R&D in the People's Republic of China

Since her founding in 1949, China has gone a long way in formulating her own R&D structure and policy. There are successful stories and painful lessons as well. In this paper the author intends to examine the evolution of the Chinese R&D structure and policy; the pros and cons with this structure and policy. And finally how China is at present reforming the structure and policy, and why she is doing so.
Structure and policy are two of the key factors that affect the effectiveness of R&D. With appropriate structure and policy, R&D will not only advance the state of art of science and technology, but also contribute a great deal to the progress of the society and the prosperity of the nation's economy. Therefore, the main theme of the paper will be concentrated on how China could reform her R&D structure and policy so that R&D can play a bigger role in building up China's economy and modernization.     

Perceptions of United Kingdom exporters in transferring technology into the People's Republic of China

The objective of this study was to identify for UK firms active in transferring technology into the PRC, their perceptions of the market and their clients. The research was progressed by questionnaire and interview. The companies approached were selected on the basis of contracts listed in Chinese government publications and the financial press.
The main findings relate to the lack of awareness in the UK of the role of the Chinese research institutes, the poor quality of Chinese management, the inadequacy of infrastructure and training needed to support the new technology and the absence of problems arising from cultural differences or leakage of proprietary information. The Chinese are eager to obtain new technology although there is some difficulty in identifying suppliers.     

Resolving ethical conflicts at workthrough cooperative goals and constructive controversy in the People's Republic of China

The idea of constructive controversy and the theory of cooperation and competition together suggest the type of interaction that promotes satisfactory resolution of ethical conflicts and the conditions under which this occurs. A sample of 101 Chinese mainland employees described and rated a critical incident of an ethical conflict at work. Structural equation analyses indicated that when the employees had goals that were cooperatively related with those of other stakeholders in the conflict, rather than competitive or independent goals, this facilitated constructive controversy, i.e., open-minded discussion, which, in turn, led to effective outcomes in terms of substantive ethical impact and interactional justice. Results also indicated that high levels of moral intensity strengthened competitive goals and rendered constructive controversy less likely. Implications are that organizations should make it clear to members that conflict avoidance and moral muteness are inappropriate responses to ethically unsound practices and policies, that it is important to detect ethically questionable behaviours or policies at an early stage, and that wherever possible these should be discussed promptly, before an uncomfortably high level of moral intensity is reached. Constructive controversy is suggested as a process through which corporate codes of conduct may be developed.     

解析传媒对服饰流行的导向作用

本文主要研究传媒对服饰流行的影响。具体分析时尚杂志对服饰流行的导向作用,以及畅销书籍、热播影视作品、明星穿着打扮、流行音乐、外来文化及个人审美对服饰流行的影响。进一步阐明了这些因素与服饰流行之间的内在联系。     

The Dimensions of Industrial New Product Success and Failure in State Enterprises in the People's Republic of China

Michael Song and Mark Parry examine the dimensions of new product success and failure in state enterprises in the People's Republic of China by conducting a principal components analysis of 77 statements developed by Cooper that describe possible characteristics of a new product. Their analysis yielded 16 significant components. Next, stepwise discriminant analysis determined which dimensions were significantly correlated with project success and failure. Six dimensions emerged as significant correlates of success in the initial discriminant analysis and in 30 split-half replications. These six dimensions concerned the product selection criteria of market potential, competitive intensity, relative product advantage, and fit with the technical and production capabilities of the enterprise. The findings have implications for enterprise managers, state authorities, and foreign partners in Chinese joint ventures.     

Subcultures in Greater China: A Comparison of Managerial Values in the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan

Managerial values in the three regions that form Greater China — Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the People's Republic of China (PRC) — were compared. It is posited that in addition to Confucian philosophy, political and economic systems also have significant effects on the values of Chinese managers. Results show that despite the economic integration in Greater China, managerial values have yet to be unified. Managers in Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the PRC are convergent in collectivism and uncertainty avoidance. On the other hand, managers in the PRC demonstrated higher power distance and less concern about deadlines and plans than in managers Hong Kong and Taiwan. Materialism is also greater in the PRC and Hong Kong than in Taiwan.     

低成本战略和新世纪中国石化工业的风险规避

随着亚太地区正逐渐成为新的全球能源消费中心，我国炼油、石化企业有较大的发展，我国的石油资源供需缺口和对外依存度正在逐年上升，由此带来的资源风险也在逐年提高。文章通过对国际油价变化的市场和政治因素的分析，提出了21世纪的中国石化工业在石油资源、能源消耗、氢资源利用以及资产投资等方面需要采取的低成本战略，以规避石化行业各种风险的到来，保障我国石化工业以致整个国民经济的健康发展。     

分享昨天期待明天--记"建国55周年石油经济座谈会"

9月29日,为庆祝建国55周年,本刊编辑部邀请部分石油经济界的老领导、老专家在京召开了“建国55周年石油经济座谈会”。回顾55年来我国石油工业所走过的光辉历程和石油经济领域发生的重大变化,老前辈们感慨良多。追忆过去的火红岁月,石油人战天斗地拿下一个个大油田的一幕幕场景似乎就发生在昨天,而“有条件上,没有条件创造条件也要上”的石油精神已代代相传,为石油行业的长期发展奠定了根基。55年来,石油工业随着整个国民经济的发展,逐步从计划经济体制转向市场经济体制,     

Profitability, Ownership Structure and Technical Efficiency of Enterprises in the People's Republic of China: A Case of Manufacturing Industries in Shanghai

This paper studies the relationship between accounting profits and technical efficiency of manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai during the period 1989–1992 and examines which factors affect the profitability of manufacturing enterprises. We first estimate the average technical efficiency of four major manufacturing industries in Shanghai. Then, we test for the presence of ownership effects of technical efficiency on profits of those enterprises in these four industries.     

An examination of the foreign market knowledge of exporting firms based in the People's Republic of China: Its determinants and effect on export intensity

Although the critical role of knowledge in generating organizational advantage has been increasingly recognized in the strategic management field, there is little research examining firm-specific foreign knowledge, the construct itself, its determinants, and impact on export performance. This study seeks to extend the foreign market knowledge literature in three ways. First, the current study develops a conceptual model of determinants of foreign market knowledge, based on the social capital theory. It explains how structural and relational social capital affects the creation of foreign market knowledge. Second, this study substantiates the theoretical link between foreign market knowledge and export intensity, which has been put forward by the internationalization process model with empirical evidence. Third, to expand the generalizability of the present foreign market knowledge model, this study tests the model using firms from different industrial types and product categories in a newly developing country, that is, the People's Republic of China.     

Differences in managerial discretion across countries: how nation‐level institutions affect the degree to which ceos matter

The concept of managerial discretion provides a theoretical fulcrum for resolving the debate about whether chief executive officers (CEOs) have much influence over company outcomes. In this paper, we operationalize and further develop the construct of managerial discretion at the national level. In an empirical examination of 15 countries, we find that certain informal and formal national institutions—individualism, tolerance of uncertainty, cultural looseness, dispersed firm ownership, a common‐law legal origin, and employer flexibility—are associated with the degree of managerial discretion available to CEOs of public firms in a country. In turn, we show that country‐level managerial discretion is associated with how much impact CEOs have on the performance of their firms. We also find that discretion mediates the relationship between national institutions and CEO effects on firm performance. Finally, we discuss two inductively derived institutional themes: autonomy orientation and risk orientation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Corporate reputation in the People’s Republic of China: A B2B perspective

How B2B firms in the People's Republic of China [PRC] view, value and manage their corporate reputation has received little research attention. Drawing on multiple case studies, our findings confirm that firms are utilizing certain Western conceptualizations of corporate reputation, including the leveraging of intangible forms of corporate reputation. However, many of the firms were also using the hitherto underemphasized elements of firm-government relationships and government regulatory policies to create positive assessments of a firm's reputation among key stakeholders. Notwithstanding our findings that corporate reputation is valued as a means of gaining competitive advantage and dispelling perceptions that Chinese products/services are low-cost and low-quality, concern remains that building reputation capital among stakeholders may result in a loss of price competitiveness. Finally, unlike the framework proposed by Barnett, Jermier, and Lafferty (2006), our results suggest that B2B firms in China do not impose clear boundaries between reputation and ‘corporate reputation capital’. Nor does there appear to be an emphasis on disaggregating the constructs of identify and image from that of reputation.     

Feeling trusted by business leaders in China: Antecedents and the mediating role of value congruence

This paper examines the antecedents of felt trust, an under-explored area in the trust literature. We hypothesized that subordinates’ felt trust would relate positively with their leaders’ moral leadership behaviors and negatively with autocratic leadership behaviors and demographic differences between leaders and themselves. We also hypothesized the above relationships to be mediated by the leader-member value congruence. Results supported our hypotheses that value congruence mediated between autocratic leadership behaviors and demographic differences and subordinates’ felt trust, but not moral leadership behaviors, which had direct effects on subordinates’ perception of feeling trusted. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

我国中部六省文化产业发展绩效评价与研究

在我国文化产业蓬勃发展的背景下,中部六省也正在依托其丰富的文化资源打造强势的文化产业,为中部崛起提供强大的精神支持与经济动力。本文首先从文化产业的投入和产出两个角度分别考察了中部六省文化产业的发展水平,然后利用数据包络技术对中部六省文化产业发展绩效进行综合评价,并运用结构方程模型模拟了文化产业的投入一产出作用路径,最后结合研究结论就提升中部六省文化产业的发展绩效进行了思考和探讨。     

成功的市场进驻策略是决定市场地位的关键——宝洁公司在中国的市场进驻成功个案

美国宝洁公司在中国改革开放之际,敏锐地察觉到中国市场的巨大潜力,向中国日用品市场进驻。在多元品牌政策和差异性市场策略的总体策略指引下,宝洁公司充分考虑中国经济,政治,文化背景,以中国东西部经济差距,城乡消费者需求差异,中国消费者对传统文化的要求和可持续发展为基础,开发具有中国传统品味的高科技环保产品,建立特殊的分销体系,建立了在中国市场的首席地位。同时,宝洁公司以遵守中国法律,履行社会责任和道德准则为己任,与当地政府配合,协助开展文化和经济辅导活动,保护生态环境与自然资源,在消费者心目中建立了良好的企业形象,为进一步发展提供了有利基础,达到了双赢的目的。     

自主创新与创新政策研究的新进展——中国工业经济学会2006年年会学术观点综述

本文对中国工业经济学会2006年年会暨自主创新与创新政策研讨会的主要学术观点进行了综述，涉及创新理论、技术创新、企业组织与创新、产业组织与创新、区域经济发展与创新、创新政策研究、创新案例研究等前沿内容．反映了当前产业经济学研究中关于自主创新与创新政策的新进展。     

我国股份制企业完善构建经理人约束机制的对策研究

由于资本的两权分离,出资者与经营者分立,双方的信息不对称,各自追求的目标存在着矛盾.在出资者与经营者的委托代理关系中,委托人必须对受托人进行有效的约束,才能真正规范执行委托代理契约.本文从股份公司内部约束机制和外部约束机制两方面阐明了构建内部控制系统和外部控制系统的措施.     

世界核电发展及对我国的启示

介绍了我国核电装机、核电技术、核电政策等方面的发展情况;未来我国广阔的核电发展空间及形势;世界核电装机发展、主要国家核电装机、核电技术进步等情况。总结了世界核电发展的经验及对我国的启示：高度重视核电安全、制定科学合理的发展战略及加强核电技术标准化建设。     

人民币升值影响我国企业竞争力实证研究

2005年7月汇率改革以来,人民币持续升值,对我国外向型企业的进出口有较大影响。尤其是对作为国民经济支柱产业的汽车行业影响深远,而汽车零部件的进出口额远远多于汽车整车,因此本文选择41家汽车零部件上市公司作为研究对象,通过对相关的面板数据进行检验和回归分析,从而研究人民币升值对于企业竞争力的影响。研究结论表明,人民币升值对企业盈利能力以及营运能力有显著正影响,而对企业成长能力没有显著影响。