分销商存贮费信息不对称下的供应链合作契约设计

信息不对称是在供应链合作中普遍存在的现象,也是合作契约设计中的难点之一。针对一个由一个供应商和一个分销商组成的二级供应链系统,当系统面对单品种的确定性外部需求时,首先给出了能够激励自私的供应链成员实现供应链联合最优的合作契约;然后在分销商存贮费为不对称信息的情况下,分析了上述契约的局限性,并运用激励理论,提出激励供应链成员诚实申报信息的契约,实现了供应链系统的联合最优化。     

供应链库存的形成原因及解决对策

在供应链管理过程中,库存管理是一项十分重要的内容。文章分析了供应链库存形成的原因,其主要来源于两个不确定:一个是制造商生产系统的不确定,另一个则是供应链成员之间以及其外部环境的不确定。解决办法包括必须坚定地树立供应链整体观念,注意精简供应链的结构,有效地集成供应链各个环节,建立供应链契约以此改变供应链的博弈结构来改善供应链的性能。     

农产品供应链信息管理系统构建的研究

农产品供应链是一个复杂的、动态的和非线性的大系统,农产品供应链信息系统的构建是农产品供应链信息管理的核心。文章根据农产品供应链的通用模式,农产品信息需求,从总体上分析了农产品供应链信息管理系统构建的目标与任务,在此基础上,对其系统进行总体需求分析,确立其系统的逻辑模型,并为农产品供应链信息管理提供决策支持。     

基于零售业连锁经营的供应链柔性探析

供应链作为一个动态系统,在这个动态系统中存在着诸多不确定性因素,这些不确定因素影响着整个供应链的运转效率.因此,从客观上要求供应链具有一定的适应环境变化和处理不确定性因素的柔性能力.对于零售业中以连锁经营企业为核心的供应链存在着两个主要的不确定性因素,一个是上游的供应商一个是下游的消费者,如何评价和处理这两个不确定因素对于提高连锁经营的效率至关重要.应对不确定因素的方法可以提高连锁经营的供应链柔性,从而提高连锁经营的效率.     

不确定环境下非对称竞争供应链的纵向结构选择

构建了不确定环境下非对称竞争供应链模型,考察了两条供应链在纵向中心化、分散化及混合化结构下的绩效,分析了供应链纵向结构的动态演化过程及其均衡结果,识别了潜在市场份额、需求风险、零售商预测能力等对供应链纵向结构选择的影响。结果表明:相比制造商,供应链系统的纵向结构选择并不依赖于需求风险和零售商的预测能力;当市场份额较大时,无论是制造商还是供应链系统,绩效改进的中心化结构的稳健性得到增强。     

基于系统动力学的供应链质量机理

提出了供应链质量的概念,概括了其特点,并用系统动力学的方法模拟了两种典型的市场环境下响应时间和信息共享的组合变化对供应链质量的影响。得出以下结论:(1)在产品需求稳定的市场环境中,同时缩短供应链的响应时间且实施信息共享,可避免缺货情况的出现;单独实施信息共享比单独缩短供应链的响应时间对缺货率的影响要大;若供应链的响应时间不变且不实施信息共享,则会经常出现缺货情况;(2)在产品需求周期性变化的市场环境中,同时缩短供应链的响应时间和实施信息共享可最有效地抵制牛鞭效应的影响;单独缩短供应链的响应时间远没有单独实施信息共享对牛鞭效应的抵制作用大;若缩短供应链的响应时间且不实施信息共享,则牛鞭效应的表现最为明显。     

基于复杂系统理论的供应链适应能力研究

供应链模式的产生是其适应市场环境变化能力的体现。由于供应链系统的实体元素多,加之不确定的环境及动态变化的特点,供应链系统又是一个复杂系统。复杂系统理论为供应链管理中复杂问题的解决提供了一种非线性方法。文章在分析供应链复杂性基础上提出了供应链适应能力的概念,并对供应链适应能力的驱动力进行分析,基于复杂系统理论建立了供应链适应能力模型。     

关于供应链合同模型的一个概述

本文从市场风险的角度研究了供应链合同模型，其中着重论述了需求不确定下的供应链合同的一般模型，并在此基础上对其发展作了进一步的展望。     

供应链管理的复杂性及适应能力分析

供应链模式的产生是其适应市场环境变化能力的体现。由于供应链系统的实体元素多,加之不确定的环境及动态变化的特点,供应链系统又是一个复杂系统。复杂系统理论为供应链管理中复杂问题的解决提供了一种非线性方法。文章基于复杂系统和网络系统的理论,在分析供应链复杂性基础上提出了供应链适应能力的概念,并对供应链适应能力的驱动力进行分析和研究。     

循环经济下的混合不确定闭环供应链协调控制研究

闭环供应链管理是循环经济极其重要的环节之一。本文根据大系统理论,在正向供应链和逆向供应链的基础上建立了闭环供应链协调控制结构。针对随机参数和模糊参数同时存在的情况,建立了含有混合不确定参数的闭环供应链协调控制模型,为系统研究混合不确定闭环供应链管理提供了新的思路,丰富了不确定规划的研究内容并为供应链管理运作提供了理论参考。     

The bullwhip effect on inventory: a perspective on information quality

In recent years, there has been a vast increase in the quantity of information shared across supply chain. We investigate how the timeliness and accuracy of information quality affect the value of information sharing. We use the inventory bullwhip effect (BWE) to measure the value of information sharing in a two-level supply chain consisting of one retailer and one manufacturer. The retailer faces a price-sensitive demand and the price is an AR (1) process. Our study shows if customer demand and retailer’s immediate order are delayed, using retailer’s historical order quantity to forecast can decrease manufacturer’s BWE. If information errors happen, during delivery and utilization, information sharing is not always valuable for the manufacturer. Sometimes, no information sharing can decrease much more of BWE. If information errors occur when the retailer collects demand information, value of information sharing is more significant than when there are no information errors.     

Optimal procurement strategies by reverse auctions with stochastic demand

This paper studies a dynamic procurement problem by reverse auction for a retailer with stochastic demand. In each period, the retailer based on his inventory needs to determine a payment function (a procurement contract) according to which a number of potential suppliers compete in the reverse auction. We show the existence of the retailer's optimal payment function and find that the suppliers' Bayesian–Nash equilibrium bidding strategy is similar to the base-stock policy in the traditional multi-period inventory control problems when the retailer incurs no fixed setup cost, while similar to the (s, S) policy when the retailer incurs a fixed setup cost. This strategy is for the suppliers, instead of for the retailer, depends on the supplier's marginal cost and so is stochastic for the retailer. Thus, this paper extends well beyond traditional procurement environments studied so far in the inventory control literature.     

基于不对称需求信息的激励机制模型研究

针对由单制造商和单销售商组成的供应链,提出了供应链双方需求信息对称情况下的激励机制模型,并在此基础上建立了供应链双方在需求信息不对称情况下的运作策略模型。制造商通过折扣,运用激励相容机制使销售商诚实申报需求信息,使得供应链利润最大化的同时供应链成员实现双赢。数字试验结果表明:①所提策略是有效的;②该策略不仅能提高制造商利润,而且也能改善销售商的利润。     

Joint decision on pricing and advertising for competing retailers under emergency purchasing

This paper investigates an inventory decision problem under the pricing and advertising dependent stochastic demand, and considers a joint decision on pricing and advertising for competing retailers who operate short-life-cycle products under emergency purchasing. The results indicate that the retailer always prefers to advertise whether under a single or dual channel system. However, both the optimal prices and stocks increase, whereas customer welfare decreases.     

An Incentive Contract With Asymmetric Information

This Paper considers the problem of designing an optimal incentive contract between a retailer and a manufacturer when the former has private information about demand and its own cost. Based on a multi-period framework, we show that the incentive franchise contract can bring about the fist-best outcome of vertical integration when the retailer has complete information about consumers' preferences. [L42, D8]     

基于收益共享契约的三级供应链如何应对突发事件

本文针对一个由供应商-制造商-零售商构成的三级供应链,在考虑随机性需求基础上,探讨突发事件对三级供应链的影响,同时改进了协调供应链的收益共享契约,使之能够应对突发事件。     

低服务厌恶消费者对电商供应链决策的影响

考虑消费者在网络购物过程中对电商供应链的低劣服务存在的厌恶心理,基于前景理论,构建了消费者效用模型,分析了消费者的低服务厌恶心理对线上零售商和线下配送商的决策、电商供应链的绩效和市场需求的影响。结论如下:在分散决策情形下,消费者低服务厌恶心理的增强可以促进线下配送商提高其服务水平,促使线上零售商提高网售价格,有助于扩大市场需求和提高供应链绩效;在集中决策情形下,消费者低服务厌恶心理的增强不利于企业提高其服务水平,有助于企业降低网售价格,同时导致市场需求萎缩和供应链绩效下滑。     

Integrating dynamic pricing and inventory control for fresh‐agri product under consumer choice

In this article, we investigate a joint pricing and inventory problem for a retailer selling fresh‐agri products (FAPs) with two‐period shelf lifetime in a dynamic stochastic setting, where new and old FAPs are on sale simultaneously. At the beginning of each period, the retailer makes ordering decision for new FAP and sets regular and discount prices for new and old inventories, respectively. After demand realisation, the expired leftover is disposed and unexpired inventory is carried to the next period, for continuing selling. Unmet demand of all FAPs is backordered. The objective is to maximise the total expected discount profit over the whole planning horizon. We present a price dependent, stochastic dynamic programming model taking into account zero lead‐time, linear ordering costs, inventory holding and backlogging costs, as well as disposal cost. As the influence of the perishability, each customer selects his preferred choice based on the utility of product price and quality. By the way of constructing demand rate vector, the original formulation can be transferred to be jointly concave and tractable. Finally, we characterise the optimal policy and develop effective methods to solve the problem. We also conduct numerical studies to further characterise the optimal policy, and to evaluate the loss of efficiency under static policies when compared to the optimal dynamic policy.     

Optimal contract strategies for two stage supply chain

The present article investigates the issue of channel coordination of a manufacturer and a retailer facing stochastic demand that is sensitive to promotional effort. In newsvendor setting, the return policy, sharing contract on promotional effort, and discount on whole sales price provided by the manufacturer have been shown to be able to align incentives of the members of the chain. An analytical method has been provided to determine the optimal contract parameters of the channel. Numerical examples are also illustrated to justify the model.     

Who benefits from bilateral information exchange in a retail channel?

Retailers and their suppliers often exchange demand information, which is believed to benefit both firms and consumers. We show how such information exchange can benefit only the upstream supplier at the expense of the downstream retailer and consumers.