Further evidence of the added-worker effect among white couples

Summary A logit technique is used to estimate couples' joint probabilities of various labor force statuses, given their personal characteristics. Conditional probabilities of the labor force status of wives are inferred. Women whose husbands face employment constraints are compared with counterparts whose husbands face no employment constraints. The results tend to confirm an added-worker effect, especially among women whose husbands are unemployed.The authors aro Assistant Professor at Villanova University in Villanova, PA, and Associate Professor at Widener University in Chester, PA, respectively, and are equally responsible for the contents of this paper.     

土家族传统嫁妆的文化象征意义——以湖北咸丰大水坪村为例

以湖北省咸丰县大水坪村为个案分析研究可以得知：在土家族的传统嫁妆中,＂夸富宴＂、生殖崇拜和火崇拜等均蕴含着特定的文化象征意义,展示了土家族丰富的传统文化。     

Colors and its Expressions between English and Chinese

Scientific research indicates that seven million kinds of colors can be found in the world. However, color expressions are only limited to seyeral hundreds in classification People＇s actual life is closely related to color. There are many color expressions which reflect different culture psychologiesand emotional colorings both in Chinese and English. Color is a kind of vis＇ual effect. Because the mankindhas the same physiological mechanism and vision nerotic the color words areno different in essence, theoretically. However, because of various language culture, historical background, religious belief, mode of thinking, aesthetic temperament and mterest etc. in different nationality, people＇s impression of color and expression are different, and the associative meaning produced by the color has nothing in common with each other. There are different and various color words and expressions in English and Chinese. Sometimes it is diffcuh to find equivalent expression in one lanmaae. This paper discusses the difference between EngLish and Chmase color works by means of contrast indicating that due to different language habits, historic background and traditional customs and so on. There for it is useful to study and know the differences and is inductiv to overcoming cultural bgrridrs and promoting the cross-cultural communication.     

风马象征意义的结构分析

风马,作为世代生活在雪域高原上藏民族文化的一个标志性象征,多有学者进行研究,但就风马的象征意义只是在历史与宗教背景下的简单陈述,缺乏对风马象征意义的结构性认识。以前人关于风马的研究为基础,结合结构主义人类学相关理论,对风马象征意义的结构进行分析,试图得出风马象征意义深层内涵的结构。     

象征性消费行为的存在主义心理学分析

文章以存在主义心理学为基本理论,对象征性消费行为进行分析,提出象征性消费行为是现代社会中个体的人获得存在感的一种重要手段。     

警惕消费主义 促进和谐发展

消费主义作为西方社会的主流意识形态,以物质主义和享乐主义为价值目标,崇尚过度的物质占有并将消费视为人生的最高意义。它的产生是经济、政策、舆论以及大众媒体等各方面因素共同作用的结果。消费主义在全球范围内的蔓延,对人类的社会生活产生了极为不利的影响。     

可持续消费模式与构建和谐社会

构建和谐社会与人们的消费模式之间存在着密切联系;我国现行的消费模式存在着一定问题,这些问题在一定程度上不利于社会的和谐发展,可持续消费模式是构建和谐社会的现实选择,因此必须倡导建立一种可持续消费模式,以促进和谐社会目标的顺利实现。     

浅论上市公司盈余管理

本文运用统计方法 ,选取有效建模变量 ,建立了Logit预测模型对我国上市公司财务困境进行了预测。研究结果表明该模型具有良好的预测精度 ,可以作为证券投资者和分析人员使用的一种有效的财务困境预测工具。     

基于面板数据的我国制造业上市公司财务危机预警研究

以制造业上市公司为研究对象,基于Panel logit模型理论,考虑财务比率在时间序列上的趋势性和历史数据对结果的影响,构建了财务危机预警模型,分析了上市公司陷入财务危机的影响因素。实证结果表明:偿债因子、盈利因子、营运因子、资本运用因子和资本结构因子均与上市公司陷入财务危机负相关。     

Tax Rebate and Dividend Payout in Bangladesh

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the introduction of 20% tax rebate in 2002 for certain firms on the dividend policy of firms potentially qualifying for this rebate in Bangladesh. A balanced panel data set of 63 non-financial firms of Bangladesh for 14 （1998-2011） years from the Dhaka stock exchange is used for this purpose Newey-West estimator is used to estimate a logit model and the specified model uses binary values of 0 and 1 to identify if it met the tax rebate threshold. The explanatory variables are finn size, log of market value to face value ratio and profitability. A dummy variable was used to separate the pre-rebate period （2003 and before） from post-rebate period （after 2003）. The dummy variable turned out to be insignificant indicating that introduction of the tax rebate had no impact on dividend policy of qualifying firms.     

基于违约成本的银行信贷风险管理

银行贷款的风险管理是关系到整个金融系统稳定的重大问题。本文利用logit方法以及人民银行提供的信贷数据库,根据相关的变量建立模型,并分析了该模型对贷款违约的预测能力。与以前的研究不同,我们的研究着重考虑了违约成本在贷款决策中影响,给予一类、二类错误不同的权重,这样的预测模型能更好地符合银行实际操作的需求。本文的研究也可以作为银行内部风险管理的参考。     

流动人员就业稳定性与专用性人力资本投资研究--基于不完全契约理论的一个解释

文章基于不完全契约理论,在“敲竹杠”模型中引入员工就业不稳定性,分析了员工就业稳定性与专业用性人力资本投资的关系,认为员工稳定性的就业预期对于企业进行专用性人力资本投资是一种激励;而企业在培训后提高薪酬福利待遇对于员工专用性人力资本投资也是一种激励。文章还通过东莞调研数据运用有序logit模型对这些结论进行验证。同时,提出了提高流动人口就业稳定性和专用性人力资本投资的建议,主要包括：改进户籍制度、提供公共服务等政府制度供给。     

不完全城市化对我国消费的影响研究

不完全的城市化使得大多数农民只能在城市得到非正规的就业,“短期”行为和“内卷化”,造成了消费的不足和无法扩大消费。文章通过建立个人多期消费模型,从理论上分析了不完全城市化是如何影响消费的,并建立状态空间数据模型,实证检验了我国不完全城市化对消费的影响。结果表明,不完全城市化导致了长期的消费不足,并且依据个人自身情况的不同,不完全城市化对其消费的形象也不同。充分认识和了解不完全城市化对消费需求的影响,有助于解决我国内需不足的现状,从而转变现有投资和出口的经济增长战略,实现以内需拉动中国的经济增长。解决这些问题不但需要制度的创新,其核心是户籍制度和就业制度,而且还需要紧跟合理的规划和政策性支持。     

Sport and Measurement of Competition

Summary  Sport is becoming an activity of increasing importance: over time more people participate in sport (active sport consumption), more time is spent watching sport (passive sport consumption). An important part of sport consumption is passive sport consumption where production and consumption are separate: (professional) athletes engage in a contest, and fans pay to watch the contest. An important characteristic of sport that generates this demand is relative competition: the competitiveness of a particular match or league. In this paper, we set out to measure competitive balance in three sports (soccer, tennis, and skating), and assess its development over time. As we separate variation in quality of teams or athletes from randomness of outcome, we can compare relative competition in these three sports. Part of this paper was written when I enjoyed the hospitality of the University of Salford. I thank David Forrest, Ian McHale, and Bertus Talsma for fruitful discussions. Bertus Talsma helped to get the skating data. All calculations and graphs were done using R (R Development Core Team 2008). An Appendix with additional tables and graphs is available on .     

Durable Goods,Time Preference and The Dynamics of the Current Account

A small open economy model with an endogenous time preference is used to study the current account dynamics when consumption exhibits durability. There is a unique level of instantaneous utility and stock of durables that must be maintained in the steady state. A terms of trade deterioration requires a net asset accumulation and a fall in consumption expenditures along the adjustment path. Nevertheless, the fall in consumption expenditures leads to a fall in the stock of durables, which has to be corrected somewhere along the adjustment path, and which may lead to a non-monotonic adjustment of the current account (J-curve).

收入分布、厂商定价与耐用品的消费扩张

本文考察了收入差距对耐用消费品消费的影响。我们从厂商的定价理论出发。说明了收入差距对耐用消费品消费呈现出倒U型的影响：随着收入差距扩大，耐用消费品的消费量增加，但是，收入差距继续扩大则会减少耐用消费品的消费。这说明，适当的收入差距有利于社会消费水平提高和经济的发展，过大和过小的收入差距都无助于经济的起飞。我们最后运用城镇居民和农村居民彩电、洗衣机和冰箱的拥有量对该理论进行了实证检验，实证检验结果基本上支持了我们的理论分析。