国际合资企业的共生模型及其稳定性分析

为发掘国际合资企业稳定性的内在机制,提高国际合资企业绩效,利用共生理论和微分稳定性理论,在构建国际合资企业共生系统的基础上,划分了国际合资企业的两种类型,并分别建立了共生模型,对其稳定性问题进行了分析,最后运用共生模型对现实生活中的国际合资企业稳定问题进行了解释。     

嵌入性网络、关系质量与国际合资企业不稳定演化

为防止国际合资企业在预期生命周期内的单方非意愿不稳定,提高国际合资企业的绩效,本文从国际合资企业的嵌入性网络出发,分析了组织间依赖关系质量对国际合资企业不稳定演化的决定机理,并构建演化模型全面剖析了组织间依赖关系质量与国际合资企业不稳定演化的动态关系,最后提出了防范国际合资企业不稳定的策略。     

战略匹配对合资企业绩效的影响研究——基于中美合资企业的实证研究

关于合资企业的研究从不同学者分别论述了合资企业的战略、组织和文化的匹配性对合资企业绩效的影响。本文通过研究合资企业在合资运营之前战略匹配对中外合资企业四类绩效指标的影响研究。研究结果发现,目标一致(战略匹配)对合资企业满意度和总体竞争力有显著影响,而资源互补(战略匹配)对合资企业绩效无显著影响。     

Management of Sino-Sino Joint Ventures

Abstract

Since China's implementation of its open-door policy in 1979, the most effective way to obtain a foothold has proved to be to create joint ventures (JV) with a Chinese business partner. The foreign partner provides the transfer of technology, management skills, financing and access to international markets, whilst the Chinese partner contributes a production base with cheap land and labor, contacts with central and local government officials and access to the domestic Chinese market. The Chinese economy has benefited to a large extent from the creation of joint ventures in the past two decades. Hong Kong firms have used China as a production base for many years, usually with great success and to the mutual benefit of both. However, although Hong Kong firms had considerable experiences in running business and manufacturing operations in China, several have suffered substantially from their investment in joint ventures with Chinese partners. This paper evaluates various issues relating to the performance of equity joint ventures in China. The evaluation is based on a case study of four Sino-Hong Kong joint venture manufacturing firms in the electronics industry, and the findings of this paper indicate that there are number of important factors affecting the stability of joint ventures in China. Foreign investors' experiences in other areas may not be applicable to their investment in China because the operation of a joint venture in China is inevitably faced with a variety of problems that the foreign firms may not have encountered before.     

中外合资企业文化差异:冲突与融合

合资企业不仅是中国利用外国资金的基本形式,也是中国引进先进技术和设备,学习国外先进管理经验的重要渠道.但是,必须看到由于中外合作双方来自不同的国家和地区,其社会政治法律制度不同,文化背景不同,由此而形成的经营理念、管理决策思维、企业行为方式等也有着很大的差异,因此在合作过程中出现管理冲突是不可避免的.正确认识中外双方的文化差异,努力搞好不同文化的融合,消除管理冲突,对促进合资企业的发展有着极为重要的意义.     

Autonomy and Effectiveness of Equity International Joint Ventures (EIJVs): An Analysis based on EIJVs in Hungary and Britain

The paper utilizes data collected from 34 equity international joint ventures (EIJVs) located in Hungary and 49 EIJVs located in Britain to examine the effects of autonomy on EIJV effectiveness. Study results suggest that for the total sample, permitting an EIJV to develop local HRM policies and to implement business plans independently contribute to EIJV effectiveness. Additionally, there is a positive correlation between EIJV age and effectiveness. When the samples are broken up, the results are consistent except that developing local HRM policies is not a significant factor with respect to EIJV effectiveness in Hungary. The paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating that autonomy is a multidimensional construct and by providing initial support for the development of a theory relating EIJV autonomy to effectiveness based on a hierarchy of autonomy measures. The paper also suggests a model of relative recommended autonomy levels for different EIJV activities.     

外商在华出资的动态博弈

根据2002年统计,合作企业和合资企业当年未按合同出资的分别占56．0％和41．4％,违约行为相当严重。本文对外商在中国的出资行为进行博弈分析,探讨违约原因,反映中方和外方在投资中的相互博弈,以加强对实际投资的科学管理。     

Joint Ventures in the U.S. Steel Industry:

A bstract . In 1958 Daniel Fusfeld examined the role of joint ventures in the U.S. steel industry and concluded that joint ventures served as a substitute for mergers forbidden by the Justice Department. Since the Fusfeld study, things have changed drastically for integrated domestic producers. Competition from imports and domestic mini- mills have forced steel firms into bankruptcies and missive plant closings. The contemporary industry's participation in joint ventures is examined in an attempt to understand steel's restructuring. Today's integrated producers jointly may hold tighter control over raw materials, participate in growing numbers of horizontal Joint ventures , and engage in numerous cooperative enterprises with foreign competitors, particularly the Japanese. Contemporary U.S. producers are becoming increasingly absorbed in the global economy.     

中国新的合资企业应记取的历史教益

随着跨国公司开始恢复与中国伙伴进行合作的兴趣,过去中外合资企业的一些经验教训值得记取。     

中国企业与外商合资的风险与防范

利用外资对我国企业的发展起着积极的促进作用,但合资过程中也存在一定风险.一些外商采取不同手段压制中国品牌的发展,挤压中国产品的市场,转移合资企业的利润,减少中方股权份额等,致使合资企业面临种种危机.为此,我国企业在与外商合资的过程中,要建立切实有效的风险防范体系.合资前要做好调研和可行性分析,实施中要充分评估自己的资源和价值,制定规范的合资合同,合资后要建立科学的经营管理机制,强化对关键环节的控制权.     

The Status of Training and Development in U.S.-People's Republic of China Joint Ventures

Abstract

A random sample of 177 U.S.-People&s Republic of China joint ventures was selected from 705 such undertakings identified. The questionnaire was based on three forms of Training Magazine&s annual survey. It was translated into Chinese, and cross-translated to insure accuracy, after validation by U.S. managers with experience in China and Chinese business experts. After many follow up efforts, a response rate of 36% was achieved. The survey revealed types of training currently offered and planned during the next two years, and the methods used. Comparisons were made with similar studies conducted in the United States and the Republic of Korea.     

如何做好中外合资企业的党建工作

随着经济社会的发展,很多外资企业都看准中国市场,大力兴办合资企业,这给党建工作带来了新的课题。加强中外合资企业的党建工作,必须狠抓党组织建设,创新党组织工作方法,创新党员教育管理理念,提高党建工作的显效性。     

Institutions and Joint Ventures in the Mid dle East and North Af rica: The Case of Jor dan

Abstract

Many Mid dle East ern and North Af ri can (MENA) coun -tries are mak ing val iant ef forts to re form their eco nomic sys tems to boost growth and liv ing stan dards. Mul ti na tional Com panies (MNCs) are generally thought to have a ma jor part to play in help ing these coun tries to de velop. The prob lems caused by gov ern men tal sys tems that placed legal and bu reau cratic ob sta cles and pro hi bi tions in the way of For eign Direct In vest ment (FDI) ac tiv i ties are un der at tack in many coun tries. The World Bank (WB) and the In ter na tional Mon e tary Fund (IMF) in sist on the adop tion of busi ness-friendly pol i cies for those coun tries that seek their aid. More over, mem ber ship of the World Trade Or ga ni za tion (WTO) also re quires coun tries to re form their gov ern men tal sys tems. The prize at the end of the pain ful re form pro cess is higher growth of ten driven by FDI ac tiv i ties. In re cent years, FDI to de vel op ing and for mer com mu nist coun tries has con sid er ably in creased. How ever, some de vel -op ing coun tries (no ta bly, Af rica and large parts of the Mid dle East) have not bene fited to the same ex tent as many Asian and Cen tral and East Euro pean coun tries. More over, MNCs have fo cused on In ter na tional Joint Ven tures (IJVs) as the main means of en ter ing these coun tries. This form of en try may not be the best method to trans fer tech nol ogy and to ob tain the best re sults of the in ter ac tion be tween MNCs and host coun tries. This pa per seeks to ex plore this is sue by use of a qual i ta tive study of IJVs in Jor dan. The pa per uses a new in stitutional eco nomic framework that high lights the im por tance of in for mal in sti tu tional sys tems for the de cision on mode of en try. The re sults of the study in di cate that MNCs in Jordan would pre fer to use fully-owned sub sid iar ies, but the char ac ter is tics of the in for mal in sti tu tional sys tem in Jor dan re sults in high trans ac tion costs that can best be re duced by the use of IJVs. Thus al though Jor dan has un der gone sig nif i cant re form to her eco nomic sys tem, the prob lems caused by the na ture of in for mal in sti tu tional sys tems have lim ited the growth of what might have been more ben e fi cial FDI. [Ar ti cle cop ie s available for a fee from The Haworth Doc u ment De liv ery Ser vice     

台商与内地企业合资因素研究

台资一直是我国内地利用外资中的一个重要组成部分,目前台湾已经成为仅次于香港．美国和日本在我国内地的第4大外资来源地;合资经营既是我国内地利用外资的主要方式之一,也是台湾对外投资的主要方式。近几年来,台商在内地投资方式中独资经营企业的比重越来越大,而合资经营企业的比重则有所下降。本文首先分析了台商与内地合资经营企业的现状,在研究了吸引台商来内地合资的各种主要因素后,针对我国内地如何进一步吸引台商合资提出了几点积极的建议。     

物流企业中母公司控制机制探讨

讨论了控制机制的主要含义,在回顾有关研究者对榨制机制类型划分的基础上,提出了整合性的控制机制类型划分方法,包括输入控制、过程控制和输出控制,以及各类方法的关键要素.根据这三类方法及其关键要素对物流企业中母公司的控制机制进行了讨论.     

桥梁伸缩缝施工工艺控制

本文将根据桥梁伸缩缝施工工艺流程,进一步明确施工中的操作要点和质量控制要求,以严格的施工控制提高桥梁伸缩缝的质量,保证桥梁整体的耐久性和舒适性。     

碳锁定驱动因素及其作用机制:基于改进PSR模型的研究

高碳产业发展的碳锁定效应对碳减排及产业低碳转型造成刚性制约,把握碳锁定的成因进而有效实现碳解锁,是实现高碳产业低碳转型的关键。基于此,构建了碳锁定效应改进PSR模型,从压力、状态、响应三个角度提炼碳锁定效应驱动因素,分析各驱动因素的作用机制。研究表明,我国大力发展工业经济的政策、以煤为主的能源结构和第二产业为重的产业结构,导致了高碳产业发展的技术—制度双重锁定,而相关利益主体对变革的阻碍又进一步强化这一状态;解除碳锁定状态,应同时从技术和制度方面入手,需要政府、企业和社会各界的共同努力。     

网络关系、资源获取与新企业国际化——四家企业的案例研究

基于社会网络理论和资源基础理论,本研究通过运用跨案例研究方法,以浙江四家新企业国际化为例,分析网络关系如何促进新企业在国际化过程中进行资源的获取。研究表明,根据网络连接的强弱与地理距离分类,新企业在国际化过程中建立的网络关系可以分为国内强连接、国内弱连接、国外强连接与国外弱连接,这四种不同类型的网络关系在新企业国际创业过程中扮演不同的角色。对于创业者具有本土背景和具有国际背景的国际新企业而言,不同类型的网络连接对于国际化过程资源获取作用不同。     

Antecedents and outcomes of promotion systems

This study tests the Ferris, Buckley, and Allen (Human Resource Planning, 15, 47–68) model of promotion systems in organizations assessing the promotion systems in Fortune 500 companies in six industry groups. Relationships were found between characteristics of organizations (e.g., the extent of their career planning and their affirmative action practices and organizational outcomes including numbers of grievances filed, industry rank on sales, and employee attitudes concerning promotion opportunities. These results suggest that the Ferris, Buckley, and Allen (1992) model provides a useful framework for the study and development of organizations' promotion systems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.