The impact of exchange rate risk on the foreign direct investment of U.S. multinational manufacturing companies

This paper extends the examination of the effects of exchange rate risk on the foreign direct investment decision of U.S. multinationals in manufacturing. It does so by explicitly developing a model which incorporates exchange rate risk into the objective function of the firm and tests the model on cross-sectional data over the years 1974 to 1977 for investment in both developed and less developed countries. These are the only years for which data on all crucial variables are available. In all cases the risk aversity hypothesis was substantiated and the same model was appropriate for both developed and less developed countries.     

Divide and Rule: Geographical Diversification and the Multinational Firm

We develop a model to illustrate a motive for FDI that derives from a firm's overall locational strategy. A firm, that initially has a plant in its home country, may choose to also have a foreign plant in order to improve its bargaining position versus local labour unions. This permits the firm to reduce wages. Furthermore, the existence of a second foreign plant acts to discipline the demands of foreign workers. Thus, the firm is faced with a link between the wage and its degree of geographical diversification. This drives up the number of plants the firm has in equilibrium.     

电子商务中企业物流模式的分析及选择

近年来,我国的外商投资有了很大程度的发展。本文分析了在利用外资过程中存在的问题,并就问 题的解决提出几点建议。     

Demographic Aspects of Urbanization in Korea

Abstract

This study analysed the location selection determinants of Korean foreign direct investment (KFDI) from the perspectives of OLI paradigm and resource- and knowledge-based views. The study involved a sample of 1911 Korean multinational enterprises (MNEs) and their 3095 foreign subsidiaries during the period of 1999–2004. Specifically, the study compared the differences of foreign direct investment (FDI) location decisions (1) between less-developed and developed countries (LDCs and DCs) and (2) between chaebols and non-chaebols. The results showed that the partitioned sample model of chaebols versus non-chaebols was found to have more detailed effects on the location decision between the two regions than the combined full sample model. In addition, the results showed that there are clear, effectual differences for subsidiary scale and prior host country experience between chaebols and non-chaebols.     

Study on the applications of the Sarbanes Oxley Act in multinational corporations

The United States Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002 （Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002）. The Act included many provisions that reflect on corporate governance for publicly traded corporations. The authors thought that the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act generally should apply to all US and non-US companies that had reporting obligations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended or that had filed registration statements under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended which they had not withdrawn. In Section two of the paper, from different perspectives, the author discussed why Many Multinational Companies （MNCs） should abide by the provisions pertaining to publicly trade corporation in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. At last, the authors examined which provisions that related to publicly traded corporations should be applied in MNCs and why others should not be applied.     

目前跨国公司在华直接投资趋势及影响

随着信息技术的进步和国际竞争压力的增大,跨国公司开始在更大范围内发掘其竞争优势,其对华投资战略正在发生比较明显的变化。本文拟对跨国公司在投资方式、投资经营战略、以及投资的区域选择等的发展趋势及影响进行一些比较深入的探讨。     

Exchange rates and ownership structure of Japanese multinational firms

This paper investigates the determinants of Japanese multinationals’ ownership structures. Unlike most previous studies that neglect the impact of financial constraints on ownership, we add the exchange rate as a measure of wealth and test whether exchange rates affect the ownership share of foreign direct investment projects. After controlling for other variables that affect ownership, we find that exchange rates have a significant effect on the likelihood of wholly owned subsidiaries. We also discuss several other explanations for the link between exchange rates and foreign direct investment and provide evidence that the link stems from capital-market imperfections.     

The Role of China in the Global Strategy of Multinational Enterprises

This paper moves from the general to the particular. First, it examines the differential speed of globalization in different types of market – specifically markets in finance, goods and services, and finally labour markets. It then analyses the location and ownership strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs), both as regards individual national markets and then in terms of the interaction between national markets (the ‘local/global’ spectrum). This analytical framework is applied to the place of China in the global strategy of MNEs. This application illuminates the role of DFI (direct foreign investment) in China and illustrates the peculiarities of China's place in the global system. The distortions in China's domestic system interact with the global strategies of MNEs to produce several interesting results, including: (1) the importance of MNEs’ ownership strategy; (2) non-optimal location decisions; (3) the ‘excessive internalization’ of activities in China; and (4) the growing importance of China as a location for DFI and, in future, the potential for growth of outward DFI from China.     

外资国民待遇与我国外资法的调整

本文认为对外资国民待遇的含义界定应从内涵和外延两方面结合做出。从内涵上讲,应采纳"不低于"标准;从外延上讲,应限于东道国具体承诺的"不低于"领域。外资国民待遇的含义影响我国对外资法的调整,在外资法的调整中,要准确把握外资国民待遇的含义,充分运用好外资管辖权。     

对我国对外直接投资区位选择的思考

本文认为我国对外直接投资的区位选择不能过于集中,目前的对策是重点投资东南亚地区,开展对发达国家周边发展中国家和资源丰富国家的投资,鼓励中小企业投资发展中国家,有针对地投资发达国家。     

The role of foreign direct investment in Indonesia's manufacturing exports

This article examines whether foreign direct investment (FDI) has contributed to the changing structure of Indonesia's manufacturing exports. It uses industry-level data from 1990 to 2008, classified by factor intensity. Our analysis reveals that FDI promotes exports in most panel observations, especially exports from physical-capital-intensive (PCI), human-capital-intensive (HCI) and technology-intensive (TI) industries. Yet by applying a differentiated cross-section-effect model, we determine that the export-generating potential of FDI is stronger in PCI, HCI and TI industries than in natural-resource-intensive or unskilled-labour-intensive industries, in which Indonesia has a comparative advantage. We also assess the influence of other determinants of export performance – namely, private domestic capital investment, GDP growth and exchange rates. Our findings have implications for policymakers seeking to sustain Indonesia's export performance.     

新形势下跨国公司对华投资的战略调整

随着世界经济形势的瞬息万变以及信息技术的飞速发展,使得跨国公司的投资目标和战略正在发生变化,相应地,其对华投资战略也出现了一些新的趋势。尤其是我国加入WTO后,跨国公司这种对华投资战略调整的趋势愈发明显,对中国经济的影响也日渐突显。     

Export Spillovers to Chinese Firms: Evidence from Provincial Data

Multinational firms are important conduits of managerial skills, foreign market linkages, and technology. Foreign export spillovers associated with multinational firms have the potential to reduce entry costs for local exporting firms. This paper examines whether exports by multinational firms increase the probability of exporting by domestic Chinese firms. The findings from the Probit estimation highlight the varying relationships between multinational exports and local foreign entry based on the type of ownership. The results from separating foreign-invested enterprises into overseas Chinese companies and OECD-based multinational firms suggest that the export activity of the former does not increase the probability of exporting by local firms, whereas the latter positively influence the export decision of local firms, particularly under processing trade.     

跨国企业在中国文化营销中分层策略的研究

本文通过案例比较以及理论分析的方法,得出这样的结论,跨国企业将我国市场的文化分为:主流文化、非主流文化、以及潜在文化趋势三个层次。然后针对这三个不同层次的文化采取不同的措施为途径,达到企业打开、融入新市场的目的。     

我国上市公司使用外商直接投资的绩效研究

针对近年来中国利用外商直接投资的规模不断扩大和速度增长快速的现状,研究外商直接投资的流入对公司层面的绩效的作用。本文将从中国上市公司总体中随机选取75个上市公司为研究样本,通过构建衡量公司绩效的财务指标体系,运用因子分析法研究FDI对公司具体绩效的影响。最后,本文得出外商直接投资对公司的整体绩效,尤其是在运营方面,有着明显提高效应的分析结论。     

Investigating Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investments： How Can Firm-level Data Help？

The empirical literature on China＇s outward foreign direct investment mainly relies on aggregate data from official statistics, but the reliability of such data is currently a matter of concern because it does not take account of relevant features such as industry breakdown, ownership structure and entry mode. A novel firm-level database, EMENDATA, compiled by matching data from several available sources on various types of cross-border deals and including information on group structure, provides a more accurate picture and enables new empirical analyses of the rapidly increasing presence of Chinese companies abroad. Based on this database, this paper offers a more precise assessment of the geographical and sector specialization patterns of Chinese outward foreign direct investment into Europe and suggests new avenues for future research.     

Antidumping and foreign divestment: Japanese electronics multinationals in the EU

This paper explores the relationship between the closure of “antidumping jumping” manufacturing plants and the repeal of antidumping measures. Of 67 identified Japanese “antidumping jumping” production lines in the EU in 1990 only 31 remained in operation in 1999. Analysis of the probability of divestment for 209 Japanese plants in the broadly defined electronics industry shows that Japanese plants of manufacturing products for which antidumping duties had been repealed are significantly and substantially more likely to be divested. The results suggest that the potential positive effects of antidumping duties on host economies by inducing inward investment are in many cases short-lived and easily overestimated. JEL no. F23, F13, L11     

Vertical Spillover Effects of Multinationals on Chinese Domestic Firms via Supplier-Customer Relationships

Foreign direct investment （FDI） can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the performance of domestic firms through backward and forward supplier- customer relationships. The spillover effects are mainly from large multinational enterprises and are greater for state-owned firms and in poor regions. Our results are robust for both parametric regression and nonparametric matching techniques. Our findings have strong policy implications： while regulations relating to building business relationships with domestic firms when seeking foreign direct investment should be established, such policies should be aimed at private firms, big multinationals and less developed regions.