INTERSTATE BANKING DEREGULATION AND THE CHANGING NATURE OF BANK MERGERS

We examine a sample of 443 bank mergers between publicly traded banks announced during the 1990s to investigate empirically the role of full interstate banking deregulation. The pre‐deregulation 1990s are characterized by value creation, with mergers involving a high degree of branch overlap experiencing significant announcement gains. Bank mergers in the post‐deregulation 1990s, however, fail to create value, and mergers with a high degree of branch overlap actually experience significant losses. Consistent with prior research, these valuation consequences are magnified for large bank mergers in the 1990s. Overall, our results are consistent with the broader literature on corporate control, suggesting that an economic shock can materially alter industry structure and the economic rationale for the efficient reallocation of assets through merger activity.     

THE ROLE OF INVESTMENT BANK REPUTATION AND RELATIONSHIPS IN EQUITY PRIVATE PLACEMENTS

We explore the role of placement agents in equity private placements. Reputable agents are more likely to place shares of firms that have performed better and that have had frequent prior relationships with the agent. Controlling for self‐selection and endogeneity, firms using reputable agents offer smaller price discounts. However, issuers having frequent prior relationships with placement agents incur higher gross spreads. Although the results support the certification role of investment banks in private placements, they also shed light on the costs incurred by issuers that frequently rely on the same investment bank.     

同业拆借市场发展与监管专题

2007年,同业拆借市场实现了跨越式发展。尤其是2007年7月,新的《同业拆借管理办法》颁布后,管理政策取向的重大转变极大地稳定了市场预期,对市场发展方向产生了积极的引导作用。为了更好地落实《同业拆借管理办法》,做好新形势下同业拆借市场的发展和监管工作,经中国人民银行总行授权,人民银行上海总部于2007年四季度先后两次召开专题座谈会,邀请人民银行部分分支行和金融机构的专家研究市场形势,交流市场管理经验。两次座谈会研讨的内容具有普遍性和典型性,部分做法可供货币市场管理者借鉴。为此,本刊特别推出同业拆借市场发展与监管专题,编发上海总部金融市场管理部和部分分支行的文章,以飨读者。     

INCENTIVES AND THE RESOLUTION OF BANK DISTRESS

Unlike prudential regulations that are put in place prospectivelyto develop banks, procedures for dealing with banks in distressare generally determined on an ad hoc basis. Often the lackof clarity in the policy framework creates incentives for bankmanagers, shareholders, depositors, and regulators that undercutprompt resolution of financial distress. The result is ofteninaction, the accumulation of bad debts, and ultimately theassumption of losses by the state. This article argues thatgovernment intervention to relieve financial distress shouldbe institutionalized in a set of regulations that forces theauthorities to comply with reporting and decisionmaking processes.Only in this way can inherent disincentives for dealing withdistress be curtailed.      

MARKET POWER,BANK MEGAMERGERS,AND THE WELFARE OF BANK BORROWERS

We assess the effects on the welfare of corporate borrowers of the recent wave of bank consolidations in the United States that has produced a small number of very large banks. Our evidence from a sample of more than 3,000 commercial borrowers from banks involved in large mergers indicates that the wealth effects on these borrowers are highly negative, statistically significant, and economically important. These negative investor perceptions seem to be driven largely by the expectation of changes in banks’ market power resulting from the mergers.     

加拿大蒙特利尔银行的信贷管理及其借鉴

本文对加拿大蒙特利尔银行的经营管理方式进行了系统的介绍和分析,重点考察了蒙行的信贷文化、组织机构、信贷程序、经营理念和风险管理.西方商业银行的发展已有数百年的历史,它们在银行经营管理方面积累了丰富的经验,如果我国商业银行能根据国情对此进行选择性的吸收和继承,无疑在改革和转制成为真正的商业银行管理模式的过程中少走很多弯路.本文最后对工商银行的信贷管理提出了建议,包括:建立有自身特色的信贷文化;根据本行的风险偏好设定收益与风险的对应关系;运用先进的风险测量方法进行风险控制;根据市场设定组织机构;尽快建立客户资信系统;加强对不良客户的监管;建立金融安全协调与保障机制等.     

商业银行网点资源的整合及其有效运用

新技术革命以及信息技术的发展和在金融业的广泛应用,使银行的分销渠道多元化.新形势下银行经营与发展取决于对各种资源的调配能力,其中网点资源的合理有效运用至关重要.目前,虚拟银行业务正部分地取代传统银行网点业务.但作为面对面沟通最有价值的分销渠道,传统的物理网点仍将长期存在.未来比较现实的选择是物理网点和虚拟网点协同发展,共同为银行创造利润.同时,在新技术应用背景下,传统营业机构要保持继续存在的价值,必须进行整合创新,赋予其新的发展使命,将过去单纯的吸收存款储蓄网点逐步转变成为客户提供金融产品(服务)的销售中心、客户的理财中心和银行的利润中心.     

制定《民间借贷法》迫在眉睫

民间借贷是经济社会发展到一定阶段,企业和个人财富逐步积累、产业资本向金融资本转化、现有金融体系尚不能完全满足社会需求等多种因素作用的结果。改革开放以来,我国经济持续快速发展,社会财富积累不断扩大,加之民间借贷具有手续便捷、方式灵活、交易成本低、贷后管理简便以及借贷利率自主议定等特点,吸引了大量民间资本进入借贷市场,民间资本规模呈现几何式增长。     

商业银行的经营能力与组织结构调整

中国的商业银行现在面临着这样一种局面:一方面是经济活动中大量的金融活动需求得不到充分满足,引来国外银行虎视眈眈;另一方面是银行陷于简单的,主要反映为规模、存款的简单竞争中,缺乏有效的市场拓展能力.中国商业银行的运作方式是一个典型的计划经济的产物,这样的结构难以形成内部活跃的创新力,也没有足够的经营能力提升对金融服务的供给能力.因此,我国的商业银行必须立足于银行的根本经营能力进行功能创新.而脱胎于计划经济的组织结构是建立银行根本经营能力的主要障碍.本文从构建商业银行经营能力的角度讨论了组织结构变革的必要性及其主要内容.     

从交易费用看银企交易控制权的分配与运用

银企交易是一种产权交易,银企产权交易中控制权在银企双方的分配和运用对银企交易效率有重要的影响.控制权的分配与运用与银企双方对交易费用的支出偏好、习惯等有关.交易费用可以分为契约费用和监督费用,银企双方在交易事前、事中和事后对契约费用和监督费用的支出受文化传统、道德习惯等无形规制和法律法规制度等有形规制的影响,从而呈现不同的特点.银企关系在市场竞争中稳定存在的前提和基础是银企能够根据风险程度和收益目标合理分配和有效运用契约明示的控制权或契约之外的剩余控制权.通过对交易费用支出的研究分析,我们可以探寻重塑我国银企关系、提高银企交易效率的途径.