需求扰动不确定情况下供应链的价格竞争研究

研究了市场需求扰动情况下包含一个供应商和两个零售商的供应链价格竞争问题。供应链可以采取集中式或分散式决策模式,并且,两个零售商的市场需求扰动问题会以一定的概率发生。通过分析需求扰动的不确定性对供应商和零售商最优定价的影响,研究发现供应商、零售商以及供应链的利润都会随着需求扰动概率的增大而减小。     

控制权安排、事务所定价策略和审计质量——来自Ａ股市场的证据

本文通过对2003 ～ 2009年A股上市公司审计费用的分析,讨论控制权安排和事务所定价策略对审计质量的影响.研究结果表明,中央政府控股和地方政府控股的国有上市公司的审计费用会显著低于民营上市公司;国内十大所对中央政府控股的上市公司会采取低价竞争策略.研究结果表明政府行为对事务所定价策略产生重要影响,为今后完善法律制度环境、推动事务所做大做强提供了经验支持.     

Multimarket Competition,Mobility Barriers,and Firm Performance

This study develops and tests a theoretical framework which suggests interactive dynamics, with strong performance implications, between the height of mobility barriers surrounding strategic groups and the extent of within‐group multimarket competition. Empirical analysis drawn from a longitudinal sample of pharmaceutical firms indicates that within‐group multimarket competition has strong positive effect on firm performance for strategic groups surrounded by high mobility barriers. As we move lower on the mobility barriers hierarchy, this effect decreases, becoming non‐significant for groups surrounded by moderate mobility barriers and negative for groups surrounded by low mobility barriers. These findings highlight the conditions under which mobility barriers and multimarket competition have significant performance implications. In addition, our results suggest that mobility barriers and multimarket competition are not substitutive but complementary devices promoting mutual coordination within strategic groups. Finally, our findings point to the need to consider multimarket contacts as an aggregate property of strategic groups.     

When Does a Firm Support Substitute Open Source Programming?

Software firms are observed to support programmers' communities, which develop rival open source programs. A firm selling a copyright program has an incentive to support substitute copyleft programming when support creates compatibility between the programs and programs exhibit network effects. Costly compatibility benefits the firm as its consumers gain access to the community's services but may also hurt the firm because it cannot profit from the valuation difference between incompatible networks. The incentive arises under a weak network effect even when the consumers' benefit is small. Standardization and enlarging the open source programmers' community do not always increase welfare.     

论质量信誉与质量竞争力

企业的质量信誉是企业质量竞争力的外在表现。质量信誉高，企业的质量竞争力就强；相反，就弱。因此，企业里几乎所有的质量工作，都是为了建立自己的质量信誉。只有质量信誉得以确立，才可能实现质量竞争力。     

Competition with Aftermarket Power When Consumers Are Heterogeneous

We study a model of competitive foremarkets and partly monopolized aftermarkets. We show that high aftermarket power prompts firms to engage in inefficiently aggressive below‐cost pricing in the foremarket. This inefficiency is driven by the presence of consumers with valuations below marginal cost. While for intermediate aftermarket power their presence leads to a competition‐softening effect, for high aftermarket power firms attract increasing numbers of unprofitable consumers by aggressively pricing below cost. For high aftermarket power, firms' equilibrium profits can therefore be decreasing in aftermarket power but are always higher than for low aftermarket power. If firms engage in price discrimination by bundling the foremarket and aftermarket goods or by reducing their aftermarket power, they avoid selling to unprofitable consumers but also reduce the competition‐softening effect. This decreases firms' equilibrium profits but increases consumer and social welfare.     

论质量文化

在我国，1978年引入试点、1979年普遍推行的全面质量管理，至今已27年了。27年来，由于各级领导的大力支持，很多质量专家、学者和质量工作者的竭力推动，广大企业职工的积极参与，使我国全面质量管理积累了丰富经验，取得了很大成绩。实践证明，凡是搞得好的企业，一个共同特点，     

Consumer Stockpiling and Price Competition in Differentiated Markets

In many storable-goods markets, firms are often aware that consumers may strategically adjust purchase timing in response to expected price dynamics. For example, in periods when prices are low, consumers stockpile for future consumption. This paper investigates the dynamic impact of consumer stockpiling on competing firms' strategic pricing decisions in differentiated markets. The necessity of equilibrium consumer storage for storable products is re-examined. It is shown that preference heterogeneity generates differential consumer stockpiling propensity, thereby intensifying future price competition. As a result, consumer storage may not necessarily arise as an equilibrium outcome. Economic forces are also investigated that may mitigate the competition-intensifying effect of consumer inventories and that, hence, may lead to equilibrium consumer storage.     

商业零售企业价格竞争与政府管制

价格竞争是商业零售企业的主要竞争手段,本文讨论了商业零售企业价格竞争的合理范围,并结合厂商的定价策略,提出了不同的管制思路,即在保证市场可竞争的基础上,发挥行业协会的价格自治功能。     

Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation and Audit Quality

In a setting where mandatory audit firm rotation has been effective for more than 20 years (i.e. Italy), we analyse changes in audit quality during the auditor engagement period. In our research setting, auditors are appointed for a three-year period and their term can be renewed twice up to a maximum of nine years. Since the auditor has incentives to be re-appointed at the end of the first and the second three-year periods, we expect audit quality to be lower in the first two three-year periods compared to the third (i.e. the last) term. Assuming that a better audit quality is associated with a higher level of accounting conservatism, and using abnormal working capital accruals as a proxy for the latter, we find that the auditor becomes more conservative in the last three-year period, i.e. the one preceding the mandatory rotation. These results are confirmed using Basu's [1997. The conservatism principle and the asymmetric timeliness of earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 24(1), 3–37] timely loss recognition model. In an additional analysis, we use earnings response coefficients as a proxy for investor perception of audit quality, and we observe results consistent with an increase in audit quality perception in the last engagement period.     

供应链成本管理--赢得竞争优势的新工具

供应链成本管理有效地实现供应链管理的目标，最大程度的满足客户需求，使成本管理与企业经营管理全过程的资源消耗和资源配置协调起来，是一种全过程、全方位、全人员的成本管理方法。文中介绍了供应链成本管理的概念和作用、与传统成本管理的区别以及供应链管理的内容。     

Customer Satisfaction,Competition, and Firm Performance: An Empirical Investigation

We conduct two empirical studies to test two hypotheses: (1) rivals' customer satisfaction increases a firm's own customer satisfaction; and (2) rivals' customer satisfaction reduces a firm's sales. Study One uses a panel dataset of annual store‐level customer satisfaction data from a supermarket chain for the periods 1998–2001. Study Two considers a range of industries by using a panel dataset of brand‐level customer satisfaction ratings from the American Customer Satisfaction Index spanning the periods 1994–2003. Results from both studies provide support for our hypotheses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从价格竞争到价格联盟:旅行社业存在的一个博弈均衡解

目前，由于我国旅行社业存在产品模仿行为，使我国旅行社提供给旅游市场的旅游产品趋同，从而导致了旅行社之间为争夺客源市场的价格竞争。为了规避价格竞争给双方带来的经济损失，旅行社之间达成了维护各自利益的价格联盟。本文从产业组织理论的角度，并使用博弈论的方法，探讨了旅行社业发生价格竞争的原因和价格联盟终遭解体的原因。最后，本文给出避免价格竞争的有效方法是实施旅行社产品的差异化战略。     

投资者认知、审计质量与公司价值

投资者认知是决定市场资源配置的重要因素,认知水平越高,公司价值越大。审计作为一种降低信息不对称的制度安排,能够影响公司信息传递,进而正向调节认知效应;审计还具有缓解代理冲突的功能,而代理成本与审计质量存在对应关系,因此审计质量也体现为对认知效应的负向调节。我国股市目前主要体现为后一种情况,表明审计提升公司价值的主要路径是缓解公司的代理冲突,公司对高质量审计的需求动机远比满足投资者信息需求的动机更为强烈。聘用大型事务所能够向市场投资者传递积极信号,对认知提升公司价值的效应有正向调节作用。审计模式选择需要考虑公司的信息传递特征,并与投资者对公司的认知水平相契合。     

Second-Mover Advantages in Dynamic Quality Competition

This paper explores a dynamic model of product innovation, extending the work of Dutta, Lach, and Rustichini (1995). It is shown that if R&D costs for quality improvements are low, the dynamic competition is structured as a race for being the pioneer firm with payoff equalization in equilibrium, but switches to a waiting game with a second-mover advantage in equilibrium if R&D costs are high. Moreover, the second-mover advantage increases monotonically as R&D becomes more costly.     

剖析价格竞争策略实施中的常见几个错误

今天,价格竞争策略仍是厂商最常用的策略之一。但不少厂商在价格竞争策略的实施中存在一些错误,这些错误的 后果有时是十分严重的。本文从经济学和营销管理的角度,对价格竞争策略实施中,从认识上到实践中存在的七种常见的错误 进行了研究分析,以期寻求克服和避免这些错误的方法与措施。     

剖析价格竞争策略实施中的常见几个错误

今天,价格竞争策略仍是厂商最常用的策略之一.但不少厂商在价格竞争策略的实施中存在一些错误,这些错误的后果有时是十分严重的.本文从经济学和营销管理的角度,对价格竞争策略实施中,从认识上到实践中存在的七种常见的错误进行了研究分析,以期寻求克服和避免这些错误的方法与措施.     

Price and Quantity Contracts in a Mixed Duopoly with a Socially Concerned Firm

I study the endogenous choice of a price or quantity contract in a mixed duopoly with a socially concerned firm, which maximizes a combination of profit and consumer welfare. Equilibria with price and quantity contracts might co‐exist; welfare under price competition might be lower than under quantity competition; the firms' profit ranking might be different from that of a private duopoly or mixed duopoly with a public firm. Hence, if a firm follows a social strategy, the optimal market strategy crucially depends on the levels of social concern and competition in the market. The presence of socially concerned firms may change the mode of competition. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于品牌差异的供应链间价格竞争策略研究

讨论了两条提供不同品牌产品的供应链之间的价格竞争.每条链均由一个制造商和一个零售商组成,其中制造商是价格决策的斯塔克博格领导者,并对供应链的管理方式进行选择以最大化自身的收益.在求出供应链之间价格竞争的均衡状态后,得出了外部零售商能够缓解价格竞争的结论,并讨论了品牌差异对均衡的影响.