不确定需求条件下的供应链决策分析

通过对多点网状供应链的决策模型在不确定需求条件下的分析，得出了供应链在不同需求水平下的最优供应策略。     

基于不确定性的供应链风险分类与防范

从供应链不确定性着手,认为供应链风险可以分为供应风险、生产风险、需求风险和外部风险。基于此种分类,防范供应链风险应该加强核心企业能力、加强供应商关系管理、加强顾客需求管理和建立风险应急系统。     

Two-period supply chain coordination strategies with ambidextrous sustainable innovations

This study considers a manufacturer with ambidextrous sustainable innovation capability selling products in environmentally conscious market through an independent retailer in a two-period game setting. We design a two-period game theoretic and dyadic supply chain (SC) model considering exploitative and exploratory nature of environmental innovations. We study five different contract types, namely, wholesale price contract, vertical Nash game structure, cost sharing contract, revenue sharing contract and two-part tariff contract. We demonstrate the impact of market sensitivity towards sustainable innovation and cost parameters on optimal level of decision parameters. The equilibrium results reveal that a suitably designed two-part tariff contract can be used to achieve coordination in a fragmented SC. The equilibrium results assist managers to optimise the SC based on the two-period contract model. The results obtained in this study can help the decision-makers to take decisions on investment in the ambidextrous sustainable innovation under different types of contract structures.     

供应链管理下的企业纵向边界

在阐述交易成本理论对企业纵向边界的解释的基础上,指出供应链管理影响资产专用性、不确定性和交易频率,降低了供应链上企业的交易成本,使企业纵向边界趋于缩小。然后针对企业如何结合核心能力理论进行重组提出一些建议。     

Ambidexterity and IT competence can improve supply chain flexibility? A resource orchestration approach

Supply chain flexibility (SCF) has become an important competitive weapon for companies in the current dynamic environment. This paper explores the influence of ambidexterity on supply chain flexibility (SCF) and theorizes the moderating effect of information technology (IT) competence on that relationship. Whereas prior research focuses on the positive results of SCF for business performance, little empirical research has studied its facilitators, leaving the gap this study seeks to fill. We draw on resource orchestration theory to develop our research model. According to this theory, a firm can exploit the full potential of its resources and capabilities only when these are deployed in a complementary manner. This study proposes that ambidexterity impacts SCF positively and that its effect is amplified when the firm possesses IT competence. In order to test our hypotheses we have employed a hierarchical regression methodology and put into service data collected from manufacturing enterprises. The study confirms that ambidexterity, as the ability to explore and exploit SC resources, enables their orchestration, making SC resources flexible, and a high IT competence facilitates that orchestration.     

供应链管理中瓶颈的识别与缓冲的设置

任何系统中都存在制约其发展的约束因素．供应链中的瓶颈问题则严重影响其系统的整体产出价值,文章从供应链管理中存在的“水坝效应”出发．针对几种简单的供应链模式．从资源的利用率以及废品率角度对供应链管理中存在的瓶颈进行了识别．并运用DBR的思维方法．提出了相应的缓冲设置。     

需求依赖价格和提前期的供应链协同分析

基于对价格和提前期敏感的需求,在一个两阶段供应链系统中,构建了Stackelberg博弈和收益共享两种决策模型,通过算例比较需求率和供应链总体收益,讨论了两种情况下对供应链协同的影响。     

基于联合库存管理的供应链系统动力学研究

介绍了联合库存供应链管理与一般库存供应链管理之间的差别，以系统动力学为工具，建立了基于联合库存管理策略的供应链动态仿真模型，对供应链过程中的关键影响参数进行了定量分析，研究了瓶颈环节和牛鞭效应对整个供应链的影响。     

Uncertainty,supply risk management and their impact on performance

The purpose of this research is to identify the antecedents of supply risk management performance. Speed consortium benchmarking is used to explore the concepts of supply risk monitoring and mitigation. In addition, a survey yielding 207 responses is used to test our hypothesized antecedents of supply risk management performance. Findings indicate that the transaction cost constructs environmental- and behavioral uncertainty have a negative effect on supply risk management performance. In addition, supply risk mitigation and supply risk management process maturity positively influence supply risk management performance, the latter having the strongest influence. Furthermore, supply risk monitoring, supply risk mitigation and supply risk management process maturity all moderate the effect of environmental uncertainty, whereas only risk monitoring has an influence on the relationship between behavioral uncertainty and supply risk management performance. This research identified not only the antecedents of supply risk management performance, but also the moderating effect of different supply risk management principles on the relation between uncertainty and supply risk management performance. Most importantly, our study shows the relevance of developing general supply risk management structures and capabilities (i.e. supply risk management process maturity) in order to manage supply risks successfully. Our findings indicate that even more important than the proper selection of individual risk monitoring and mitigation strategies is the implementation of a risk management process.     

U.S. uncertainty and Asian stock prices: Evidence from the asymmetric NARDL model

When uncertainty reduces spending among U.S. consumers, it may affect the bottom line stock performance of Asian producers that cater to their needs. Theory predicts that the impact of uncertainty will be asymmetrical: during the two phases of the business cycle, countercyclic shocks will outweigh procyclic shocks, resulting in phase-specific equilibrium price adjustments. We conjecture that relative to recessions, recoveries bring larger long-run price adjustments, a response to pent-up growth potential. This is an extension of existing theories, which predict that recoveries bring overshooting, a transient reaction to pent-up demand. We test for these asymmetric uncertainty effects on 11 Asian stock market indices over the 2000M08 – 2017M02 period. Our independent measures include the economic policy uncertainty index (EPU) of Baker, Bloom, and Davis (2016), the Chicago Board Options Exchange implied volatility index (VIX), and the financial uncertainty indicator (JLN) of Jurado, Ng, and Ludvigson (2015). To characterize asymmetry, we employ the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model of Shin, Yu, and Greenwood-Nimmo (2014), in which both short- and long-run nonlinearities are captured through positive and negative partial sum decompositions of the explanatory variable(s). Using the NARDL output, we test three hypotheses. The first, that increases in uncertainty (decreases in uncertainty) result in stock price drops (stock price rises), is broadly supported by our analysis. The second, that equilibrium adjustments following negative countercyclic uncertainty shocks exceed those following positive movements, is supported fully by the EPU analysis and partially by the VIX and JLN analyses. The third hypothesis, that recoveries are characterized by overshooting, is consistent only with the behavior of the Chinese stock responses to EPU and VIX shocks. Our results demonstrate the advantages of the NARDL model in characterizing asymmetry. They suggest that while long-run asymmetry is fairly consistent across countries, short-run asymmetry is more country-specific.     

Tax rate uncertainty,labor supply and saving in a nonexpected utility maximizing model

The effects of uncertainty in rate of return tax rate, wage income tax rate and a comprehensive tax rate which affects both return to saving and wage income are analyzed in a nonexpected utility maximizing framework of Selden (1978). We consider a two period model where the agent works and saves. The effect of rate of return tax rate uncertainty on labor supply and saving critically depends on the magnitude of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. A wage income tax rate uncertainty on the other hand unambiguously raises work effort while its effect on saving again depends on the magnitude of the intertemporal substitution elasticity. For empirically plausible magnitudes of the intertemporal substitution elasticity, saving responds positively to wage income tax rate risk. The effect of a comprehensive tax rate uncertainty on labor supply and saving, however, depends solely on the magnitude of the elasticity of intertemporal substitution.     

A resource orchestration view of supply chain traceability and transparency bundles for competitive advantage

The literature has mostly examined supply chain (SC) traceability and SC transparency separately, ignoring the mutually constitutive relationship of these two related constructs. We draw on the resource orchestration theory and the causal complexity perspective to conceptualize and validate SC traceability and SC transparency as interrelated organizational capabilities that may mutually enhance or compensate each other for competitive advantage. We constructed an original sample from two sources to empirically test this conceptualization using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Our empirical results reveal that the ability of firms to leverage SC traceability for a high financial performance is contingent upon creating a transparency perception of SC with a wide range of stakeholders. Our results also identified the firm size and its international presence, as having a significant bearing on the ability of firms to leverage SC traceability and SC transparency capabilities for a competitive advantage.     

价格对时间敏感时的供应链响应时间决策研究

以一个两阶段的供应链系统为背景,研究了价格对时间敏感时的MTO供应链的响应时间决策问题。分别分析了两种补偿成本结构下的供应链收益函数,进行了优化求解。决策模型在一个汽车行业定制供应链得到了实际应用。该研究为供应链企业基于时间竞争提供了有效的决策工具。     

Inclusive purchasing and supply chain resilience capabilities: Lessons for social sustainability

In the face of unexpected changes in their dynamic business environment, purchasing and supply chain (SC) managers have been challenged to boost SC resilience while maintaining their sustainability concerns. In this changing environment, this paper aims to explore: (1) how (social) sustainability affects SC resilience and (2) what the role of purchasing is for SC resilience. Through a dynamic capability view as the theoretical lens, we investigate whether and how an inclusive purchasing programme could enhance SC resilience capabilities to cope with the Covid-19 outbreak. We developed a Case study with various SC members of a multinational cosmetics company that, despite suffering from a sudden demand disruption during the outbreak, maintained its sustainability actions. The results show that four operational SC resilience capabilities were amplified: ‘visibility’, ‘adaptability’, ‘collaboration’ and ‘financial strength’. In addition, a new capability entitled ‘empowerment’ was mobilised during this period. These factors helped the inclusive purchasing maintenance and were essential to supporting social sustainability. In addition, our results show that sustainable PSM, which is overlooked in the literature, is key for SC resilience. This article contributes to theory and practice because it demonstrates the role and relevance of (inclusive) purchasing in a company's ability to cope with SC disruptions, such as those resulting from the outbreak.     

供应链的“牛鞭效应”与不确定性分析及其对策探讨

供应链的"牛鞭效应"与不确定性,使得要准确预测需求和制定生产供应计划变得困难。为保持供应链运作的稳定性和连续性,在既定的供应链管理目标下,维持合理经济的库存水平是研究的方向。针对供应链运作环境下所产生的"牛鞭效应"和不确定性现象进行分析,在分析供应链的"牛鞭效应"和不确定性产生的原因的基础上,提出了减少或弱化"牛鞭效应"和不确定性的若干应对策略。     

The effects of tariff increases on supply base complexity: A conceptual framework

Recent protectionist trends around the world have raised interest in newly enforced or increased tariffs and their effects on global supply chains. For firms sourcing globally, tariff introductions or increases significantly affect importing costs, which ultimately affect product costs. Such tariff changes may incentivize firms to adjust their supply base to mitigate these cost increases, thus altering the structure and complexity of firms' supply bases. In this paper, we first characterize the U.S. tariff landscape from 1997 to 2017. We then develop a conceptual model to explain how the severity and timing uncertainty of expected tariff increases influence a firm's speed of adapting to the changing tariff environment. Specifically, we explore firms' propensity to form or delete ties to suppliers, which influences supply base complexity. Moreover, we consider factors that moderate the relationship between severity, timing uncertainty, and supply base complexity, including a tariff's geographical scope, a firm's relative purchase spend, and supply risk. Our conceptual model offers both research and managerial implications.     

基于可靠性优化的供应链软联盟规模研究

建立了供应链整体可靠度与其软联盟规模及功能企业选择方式之间的数学模型,并给出了以供应链整体可靠度最大为目标时,供应链软联盟规模一定时,功能企业的选择方式;或在选择方式一定时,供应链软联盟规模的确定方法。     

农产品供应链协调中的期权契约价值研究

通过分析供应链期权机制,建立了农产品供应链协调下的各决策主体的决策模型。基于此模型求得协调状况下供应商的最优价格、产能决策和零售商的最优购买决策。说明了农产品供应链中引入期权机制之后,供应链实现了收益共享、风险共担。     

面向供应链的质量管理

分析了供应链质量管理活动的特点提出了供应链质最管理的概念,讨论了产品全生命周期内质量保证与供应链孕育、构建和运行三个阶段的相关关系,提出了基于质量环的供应链生命周期模型。     

供应链嵌入性结构及其互动机理

阐述了供应链嵌入性结构的概念、模型、构成要素、互动机理以及互动对供应链企业间关系的影响。