对城镇化背景下农民专业合作社法律问题的考察

近年来,农民专业合作社发展迅速,并且将成为引领我国农业生产经营体制创新的重要主体,已经成为我国主要的市场主体之一。而根据传统的民商法理论已经不能清楚地判断农村专业合作社的法律性质,使得理论界对此产生争议。本文从对农民专业合作社的性质、类型等相关问题进行分析研究,明确其在民商事法律关系中的法律地位,并对城镇化背景下农民专业合作社发展的前景进行探究。     

Reforms of China's rural credit cooperatives and policy options

This paper provides an overview of the major reforms to rural credit cooperatives (RCCs) since the middle 1990s and discusses future challenges for RCCs, including unfinished RCC reforms. The focus is on ownership structure, corporate governance, and the historical burdens of RCCs. The paper also presents the official line for future RCC reforms.     

Marketing of farmer professional cooperatives in the wave of transformed agrofood market in China

The upstream agrofood market in China is dominated by a vast number of small farmers and traders, which challenges food safety compliance. To promote small farmers' access to the commercialized agrofood market, membership in farmer professional economic cooperatives (FPCs) is considered to be an important strategy by the Chinese leaders. The goals of this study are to investigate the marketing of FPCs in China and to determine their record of food safety compliance. Based on 157 FPCs from a nearly national representative survey, this paper shows that marketing FPCs in China relies primarily on the wholesale market, but there is a notable penetration of the modern supply chain via FPCs. Government-driven agribusiness facilitates farmers' access to markets via FPCs. However, food safety standards are not well-specified in the current FPCs' marketing.     

Diversify and prosper: Peasant households participating in emerging markets in northeast rural China

Following the sequence of radical rural reforms commencing in 1978, many peasant households in the People's Republic of China (PRC) have been actively diversifying away from time-honored grain production. This article examines the microlevel rewards accruing to a sample of village households located in the northeast province of Liaoning. In particular, we identify and then measure how such diversification affects household income, the level of employment, and the returns to labor. Two explanatory variables are constructed as surrogates for income-source diversification in a series of household production functions. Our results provide robust evidence that households that move from grain enhance significantly several indicators of their economic well-being.     

广西北部湾经济区服务业发展对策研究

本文通过广西服务业发展现状分析及与西部各省的服务业比较,对广西北部湾经济区服务业进行SWOT分析,总结其服务业的优劣势及面临的机遇,提出经济区服务业发展的若干对策。     

河南农民农业收入与生产现状调查

本文是通过对河南省16个地市104份随机的问卷调查的基础上,对68份合格问卷进行定量分析,然后对农民农业收入增长影响的因素进行归纳分析,并提出增加农业农民收入的对策。     

福建农村人力资本水平与农民收入

采用国家统计局福建农村住户调查数据,实证分析了农户家庭人力资本水平与家庭收入之间的关系,结果表明:户主的文化程度越高,农户家庭的总收入越高,家庭收入中来自稳定的收入越多,收入来源越多样化,家庭的生活水平越稳定。随着家庭平均教育水平的提高,农户家庭的收入也不断提高,教育投资的收入弹性呈递增趋势,随着时间的推进,教育对收入的效应逐渐加大。从培训来看,接受培训的农户家庭,其收入明显高于未接受者培训的家庭的人均纯收入,而且随着家庭劳动力接受培训次数的增加,家庭收入也不断增加。     

从产业政策到竞争政策:东亚地区政府干预方式的转型及对中国的启示

以日本和韩国为代表的东亚国家和地区曾经通过产业政策有效地推动了产业结构升级和国民经济持续高速增长,这种以积极干预经济为特征的“发展型政府”及其推行的产业政策一度成为许多发展中国家争相效仿的典范。但东亚金融危机使人们认识到：尽管在经济发展的初期政府干预是必要的,但随着市场发育的逐渐完善,政府的职能应当从经济活动的干预者转变为竞争秩序的维护者。因此,近年来东亚国家相继进行了经济改革,政府推动产业发展的政策正在实现从产业政策向竞争政策的转型。     

人民币汇率政策改革对我国货币政策机制的影响

2005年7月21日我国宣布汇率政策改革后,人民币汇率的形成机制得到进一步完善,这一改革将对我国宏微观经济的各个层面产生深远的影响。本文试从我国的实际经济情况出发,运用汇率政策与货币政策之间相互冲突的经济学原理,来分析汇率政策改革对我国货币政策机制的影响,并提出了完善货币政策机制的几点政策建议。     

日本认定农业者制度及其对我国的启示

日本认定农业者制度是旨在改善农业经营状况、推进农业规模经营、提高农业经营效率的重要农政改革措施。自1993年日本制定并推进该制度以来,政府对认定农业者重点实施了农业经营基础强化资金等低利融资制度、农地流转化对策及支援等措施,产生了良好的效果。研究、借鉴日本认定农业者制度对我国转变农业发展方式、培育家庭农场方面的启示意义。     

我国农民合作经济组织发展的市场环境的培育和完善

本文从农村市场的基础设施、政策和法律环境、金融生态环境、信息环境、科技环境和人力资源环境六个方面分析了我国农民合作经济组织发展的市场环境的现状和存在的问题;同时提出了培育和完善我国农民合作经济组织发展的市场环境的举措。境的     

调控我国内外均衡冲突的政策选择：基于政策搭配理论的研究

本文认为要解决当前我国以通货膨胀和国际收支顺差为特征的内外均衡冲突,在短期内,应该进行人民币升值,并与紧缩性财政政策和紧缩性货币政策进行配合;从长期看,应该进行外汇管理体制的改革,并且完善人民币汇率制度。     

我国紧缩性生货币政策的局限性

本文分析了紧缩性货币政策在人民币升值预期下对抑制流动性过剩、通货膨胀、资产价格上涨的作用及其对实体经济产生的影响,提出在货币政策调控存在着两难选择的情况下,应以市场手段促进资本市场的发展,以优先保护实体经济的正常发展。     

货币政策立场指示器的实证研究——来自我国货币政策操作实践的证据

本文以我国1998年以来的货币政策操作实践为研究背景,对货币政策的经验研究前提--货币政策立场指示器问题进行了实证研究.研究表明,在对实际经济活动的预测能力方面,M1的增长率GM1最强,M2的增长率GM2次之,利率指标则较弱,所以GM1是我国货币政策立场的良好指示器.相应的政策含义是现阶段货币供给量作为中介目标还具有一定的合理性,建议货币当局尽快完善现有的货币统计框架以增强M2作为中介目标的适用性,同时货币政策操作应更加密切地关注M1指标.     

Migration and household investment in rural China

In this paper, we demonstrate how household investment is affected by participation in migration in rural China. We both describe investment patterns across different regions of China and by households with different experiences with migration. We then describe a set of hypotheses about the relationship between migration and investment, and test the hypotheses using household data that we collected in rural China in 2000. We find that in areas with median incomes that are more than twice the poverty line, migration is associated with investment in housing and other consumer durables that is 20% higher than the average. We find no evidence of a link between migration and productive investment.     

中国大陆利用台资政策调整与框架设计

台商大陆投资的现实需要对台资政策进行调整,这种调整不仅有国际实践上的依据,而且有发展大陆经济与两岸经贸关系的现实依据。在当前和今后一个较长时期内,台资政策调整要服务于祖国和平统一大业与发展大陆经济的战略目标,既能对台商大陆投资行为进行有效规制,又不至于影响台商大陆投资积极性的政策组合是台资政策选择与设计的基本出发点。     

论中美货币政策差异及其分配效应

本文通过对货币政策的分析,认为货币政策的增长效应是有限的,分配效应是具有破坏性的,其造成的社会财富的剥夺和转移恶化了收入分配。因此,货币主义的单一规则对总量管理仍然具有很强的指导意义。本文认为,货币供给的总量管理应该永远是稳健的,结构调整应更多地依靠利率和财政政策。美元的弱势和中国的强劲增长为人民币国际化打开了空间。中国应该抓住历史机遇,积极推进人民币自由化、国际化进程。     

Inequality of opportunity in earnings in rural China

This paper explores the role of ‘inequality of opportunity’ in individual earnings in rural China, which is attributed to ‘circumstantial’ factors over which individuals have no control, including family background, gender, ethnic minority status and region of birth. These circumstances are contrasted with ‘efforts’ or choices that individuals make, which also impact on their individual earnings. Utilising the China Labour-force Dynamics Survey (CLDS) 2014, I measure the share of inequality of opportunity in the overall inequality of individual annual earnings for the entire sample and for each of four ten-year birth cohorts in rural China. The empirical results revealed that the share of inequality of opportunity in individual earnings for the full sample is 20.4% of the GE(0) coefficient. The adoption of machine learning methods provides a wide range of estimates between 16.4% (regression tress) and 25.4% (forests). Across all birth cohorts, gender is consistently the largest single contributor to inequality of opportunity, while family background is relatively more important for younger cohorts. A closer investigation indicates that those who find themselves in the worst circumstances are likely to exert lower level of effort, not because they don’t want to try harder, but because their circumstances prevent them from doing so.     

对我国出口退税政策调整的思考

出口退税政策作为我国鼓励出口的一项重要措施,自1985年恢复实施以来,由于不同政策目的的需要经历了一系列的调整。本文通过对我国出口退税政策调整过程的论述,分析了我国出口退税政策存在的问题,从而提出了完善我国出口退税政策的对策建议。     

Decomposing Income Inequality and Policy Implications in Rural China

Using village data from samples covering 6 provinces,36 counties and 216 townships,the income inequalities within and between townships in rural China are assessed. The Theil index and the mean logarithmic deviation methods enable us to test income inequality at the township level,and to decompose it into intra-regional and inter-regional at county and provincial levels. In the present paper,we also decompose income inequalities between and within the nationally designated poor counties (NDPC). The results show that approximately two-thirds of the income inequality in rural China would be eliminated if measures and policies were targeted at the county level. This study also confirms the rationale that China's poverty alleviation strategy of focusing on poor counties based on the inequalities between NDPC and non-NDPC accounts for the most inter-province inequality.