论跨国公司研发投资在我国的扩张与实施——谈企业自主创新能力的提升

随着中国作为全球重要制造基地地位的逐渐形成和加强，向中国转移研发能力、提升其在中国产业的竞争力，已成为许多跨国公司的共识。文章论述了跨国公司研发投资在我国的扩张与实施的内涵，指出了跨国公司日益增加在华研发中心和研发机构的重要特征。并且就我国企业如何学习借鉴跨国公司本土化研发投资经验，提升企业自身创新能力提出了有益的见解。     

Localization of foreign multinational companies in Korea

In response to the 1997 Asian financial crisis that devastated the Korean economy, the government performed promotional efforts, comprehensive structural reform, and implemented policies to create a favorable environment for foreign direct investment (FDI). While the Korean government announced deregulation plans to support foreign companies, the public also became more aware of the need for foreign capital to overcome the crisis and revive the economy. The change of atmosphere and the perception on the need to induce the inflow of foreign capital provided the basis for this study. In addition, the crucial role of foreign multinational companies and their efforts to achieve market recognition in a more comprehensive way have provoked this study on the localization of foreign multinational companies in Korea. Investment purposes, entry methods, and the degree of competition by multinational companies in Korea were the variables that lead these companies to respond to localization.     

中国对外直接投资与对外贸易关系的实证研究——基于美国、中国香港、越南的合成数据回归分析

由于人民币升值、外汇储备飙升，更多的中国企业选择以对外直接投资的方式参与国际经济分工，对外贸易与对外直接投资的关系也变得愈加紧密和复杂。选取1996-2006年中国对美国、中国香港、越南的FDI流量，进、出口量做合成数据回归分析，结果表明：中国对外直接投资与对外贸易的关系在空间上存在不同，二者关系以及关系强弱因东道国（地区）经济发展水平不同而不同。最后，提出了有关的对策建议。     

外商直接投资与中国对外贸易发展的经验研究

文章基于1980-2004年中国经济时间序列数据,综合考察了外商直接投资对我国贸易总额、出口贸易额、进口贸易额的影响作用,并考虑了引资政策、贸易政策的变化对投资-贸易关系的结构冲击.     

Investigating Chinese Outward Foreign Direct Investments： How Can Firm-level Data Help？

The empirical literature on China＇s outward foreign direct investment mainly relies on aggregate data from official statistics, but the reliability of such data is currently a matter of concern because it does not take account of relevant features such as industry breakdown, ownership structure and entry mode. A novel firm-level database, EMENDATA, compiled by matching data from several available sources on various types of cross-border deals and including information on group structure, provides a more accurate picture and enables new empirical analyses of the rapidly increasing presence of Chinese companies abroad. Based on this database, this paper offers a more precise assessment of the geographical and sector specialization patterns of Chinese outward foreign direct investment into Europe and suggests new avenues for future research.     

中国三大都市圈利用外商直接投资的相对规模——市场经济体制转型以来的比较研究

本文采用联合国贸易和发展会议关于外商直接投资(FDI)的相对规模指标,测算了1992年我国市场经济体制转型以来,首都圈、长三角及珠三角这三大都市圈FDI流入量占固定资产形成总额的比例、FDI存量与GDP的比值、人均FDI流入量等利用FDI的相对规模水平,并与全国及世界水平进行了比较。研究表明,三大都市圈利用FDI的相对规模水平总体而言高于全国水平;以相对规模指标衡量,珠三角FDI在经济总量和投资中的地位较长三角和首都圈更为重要;与珠三角和长三角相比,首都圈FDI在其经济总量和投资中的地位尚不突出;在世界范围以人均FDI流入量考量,三大都市圈需进一步扩大利用FDI的规模。     

外商在浙江的直接投资污染问题及对策

利用近几年来的有关数据,本文对外商投资于浙江的部分污染密集型行业进行了分析,认为在浙江吸引外资过程中外商确有投资于污染密集型产业的倾向,对此用相关理论进行了解释,并且提出了相应的建议.     

我国外商直接投资的挤出(挤入)效应研究

外商直接投资可能因为生产经营的介入而影响到东道国的经济结构和当地企业的决策和业绩,增加技术转移的力度等,这些称之为FDI的间接效应。挤出(挤入)效应是本文研究的重点,它是间接效应的一种。本文介绍并分析了各个市场中挤出(挤入)效应产生的背景条件和具体表现,并借鉴实证研究的结论,分析了我国利用外商直接投资存在的问题并对如何利用好流入的外商直接投资并减小其负面影响提出了相关建议。     

Does Korea follow Japan in foreign aid? Relationships between aid and foreign investment

Korea, an emerging donor country, largely considers its economic relations to recipients when allocating its aid. Such practices were preceded by Japan before the 1990s. We expect those similar practices between the two countries will make resemblance in aid outcomes. On a macro-level, we show similarities in aid allocations by type, region, income, and sector. The similarities are ascertained also at a micro-level by our statistical analysis on the relationships between aid and FDI. The analysis based on the FDI gravity model and panel dynamic system GMM estimation shows that only aids from Korea and Japan create more inflow of FDI into their respective recipient developing countries. Those are contrasted with other donors’ aids, which are not related to FDI or the substitute for FDI.     

Regional Characteristics,Industry Agglomeration and Location Choice: Evidence from Japanese Manufacturing Investments in Korea*

Using extensive firm‐level data for the years 1998–2006, we analyze the regional location decision of Japanese manufacturing foreign direct investors in Korea by focusing on the role of agglomeration economies. Our logit estimates indicate that horizontal agglomeration matters in the location decision, but vertical agglomeration does not. Strong evidence of country‐of‐origin effects is found. Japanese foreign direct investments in high‐technology industries show a typical ‘follow‐the‐leader’ pattern, while those in the in low‐technology industries are influenced by regional endowments. In addition, Japan's high‐technology firms are likely to prefer urban locations so that they can enjoy the externalities of business services.     

The Role of China in the Global Strategy of Multinational Enterprises

This paper moves from the general to the particular. First, it examines the differential speed of globalization in different types of market – specifically markets in finance, goods and services, and finally labour markets. It then analyses the location and ownership strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs), both as regards individual national markets and then in terms of the interaction between national markets (the ‘local/global’ spectrum). This analytical framework is applied to the place of China in the global strategy of MNEs. This application illuminates the role of DFI (direct foreign investment) in China and illustrates the peculiarities of China's place in the global system. The distortions in China's domestic system interact with the global strategies of MNEs to produce several interesting results, including: (1) the importance of MNEs’ ownership strategy; (2) non-optimal location decisions; (3) the ‘excessive internalization’ of activities in China; and (4) the growing importance of China as a location for DFI and, in future, the potential for growth of outward DFI from China.     

Are Investment Promotion Agencies Effective in Promoting Outward Foreign Direct Investment? The Cases of Japan and Korea

In this paper we examine the role of investment promotion agencies (IPA) in promoting outward foreign direct investment (FDI) from Japan and Korea. Looking at two home countries enables us to control for both country‐pair time‐invariant characteristics and host‐country time‐varying characteristics. Our empirical results suggest that home‐country IPA tend to be more effective in promoting outward FDI in politically risky host countries. However, this finding depends on whether the home‐country firm is listed or unlisted. More specifically, we find that the positive effect of home‐country IPA on outward FDI in politically risky countries is limited to unlisted home‐country firms, which tend to be less productive.     

An Analysis of Tax Incentives to Attract FDI in Bangladesh： An Empirical Study

The purpose of the study is to understand whether it is still viable to use tax incentives to attract foreign direct investment （FDI） considering their effectiveness and costs to the country, and if not, what should be the alternative, effective, and viable means of promoting the vital FDI inflow. The study investigated various incentives provided by BOI, and other relevant sources available as secondary sources. However, the multinational enterprises （MNEs） are not attracting for investment in Bangladesh always with tax incentives and there are alternative means of attracting FDI such as direct financial grants, subsidies loan guarantees, etc. This paper focuses on tax incentives and the debate against the effectiveness and efficiency in attracting FDI.     

Factors Influencing FDI Location Choice in China＇s Inland Areas

Since 1978, the bulk of foreign direct investment （FDI） has gone to the south-eastern coastal areas in China, with only a small portion received inland. With the launch of the Western Development Strategy in 2000 and the Central China Rising Strategy in 2004, the choice of investment locations has expanded to inland areas. Based on panel data covering 98 inland cities from 1999 to 2005, this study identifies location preference variables for FDI invested in China＇s inland areas, and finds that well-established factors such as natural resources and low labor costs are not important factors in determining FDI locations within China＇s inland. Instead, policy incentives and industrial agglomeration are the most important factors. The findings of the present study have policy implications for both host country authorities and multinational corporations.     

外商直接投资对江西产业结构调整效应的实证分析

本文利用江西省最新数据,采用分布滞后模型来分析外商直接投资对江西省产业结构调整的效应。结果发现,外商直接投资对江西省产业结构的变化具有影响,但对三次产业的影响力大小依次是第二产业、第一产业和第三产业。     

The Paradoxes of Thailand's Pre-crisis Export Performance

Abstract

Starting from the observation that Thailand succeeded in developing its exports in a spectacular way in the decades preceding the 1997 financial crisis, the author points to a number of apparent paradoxes that become apparent when looking at Thai trade policies in detail. For example, Thai trade policy was characterized by an anti-export bias, the causal effect of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on exports could not clearly be demonstrated, and the effects of discriminatory tariff reductions were apparently very poor. Elements of an explanation are suggested.     

Vertical Spillover Effects of Multinationals on Chinese Domestic Firms via Supplier-Customer Relationships

Foreign direct investment （FDI） can benefit domestic firms in the host country. Using firm- level data for China, we find statistically positive vertical spillover effects of multinational enterprises on the performance of domestic firms through backward and forward supplier- customer relationships. The spillover effects are mainly from large multinational enterprises and are greater for state-owned firms and in poor regions. Our results are robust for both parametric regression and nonparametric matching techniques. Our findings have strong policy implications： while regulations relating to building business relationships with domestic firms when seeking foreign direct investment should be established, such policies should be aimed at private firms, big multinationals and less developed regions.