医疗个人账户的功能和作用

医疗个人账户是对传统医疗保险模式的一次重大改革,目前已经在多个国家应用,其设计思想和应用结果也正日益引起人们的兴趣。中国自从1994年“两江试点”以来,在法定医疗保险制度中引入个人账户,已经过了10多年的历史,但是医疗个人账户在医保制度中的功能和影响一直存在争议。本文通过对葫芦岛、苏州、福州等地的调研,分析我国医疗个人账户的实际作用以及缺陷,希望为未来的政策调整提供依据。     

医保账户:“管”“放”须有度

医疗保险个人账户是医疗保险经办机构根据医疗保险政策的有关规定,为每位参保职工设立的一种专用账户。其构成来源于两部分,一部分是参保职工个人缴纳的医疗保险费的全部,另一部分是由用人单位缴纳的医疗保险费中划入一部分构成。医疗保险个人账户归个人所有,主要用于支付门诊或住院医疗费用中个人负担部分,由个人按有关规定支配使用。有人说医疗保险个人账户是职工的“私房钱”,不必去管。这种说法带有片面性,是不对的。基本医疗保险实行统筹基金和个人账户相结合,是一个完整的新机制,两者既相对独立,又密切联系,互相补充,个人…     

我国基本医疗保险受益资格研究

目前,我国一些地区在制定基本医疗保险政策和措施时,要求劳动者必须履行较长的医疗保险缴费年限,退休后才能获得基本医疗保险制度的保障;如果履行缴纳医疗保险费的期限过短,其退休时只能一次性结清个人账户积累的资金,不能获得基本医疗保险制度的保障.笔者认为,这样的规定弊大于利,不利于保护弱势群体的利益,必须对这样的政策规定加以完善.     

淮北市城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户适用范围解析

国务院、省人社厅原则上规定了城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户适用范围,安徽省城镇职工基本医疗保险仍停留在地市级统筹层次,地市级人社部门有权结合统筹地区个人账户收支、职工医疗消费倾向等具体情况就个人账户适用范围做相应调整.笔者结合淮北市城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户收支实际,分析了当前淮北市个人账户适用范围较窄、资金结余过大带来的负面效应,并借鉴皖南两地市先进经验,有针对性地提出了对策建议.     

我国城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户的制度设计

我国城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户自建立以来一直饱受争议。本文从制度设计角度入手,运用经济学原理对城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户进行深入分析,认为存在个人账户存在需求方控制医疗费用的设想难以实现、筹资不公平、统账比例确定方法不科学、基金在银行计息方法下保值增值困难等问题。为了更好发挥城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户的效用,本文提出加强对医疗市场供给方的管理和约束、合理确定个人账户的缴费比例、适当扩大个人账户的支付范围、向家庭账户过渡等合理化建议。     

医保个人账户支付第二类疫苗政策探讨

医保个人账户的改革路径是近年来城镇职工基本医疗保险讨论的焦点问题之一。针对医保个人账户结余过多和第二类疫苗需求日益加大的矛盾,部分地区实施医保个人账户支付第二类疫苗的政策,通过梳理相关理论与地区实践经验,探讨医保个人账户支付第二类疫苗的关键点和实施建议,为有条件的地区提供借鉴。     

我国现行医疗保险个人账户的必要性及其完善

随着改革开放进程的逐步深入、社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立，传统的医疗保险制度已经越来越无法适应新的经济和社会发展的需要，因此，传统的公费和劳保医疗制度开始向新型体制转变。1992年，深圳率先开展了职工医疗保险制度改革，从而拉开了对我国医疗保障制度进行全局和根本性改革的序幕。中共十四届三中全会明确提出，建立社会统筹和个人账户相结合的社会医疗保险制度。1998年，国务院颁布的《关于建立城镇职工基本医疗保险制度的决定》确立了医疗保险费用由用人单位和个人共同缴纳，缴费标准由统筹地区政府根据各方面实际负担能力、经济发展水平和医疗消费水平确定并调整。分别建立社会医疗统筹基金和职工个人账户，个人缴纳的医疗保险费全部纳入个人账户，个人账户资金归个人所有。统筹基金和个人账户的资金构成和支付范围由统筹地区政府确定。     

淮北市城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户适用范围解析

国务院、省人社厅原则上规定了城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户适用范围，安徽省城镇职工基本医疗保险仍停留在地市级统筹层次，地市级人社部门有权结合统筹地区个人账户收支、职工医疗消费倾向等具体情况就个人账户适用范围做相应调整。笔者结合淮北市城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户收支实际，分析了当前淮北市个人账户适用范围较窄、资金结余过大带来的负面效应，并借鉴皖南两地市先进经验，有针对性地提出了对策建议。     

城镇职工医保个人账户应保留还是取消——基于部分地区医保个人账户抽样调查数据的分析

本文通过梳理我国医保个人账户的发展历程,利用全国医保个人账户抽样调查数据,深入剖析我国医保个人账户起到的积极作用和存在的问题,结合我国医疗体制改革的现状和未来方向,阐述医保个人账户对医疗卫生资源配置公平和效率的影响,从而提出应逐步取消医保个人账户,将其所属的城镇职工基本医疗保险和城镇居民基本医疗保险、新型农村合作医疗合并的必要性和可行性。     

城镇职工基本医疗保险个人账户去留分析

当前城镇职工基本医疗保险存在统筹基金收不抵支、个人账户基金大量结余等问题.为了维持城镇职工基本医疗保险的可持续发展,人们开始关注职工医保的个人账户.本研究系统梳理了关于个人账户去留及其功能调整的不同观点,在对个人账户去留的各种潜在风险分析的基础上,建议保留个人账户,并提出调整和完善个人账户的建议.     

城镇职工基本医疗保险下的医疗支出研究——不可忽视的持续性特征

文章利用2005-2007年江苏省昆山市城镇职工医疗保险数据,通过四部分模型研究基本医疗保险下的居民医疗支出持续性特征。研究发现,居民医疗支出持续性特征相当明显,如将其忽略会使其他变量存在估计偏误,其中对年龄的影响最大。持续性特征表现为:t-1期和t-2期的医疗支出对t期就诊或住院概率表现出不同的信号功能,t-1期的医疗支出对t期门诊或住院医疗支出的持续性效果是t-2期的6-7倍。对持续性特征的深入研究将为医疗保险制度改革提供实证依据。     

新型农村合作医疗的福利效应分析:微观数据的证据

利用2000年和2006年的中国健康与营养调查(CHNS)数据和倍差方法, 以参合农民为作用组, 非参合农民为对照组, 对新型农村合作医疗政策的福利效应作了实证分析。新型农村合作医疗政策增加了医疗服务利用;但新型农村合作医疗政策对净医疗费用(扣除合作医疗补偿后的费用)没有影响。     

THE EFFECTS OF ENDOGENOUS MARKET ENTRY OF PHYSICIAN‐OWNED HOSPITALS ON MEDICARE EXPENDITURES: AN INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES APPROACH

This study examines the effect of physician‐owned hospitals (POHs) on Medicare per enrollee expenditures at the metropolitan area (MSA) level nationwide, spanning the 8‐year time period from 1998 to 2005. The study uses fixed effects panel data estimation with instrumental variables to account for the bias introduced by endogenous POH market entry (i.e., POHs may be more likely to open in high‐growth/high‐demand markets with high levels of Medicare per enrollee expenditures). After controlling for other variables that are likely to affect expenditures (especially the age and sex distribution of the MSA), we find no association between POH presence and Medicare expenditures per enrollee at the MSA level. The results are robust to changes in model specification, estimation technique, and definition of geographic market. These findings suggest that the “demand inducement” aspects of physician ownership of acute care hospitals (if any) have no meaningful impact on market‐level Medicare expenditures per enrollee. Current policies based on an assumption that POHs are associated with significant increases in total expenditures may need to be reassessed. (JEL I11, L10, C33)     

Chronic Diseases, Labor Supply and Medical Expenditure at Older Age: Evidence from China

China has undergone a rapid epidemiological transition from infectious diseases to chronic diseases. Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this paper documents the profile of chronic diseases among older Chinese people, estimates the impact of the onset of chronic diseases on the labor supply, and examines the correlation between the prevalence of chronic diseases, a household’s medical expenditure and the role of health insurance in reducing medical costs. Empirical results show that the prevalence of chronic diseases is extremely high among older Chinese people and increases sharply with age. We find significant negative effects from the onset of chronic diseases on an individual’s livelihood at work. The estimation results by age and education suggest that the labor supply of the older and more highly educated people is more sensitive to the onset of chronic diseases. We also show that there can be a substantial indirect loss of individual and household income due to the onset of chronic diseases by limiting the labor supply. We find that the prevalence of chronic diseases is significantly associated with higher out-of-pocket medical expenditure. The reduced-form estimation results suggest that people with insurance have lower medical expenditure caused by minor chronic diseases, but this is only the case for women and urban residents. However, health insurance contributes little in reducing medical expenditure caused by major chronic diseases.     

#br# 药交所试点背景下人均医疗费用的影响因素研究

本文采用固定效应模型建立人均医疗费用影响因素的一般模型，并通过引入药交所虚拟变量和考察医生收入的中介效应进一步阐释该模型。研究结果表明，诱导需求与医院规模对人均医疗费用均有显著影响；药交所政策降低了人均医疗费用，但医生收入中介效应的存在使得部分医疗资源被浪费。本文提出了控制人均医疗费用的政策建议：增加医院与卫生院的数量；合理调整医务工作者内部结构；倡导医生自由执业并提供保障；合理增加医生收入。     

Uncertain Medical Expenses and Precautionary Saving Near the End of the Life Cycle

This paper introduces a dynamic, structural model of household consumption decisions in which elderly families consider the effects of uncertain future medical expenses when deciding current levels of consumption. The model with uncertain medical expenses implies a potentially important role for precautionary saving incentives to explain slow rates of dissaving among elderly Americans during retirement. Rather than just simulating the stochastic dynamic model, preference parameters are estimated using panel data on health, wealth and expenditures for retired families. The health uncertainty model predicts consumption levels closer to observed expenditures than a life cycle model with uncertain longevity. However, elderly families typically dissave their financial assets more slowly than even the baseline health uncertainty model predicts is optimal.     

深化医疗保险改革完善医疗保障体系

改革与完善医疗保障体系是中国建设社会主义和谐社会的客观要求和必然趋势。基本医疗保险是社会保险体系中的重要组成部分。但目前的医疗保险市场仍然存在着不合理的地方,亟待进一步的改革和完善。在分析中国医疗保险改革的历史沿革、现状与存在的焦点性问题的基础之上,有针对性地提出了若干改革建议。     

Public provision of health insurance and aggregate saving in an overlapping generations model with endogenous health risk: The South Korean case

This paper examines the effect of expanding public health insurance in South Korea on medical expenditures and aggregate saving using an overlapping generations model with endogenous health risk. South Korea had a substantial underinsured population, which is aging rapidly. Higher public health insurance benefits reduce individual medical expenditure and health risks but lead to a modest decline in individual and aggregate saving. Even after the expansion, the medical care coverage remains incomplete, and the elderly face a substantial risk of out-of-pocket medical expenditures.     

农村贫困人口医疗救助的国际经验借鉴与启示

完善的法制、严格的资格审查、提供可及的医疗服务和筹集充足的资金是国际农村贫困人口医疗救助的一些成功经验。这些经验对我们的启发是：充足的救助资金是基础，准确地筛选救助对象是关键。完善的法制是保障，医疗服务的可及性是核心，落实政府责任是前提。     

从非正式医疗机构视角构建新型农村合作医疗网

改革开放以来,农村集体经济的崩溃,原有的农村医疗保健体系失去了生存的经济基础,各种非正式医疗机构"突现"于新经济体制之中,并形成独特的优势.基于对农村非正式医疗机构演化优势的分析,文章认为应充分考虑将农村非正式医疗机构纳入新型合作医疗制度框架之内,以节约其网络构建成本.