基于农地流转的农户规模经营绩效影响因素实证研究 ——以新疆玛纳斯县为例

土地是民生之根本,是农业生产的基本生产资料,也是农民最重要的社会保障。农户规模经营绩 效的高低对农产品产量和农户收入产生直接的影响,因而对农户规模经营绩效影响因素的探讨显得尤为重 要。以新疆天山北坡经济带上经济发展最为活跃的玛纳斯县为例,对其327户农户进行入户调查,选取土 地产出率和劳动生产率 ① 两个指标来表征农户规模经营绩效,运用多元线性回归计量模型对农户规模经营 绩效影响因素进行了实证分析。结果表明:在影响农户土地产出率层面,土地细碎化程度、家庭耕地总面 积、家庭总收入、滴灌面积占总面积比例和转出土地行为均在1%的置信水平上显著。在影响农户劳动生 产率层面,家庭总收入、转入土地行为和农业劳动力人数在1%的置信水平上显著,土地细碎化程度和农 户对农业经营风险认知在5%水平上显著,非农业劳动力人数和户主受教育年限在10%的水平上通过了模 型的显著性检验。     

高标准农田建设如何影响农地流转

研究目的：基于28个省（市、自治区）的面板数据，探索高标准农田建设对农地流转的影响及其可能机制。研究方法：描述性分析、双向固定效应面板模型。研究结果：（1）高标准农田建设能显著促进农地流转，稳健性检验也证实上述研究结果可信；（2）机制验证表明，高标准农田建设会通过提升农业经营效益、降低农业经营风险和匹配农业技术进步促进农地流转；（3）基于自然地理、生产定位和经济发展的异质性分析发现，高标准农田建设对地形起伏度相对较小区域、粮食主产区和经济较发达地区的农地流转促进效果更好。研究结论：为有效激活农地流转，应稳步推进新一轮高标准农田建设并根据区域差异进行精准施策，同时重视提升经营收益、防控风险和技术进步在实现规模经营中的积极作用。     

我国农地流转的若干思考

农地流转制度与农地所有权制度、经营权制度一起构成了农地制度的重要内容。其中农地流转制度异常重要 ,它是农地所有权、经营权得以实现的途径和真实体现 ,也是整个农地制度健康合理富有活力的重要保证。市场经济要求生产要素自由流动 ,实现最优组合。农地是一种生产要素 ,因此也必须进入市场 ,自由流动。只有流动 ,才能使农地与种田能手达到最佳组合 ,才能使农地由过于分散走向相对集中 ,产生规模效益。农地流转是农业规模经营不可或缺的奠基工程。本文拟对农地流转进行国际考察 ,并对我国理论界的农地流转模式进行比较、评析 ,以此为基础…     

农地流转影响因素的研究综述

本文基于制度经济学的视角,对现有关于农地流转意愿影响因素的研究进行了梳理,分为农地产权稳定性与完整性、农地流转交易费用、农地流转机会成本以及农户家庭特征四个方面来阐述。并对租入与租出农户差异以及农地流转合约安排的文献进行了综述。     

农业效益与农地流转

农地流转是解决我国当前＂三农问题＂的重要途径,然而当前农地流转进程缓慢,其中原因是多方面的。本文从流转主体角度,分析农业效益对农地流转中的农民、政府和农业企业行为的影响,认为农业效益低不仅是农地流转的推动因素,也是农地流转的阻碍因素。最后对改善农业效益促进农地流转提出建议。     

农地流转履约环境对规模经营发展的影响研究

研究目的：利用黑龙江、河南、浙江、四川4省的村庄层面与农户层面调查数据，探讨农地流转、履约环境对农地规模经营程度及稳定性的影响与机制。研究方法：描述性分析、固定效应模型、二元选择模型和Tobit模型。研究结果：（1）良好的履约环境能够强化农地流转市场发育对农地规模经营的促进作用。（2）履约环境更优的村庄农地规模户减小或退出经营的概率显著更低，且规模户经营农地面积减少比例也更小。研究结论：良好的履约环境是促进农地规模经营发展和保障其稳定性的重要条件。构建与维护良好市场秩序，加强乡村治理中的法制教育与宣传，规范要素市场交易行为以形成良好履约环境，对于保障农民农地权益和提升市场资源配置效率具有重要意义。     

农地流转对土地生产率影响的对比分析

本文通过实际数据检验了当前农地流转对土地生产率的影响,对比分析了浙江和甘肃两省的结果.研究发现,在农地流转市场发育程度较高的浙江省,农地流转明显地提高了土地生产率,而在发育程度相对较低的甘肃省,农地流转效果不明显.因此,农地流转效果的发挥依赖于农地流转市场的发育程度,流转市场发育程度高,农地流转提高土地生产率的效果明显...     

辽宁省灯塔市农地使用权流转问题探讨

我国《宪法》、《土地管理法》都规定农村的农用土地归集体所有,并且规定集体所有的“土地使用权可以依法有偿转让”。但是,至今仍没有制定出具体的转让办法,这使现实中的农地使用权流转（以下简称为农地流转）显得困难。因此,研究农地流转中存在的问题,探讨农地流转...     

我国农地规模化流转模式简要评价及政策建议

本文将中国农地规模化流转模式归纳为业主租地,农地股份合作、农地返租和农地入股等四种主要模式,并对其优点和不足进行了综合评价,简要分析了它们的适用条件.最后,针对我国土地产权制度缺陷、社保制度不健全以及农地流转不畅等问题,建议从四个方面入手对现行制度进行完善.     

农地休耕背景下农地流转行为对收入的影响机理研究——以贵州省M市为例

本文基于对2017—2019年贵州省M市休耕试点参与农地休耕的400名农户入户调研数据,以贵州省石漠化严重地区休耕试点农户作为研究对象,采用分类统计对比法对农地休耕期间农户发生土地流转（转入/转出/无流转）行为进行研究,并进一步探究不同的流转行为对休耕农户家庭的增收效应。研究发现,休耕期间发生农地流转行为确实有促进农户增收的现象。本文通过对不同参与休耕主体休耕期间选择的农地流转行为进行分类分析,希望能够有针对性地解决存在的现实问题。     

浅议农用地分等成果在第二次土地调查中的应用

将农用地分等成果应用到第二次土地调查中,可对土地条件调查进行探索;土地数量与土地质量信息的结合,为土地利用总体规划修编、基本农田划定、占补平衡管理、土地开发整理规划、土地整理项目后评价等提供技术支持,进而实现土地数量与质量管理并重.     

The effect of land use regulations on farmland protection and non‐agricultural land conversions in China

This paper examines the effect of the Prime Farmland Protection Regulation in protecting high quality farmland from urban development and the subsequent effect on non‐farmland conversion in China in the first decade after the Regulation came into effect (1995‐2005). The empirical evaluation is conducted with geo‐referenced panel data for the entire country. Results indicate that the rate of farmland conversion was reduced during 1995‐2000. About two‐fifths of the reduction results from the protection of farmland with high grain productivity. There is no evidence of the effectiveness of the Regulation in protecting farmland during the period 2000–2005, regardless of land quantity or quality. Farmland development was accompanied by a reduction in forests and grasslands during the period from 1995 through to 2005.     

A scale invariant model for the expansion of agricultural land and government spending on the agricultural sector

The expansion dynamics of the agricultural surface is a complex process, since it requires decisions among different actors under a multitude of socioeconomic and natural conditions, expectations, and risks. This paper shows that despite this complexity, and at odds with the intuition, the density of agricultural lands and the government spending to foster agriculture around a human settlement displays a simple power-law relationship regarding the distance to such a settlement. The theoretical proof of this relationship is based on theoretical and empirical findings made by several authors on the expansion of population centers, river networks, species and ecosystem’s distribution. The empirical proof is made by fitting a simple power-law model having as response variables: density of agricultural land; government spending coverage, and government spending per unit of agricultural surface, while the distance to the centroid settlement is used as independent variable. Results show that the scaling exponents of the power-law relationship estimated from those models, with data from rural settlements in Mexico, are similar statistically to the expected values from theoretical models for the three expansion processes tested. Three applications of the scale-invariant attribute characterizing the expansion process of agricultural lands are presented:

• i)monitoring agricultural activities at the territories;
• ii)a proxy to estimate the expected growth of the agricultural surface; and
• iii)a typology to characterize government assistance at local level.

     

Rural school access and the agricultural transformation

Improving children's access to primary and secondary education is a strategic goal for many global development agencies and government policymakers. Nevertheless, there is relatively little research examining how changes in rural school supply affect future labor markets. We leverage variation in the timing and location of secondary school construction in Southern Mexico to identify the effects of school supply on labor outcomes. We find that school construction increases expected education for school-aged children by about 4 years and raises the share of years working in the nonagricultural sector between the ages of 18–22 by 29.8 percentage points. The magnitude of the effects on share of years doing nonagricultural work is smaller for individuals from homes where an indigenous language is spoken. Our findings indicate that rural school construction in less-developed countries can accelerate the transformation from agricultural to nonagricultural economies, but there may be heterogeneous effects across socioeconomic groups and ethnicities.     

Economic evaluation of agricultural land to assess land use changes

Land-use models express the relationship between various driving forces of land-use changes and are increasingly employed in practical applications to predict possible future land uses. The relationship between the agricultural land market and land-use changes is often neglected in such models. The objective of this study is to assess the production values of agricultural land to be integrated in an operational land-use model with the aim to improve understanding of land-use changes in all 28 European Union countries. This economic evaluation of agricultural land is based on the Net Present Value (NPV) method, a method that aims at uncovering the operational production values of land rather than real estate market value. The scientific relevance of this work is the development of a comprehensive methodology for the economic evaluation of agricultural land uses in different EU countries, the integration of economic production values of land to the local suitability approach in the studied land-use model and the provision of a EU-wide database of the NPVs of agricultural land uses, including various energy crops.     

农地发展权的设定及评估

随着我国经济的快速发展,土地供需矛盾已为各方所关注。近几年来,建设项目每年占用耕地300万亩左右,保护耕地、保护农民权益已成为关系国民经济可持续发展的重要问题。如何建立保护耕地、保护农民权益的长效机制?作者认为必须完善土地产权制度,尤其要设定农地发展权。     

The effect of land tenure on agricultural extension work in some villages of the East Central State of Nigeria

Abstract

Survey data on expected and actual prices received by individual vegetable growers in Florida, Michigan, and Texas in 1990 are used to test the rational expectations hypothesis. The use of individual grower data overcomes many of the aggregation, risk premia and model specification issues that have limited previous tests of this hypothesis in agriculture. Overall, price expectations of vegetable growers are found to be inconsistent with the rational expectations hypothesis for the majority of vegetable/state combinations studied.     

河北省农业土地资源持续利用研究

分析了河北省农业土地资源利用中存在的主要问题及其成因．提出了农业土地资源持续利用的对策和措施。     

Impact of land fragmentation and non-agricultural labor supply on circulation of agricultural land management rights

This study quantitatively examines the effects of land fragmentation and non-agricultural labor supply on the circulation of agricultural land management rights. The examination is conducted from the perspective of labor heterogeneity and family joint decision-making, using the rural fixed observation point data from the Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China. The results reveal that land fragmentation significantly affects circulation decisions of agricultural land circulation. Land fragmentation strengthens the effect of non-agricultural labor supply on agricultural land outflow, and this effect is more pronounced among females. Compared with males, the female non-agricultural labor supply has a greater effect on agricultural land circulation. When non-agricultural labor supply increases, the effect of the female non-agricultural labor supply on agricultural land circulation becomes significant, land outflows increase, and land inflows decrease. In the areas of eastern, central, and northeastern China, the female non-agricultural labor supply has a significant impact on agricultural land outflow. Furthermore, the number of land plots strengthens the effect of the non-agricultural labor supply on the outflows of agricultural land in eastern and northeastern China; this effect is more pronounced for females in northeastern China. The government and related departments should strengthen non-agricultural employment training, and design conditions and policies to promote the orderly transfer of household labor, thus achieving intense agricultural development in the process of human urbanization.     

Effects of land lease policy on changes in land use,mechanization and agricultural pollution

Land fragmentation has restrained the development of Chinese agriculture with the application of agricultural machinery. Meanwhile, agricultural pollution has caused serious problems with development. To address these problems, China's government proposed a new farmland lease policy and built larger farms beginning in 2013. However, changes in land fragmentation may also have unexpected problems for Chinese agriculture. This study investigated the effects of these changes on changes in land use, the application of machinery and agricultural pollution. We analyzed a developed area (in the fields of both agriculture and industry) and studied the decision-making habits of farmers in the area. An agent-based model was proposed with the same decision-making habits as in the real world. The results indicated that land lease increased agricultural profits very little in Jiangsu, China. Meanwhile, the application of land lease policy increased pollution. To alleviate pollution and increase profits, a new policy for large automatic protection machinery (i.e., large spraying machinery) should be introduced by governments simultaneous with land lease policy. Farmers could realize greater profits through the introduction of land lease policy and high-efficiency machinery. The sustainable development of agriculture in Jiangsu requires the integration of these government policies.