment in China

FDI(Foreign Direct Investment),a component of a country's national financlal accounts,is investment of foreign assets into domestic structures,equipment,and organizations.It does not include foreign investment into the stock markets,concession and subcontract.FDI iS thought to be more useful to a country than investments in the equity of its companies because equity investments are potentially "hot money"which can leave at the first sign of trouble,whereas FDI is durable and generally useful whether things go well or badly.     

吸引外资与产业扶持政策的动态博弈分析

本文运用博弈论的方法,构造一个三阶段的完美动态博弈模型,利用该模型在引进外资与扶持产业之间找到一个纳什均衡,研究结果表明:我国应该加大市场整治力度,进一步改善投资整体环境,如市场准入、公平竞争、法制与产权保护、基础设施等,既适用于外资,也适用于内资。有了良好的投资环境,政府根本无须对外资实行减免税等特殊优惠政策。在这种环境下,中国可以同时刺激外资的流入与国内投资的增长。     

Foreign aid and economic growth: evidence from Cambodia

This paper attempts to examine the growth impact of foreign aid in Cambodia over the period 1980–2014, using the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach. The study also incorporates investment and trade openness into the model. The empirical findings show that trade openness has positive effects on growth in both the short run and the long run; investment has positively contributed to growth in the long run while foreign aid has positive impact on growth only for the short run. On the contrary, in the long run, it has negative impact on investment and growth. This can be suggested that dependence on foreign aid for long periods of time does not positively contribute to investment and growth in Cambodia. In order to achieve sustainable growth and enhanced industrialization, policy-makers should move from aid dependence to promote investments through elevating domestic and foreign capital in the country.     

战略引资会降低银行风险承担吗？--基于中国商业银行的实证研究

基于异质性视角构建动态面板数据模型,对战略引资与银行风险承担行为之间的关系进行估计,结果表明,战略引资有利于中资银行引进先进的理念和风险控制技术,完善公司治理机制,对银行风险承担具有显著抑制作用;不同银行对战略引资会作出异质反应,随着资本充足率的提高,战略引资对银行风险承担行为的抑制效果增强。因此,加快落实与境外战略投资者的长期深层次合作是后金融危机时代中国商业银行的重要议题。     

Experience with joint-ventures in Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia laid the legal foundations for capital investments by foreign firms in 1967. It was the first socialist country to permit foreign investments and apart from Roumania and Hungary is still the only one which has done so. Prerequisites have thereby been provided for very close relations between enterprises belonging to different economic systems. The foreign capital participation must as a rule not exceed 49 p.c. of the total capital.     

Internationalization of business angel investments: The role of investor experience

In this study, we examine business angels (BAs)’ appetite for investing abroad and the role played by investment and entrepreneurial experience. To investigate BAs’ propensity to internationalize their investments, we study cross-border deals and culturally distant investments. Using an international sample of US and European BA deals, we find that both individual investment and entrepreneurial experience foster the internationalization of BAs’ investments, consistent with the predictions based upon the local bias theory. When splitting experience into domestic and foreign, we find that the former increases while the latter decreases local bias. When we separate US and European BAs, we find that the experiential background of BAs does not matter in the same way in Europe and in the US: while the general results are confirmed in Europe, both investment and entrepreneurial experience have a reduced impact in the US. We interpret these results in light of the reduced risk aversion of US BAs that lowers transaction costs.     

The investment-divestment relationship: Resource shifts and intersubsidiary competition within MNEs

This paper examines the interdependencies between MNE investment and divestment decisions. We derive a conceptual framework of “segmented intersubsidiary competition” and hypothesize that the competitive pressure of new investments on existing subsidiaries varies by regional dimension. Based on a database of 3524 French MNEs, we analyse intersubsidiary competition and intertemporal adjustment processes of the investment-divestment relationship between 2002 and 2010. Our empirical findings support the theoretical notion of segmented intersubsidiary competition within MNEs: Foreign investments create competitive pressure for foreign subsidiaries to be divested in subsequent periods, where domestic investments spur divestment at home. Inversely, foreign divestments are more likely to create new investment opportunities in the foreign than in the domestic arena. Our differentiations between investments/divestments in EU countries and in non-EU countries shows that the competitive pressure of new investments on existing subsidiaries is mainly limited to the same region.     

Should Variable Cost Aid to Attract Foreign Direct Investment be Banned? A European Perspective

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the European Commission’s approach to state aid to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) in a competition policy framework. The Commission considers variable cost aid (VCA) to be more distortive than start-up or fixed cost aid (FCA). This paper addresses that issue and checks whether allowing FCA while banning VCA is an optimal strategy for a supranational Competition Authority maximizing welfare. The model shows that a domestic government maximizing welfare always prefers VCA to FCA if both the incumbent and the entrant are foreign firms and if granting VCA does not cause the incumbent firm to exit the market. The model shows that banning VCA may lead to sub-optimal equilibria where welfare is not maximized.     

Predicting Foreign Firms’ Expansion and Divestment Intentions in Host Countries: Insights from Ghana

Foreign firms’ strategic decisions in a host country after the initial investment are important issues worth extensive academic enquiry. This issue is, however, underresearched and the scant literature that does exist is focused on developed countries, despite the increasing interests and investments by firms in developing countries. Using the case of a developing sub‐Saharan African (SSA) country (Ghana), this study attempts to close this gap in the literature, as it explores the factors that can influence foreign firms’ strategic decisions regarding expansion, downsizing, relocation and termination of their operations. The study found that host countries’ business environments play an important role in foreign firms’ subsequent strategic decisions. The study particularly found that favorable government regulations, low cost factors and good infrastructure are important in influencing foreign firms’ expansions decisions. Unfavorability of these factors within the business environment on the other hand will stimulate strategic divestment. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Industrial clusters,entrepreneurial culture and the social environment: The effects on FDI distribution

Using balance sheet data from a sample of 3498 foreign firms in the manufacturing industry we analyse the distribution of foreign direct investments (FDI) in Italy at a very detailed geographical level, i.e. the provincial level, a region which comprises an urban area and the limited geographical area surrounding it. In this paper, we test the impact that agglomeration economies, entrepreneurial culture and social capital have on the distribution of foreign investments. While the findings regarding the social variables are mixed, the important role played by agglomeration economies is confirmed. Our analysis shows that investments by multinationals are attracted by those areas that combine industrial cluster characteristics with an agglomeration of foreign firms and that have a high level of entrepreneurial culture. The role that this last variable plays is fundamental and suggests the idea that multinational corporations (MNCs) invest in regions with entrepreneurial resources.     

The impact of FDI on the performance and entrepreneurship of domestic firms

This paper examines how foreign direct investments influence the performance and entrepreneurship of domestic firms, a crucial question for economies driven by incursion of exogenous factors and especially transition economies. The intent is to investigate the way foreign direct investments shape the capabilities of domestic firms; hence, for this purpose, we take Macedonia, a Southeast European economy, as a case study. We find that (i) foreign ownership has helped restructure and enhance the productivity of domestic firms, (ii) FDI has positive influence in reinforcing the creation of new firms, and (iii) in line with the established literature, a foreign investment is likely to influence the job seeker to get employed rather to start their own business. Overall, the results confirm the influence of foreign firms in assisting entrepreneurial activity. The impact of foreign investment is, in general, positive and tends to influence the restructuring process of domestic enterprises.     

Evaluating and Managing Brand Repurchase Across Multiple Geographic Retail Markets

Many companies manage their business on a geographic basis and evaluate marketing metrics and managers correspondingly. Here, using a multi-level dataset from the U.S. retail gasoline industry, we demonstrate inherent differences in the levels of brand repurchase across territories. Furthermore, we show that the effects of factors that may improve repurchase—customer satisfaction and customers’ relational investments—are moderated by market share at the territorial level. Relational investments have relatively more effect on repurchase in territories where a brand's market share is higher, while customer satisfaction has relatively more effect in territories where a brand's market share is lower. These findings imply that one size does not fit all for either evaluating or managing brand performance at a territorial level.     

外国直接投资与我国产业结构调整的实证研究——基于资本供给和知识溢出的视角

本文利用1984-2007年的时间序列数据,对我国外国直接投资(FDI)通过资本供给和知识溢出两种渠道影响产业结构的变动进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:我国引进外国直接投资所带来的资本供给效应、技术溢出效应促进了产业结构高级化、高效化的发展;然而,受当前引资结构和质量的影响,外国直接投资强化了我国三次产业结构发展的不均衡,并且外国直接投资引致的国际知识溢出对我国产业发展和结构优化的作用也有限。在此基础上,本文对我国引进外资和调整产业结构的战略提出了相应的政策建议。     

Does founder ownership affect foreign investments? Evidence from India

We study the effect of founder ownership on foreign investments for Indian firms. We show that foreign investors underinvest in firms with higher level of founder ownership, since these firms are more vulnerable to information problems and expropriation risk. This effect is particularly stronger when founder ownership exceeds a threshold beyond which founders hold effective control on firms. We exhibit that information problems are the main cause of the relation between foreign investments and founder ownership. This is because the relationship is more pronounced in case of business group firms and firms that are engaged in more earnings management.     

An International Capital Budgeting Experiential Exercise

This article describes an experiential exercise that uses a brief simulation model intended to introduce undergraduate international finance students to the complexities in corporate investments in foreign countries. Use of the model requires one or preferably two class periods. Student learning goals include: (a) understanding how different patterns of deviations from purchasing power parity can alter an international capital investment's profitability in dollars, (b) evaluating the tradeoffs of different financing options under violations of interest rate parity, (c) promoting discussion of ethical considerations in international investments by asking the student to decide whether to engage in local infrastructure investments and facilitation payments, and (d) gain experience in foreign investing under uncertain conditions.     

重庆市利用外商直接投资的现状及对策分析

随着改革开放的深入发展以及加入世贸组织,近两年我国引进外商直接投资(FDI)的绝对数量连续超过美国,位居世界第一,FDI已成为推动我国经济高速增长的重要力量。重庆市是祖国西部的工业重镇,应该充分利用外商直接投资以促进区域经济发展。本文利用1992-2003年的数据,从实证角度分析了重庆市吸引及利用FDI的现状,认为外商直接投资在促进重庆市经济增长、进出口贸易和固定资产投资方面,有一定的正面影响,但作用力不大。对今后如何吸引外资及提高外商投资质量,进一步促进重庆市经济发展提出了政策建议。     

Equity-based entry modes of the Greater Chinese Economic Area's foreign direct investments in Vietnam

In January 2007, Vietnam became the 150th member of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Vietnam is located in the heart of Asia and has a resource-rich economy, which offers it a significant advantage in attracting foreign direct investments (FDIs). The research focuses on equity-based entry mode choices adopted by multinational corporations (MNCs) in the Greater Chinese Economic Area (GCEA) for entering Vietnam. The statistical results indicate that equity-based entry modes are significant when FDI firms entering Vietnam originate from the GCEA, which includes Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore. However, the interaction results show that industry does not have a moderating effect on the relationship between location and entry mode, whereas it is not found that industrial cluster is specific to any one location. The generalized model has implications for the theoretical and managerial perspectives of both the host and the home countries.     

关于我国新一轮吸引外商直接投资的思考

本文简要回顾了我国近十几年来外商直接投资的发展状况,提出在吸引外国大型企业的同时,应注意外资优质中小企业的引资工作。通过以营利性为目的的第三方管理公司为桥梁、以政府支持为后盾,积极吸引外资优质中小企业来华投资、大力推进中、外中小企业战略联盟,力促外资优质中小企业来华投资成功,使之成为提高我国外资质量,推动我国新一轮吸引外商直接投资的新动力。     

How Does FDI Affect Productivity at Home?: Evidence from a Plant-Level Analysis

This study investigates the effect of foreign direct investments (FDI) on home productivity using plant-level data rather than firm-level data. Our results are consistent with the theoretical predictions. Horizontal FDI (HFDI) does not have a significantly positive effect on home productivity in plants that have the same activities abroad. In contrast, vertical FDI (VFDI) significantly enhances productivity in plants with an input–output relationship with activities relocated abroad. Furthermore, focusing on FDI in East Asia, the productivity improvements at home through VFDI are even greater, which might be caused by significant differences in factor prices between Japan and host countries.