农业部部署2014年汛期渔业安全生产及防汛抗台工作

<正>为做好汛期渔业安全生产及防汛抗台工作,针对2014年汛期气候特点,农业部近日下发通知,要求各地渔业主管部门牢固树立科学发展、安全发展理念,进一步增强"底线"思维和"红线"意识,高度重视汛期渔业安全生产工作,切实加强组织领导,落实安全生产责任,保障作业渔船、养殖设施、渔港等渔业设施及人员安全,最大限度地减少台风等灾害损失,促进渔区社会和谐稳定。     

农业部部署2014年汛期渔业安全生产及防汛抗台工作

<正>为做好汛期渔业安全生产及防汛抗台工作,针对2014年汛期气候特点,农业部近日下发通知,要求各地渔业主管部门牢固树立科学发展、安全发展理念,进一步增强"底线"思维和"红线"意识,高度重视汛期渔业安全生产工作,切实加强组织领导,落实安全生产责任,保障作业渔船、养殖设施、渔港等渔业设施及人员安全,最大限度地减少台风等灾害损失,促进渔区社会和谐稳定。     

浠水县设施渔业的发展现状与思考

<正>设施渔业是在有限的土地资源内,通过增加设施投入,使其产出和效能大大高于目前一般池塘养殖生产经营的一种高投入、高产出、高效益的渔业生产经营模式。设施渔业具备科学的管理手段和先进的养殖设备,是集优质、高产、高效、节能、环保、生态、健康于一体的水产养殖模式。是实现渔业生产方式的根本性转变,发展现代渔业的必然趋势。一、国内、国外设施渔业的发展趋势随着人们对食品全面营养的追求,水产品需求量越来越大,在人们盲目追求产量而增加养殖面积、增加养殖密度、增加投饲量的同时,养殖水域环境日益     

设施渔业的发展优势

<正> 设施渔业是我国渔业应对加入WTO挑战的需要。目前,我国棉花、玉米等主要农产品价格高于国际市场,而水产品价格普遍低于国际市场价格,入世后我国农产品关税降至14.5％,政府对渔业的保护性政策也将取消,使国内水产品市场面临很大挑战。发展设施渔业,可吸引外资和引进先进技术,生产特色、优质、高附加值、高科技含量的水产品,提     

加快我国设施渔业发展的探讨

随着中国渔业发展的提速,设施渔业作为渔业发展的重要领域得到越来越多的企业的青睐。本文在定义设施渔业和剖析发展设施的可行性的基础上,结合可行性与设施渔业发展的实践,提出了进一步发展设施渔业的措施与途径。     

美国淡水养殖科技含量高

<正> 美国在淡水渔业行业管理和科技发展方面广泛地应用了基因工程、自动控制和网络等现代技术手段,渔业生产技术含量高,产业化程度强,经济效益良好;同时,高度重视对资源、环境的保护,强调“以人为本,环保第一”,渔业设施建设、     

加快我国设施渔业建设的探讨

随着中国渔业发展的提速,设施渔业作为渔业发展的重要领域得到越来越多的企业的青睐.本文在定义设施渔业和剖析发展设施的可行性的基础上,结合可行性与设施渔业发展的实践,提出了进一步发展设施渔业的措施与途径.     

生态渔业的养殖生产模式及发展分析

生态渔业作为实现渔业可持续发展的重要内容,经过近30年的发展,已经显现了它的生机,并取得了较好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。本文通过论述生态渔业的概念,分析其生产模式,提出了生态渔业的发展新思路,实现渔业发展目标。     

21世纪渔业的创新发展模式

人类社会已经迈入 2 1世纪 ,人们对环境保护的意识日益加强 ,人们的消费倾向也已经从数量型转向质量型 ,传统渔业受到了严峻的挑战。因此 ,新世纪渔业的创新发展模式已成为一个新的研究课题。以“设施渔业”、“高效渔业”、“绿色渔业”、“无公害渔业”等为代表的渔业发展模式将成为 2 1世纪渔业发展的主流。一、设施渔业“设施渔业” ,又称“环境控制渔业”或“工厂化渔业” ,是利用工程技术和工业化生产方式 ,建立现代化的渔业设施 ,为渔业经济品种生长提供人工控制的最佳环境 ,使其在最经济的生长空间内 ,获得最高的产量、最好的品质和…     

黄冈市春季渔业生产开局良好

<正>去冬今春黄冈市各地水产部门认真贯彻落实省、市农村(水产)工作会议精神,着力加强渔业基础设施建设和科技下乡工作,努力提高渔业硬件设施水平和渔业从业人员生产素质,合理规划,扎实苦干,有序推进,渔业生产取得了良好开局。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.