Household expenditure on poultry and seafood in the U.S.A. - a cross-sectional analysis

This study investigates the determinants of household expenditures on poultry and seafood using the 1992 Consumer Expenditure Survey. Higher income and larger households with a better-educated and older household head spend more on poultry, especially during the fourth quarter of the year, than others. Higher income and north-eastern households with a non-white and better-educated household head spend more on seafood than others. Poultry expenditures are more sensitive to changes in household size than to changes in household income. In contrast, seafood expenditures are more sensitive to changes in household income than to changes in household size.     

Determinants of household expected real income growth in the U.S.A.

This study explores factors related to household income growth in a two-period timeframe. using data from the 1983 and I986 Survey of Consumer Finances. Regression results explain 81% of the variation in household income. Household income in the first period, age, marital status, education, job status and occupation were found to be important determinants of various levels of household real income growth. Implications for consumer education, financial planning, family economics and welfare policy are discussed.     

Shopping orientations of US males: A generational cohort comparison

Male shoppers are recognized as an important and distinctive market segment. While initial steps to categorize and classify male shoppers have been taken, the majority of existing empirical research considers male shoppers as a single, homogeneous market segment. Recognizing that our understanding of male shoppers can be improved by identifying smaller, more homogeneous sub-segments, this exploratory study uses Generational Cohort Theory (GCT) as a framework to examine the shopping orientations of US men across four different generational cohorts: the Silent generation, the Baby Boomers, the 13th Generation, and the Millennials. The findings of this study support the use of GCT as a market segmentation tool for male shoppers and provide insight to help retailers understand how men in the four cohort groups approach shopping. Specifically, the findings suggest that male shoppers in the Millennial generation exhibit significantly higher levels of shopping enjoyment, recreational shopping tendency and market mavenism than males in the other generational cohorts.     

美国住房反抵押贷款及引入我国可行性评析

住房反抵押贷款是重要金融创新,在发达国家变得越来越流行。它是居民以自有产权作为抵押,定期向金融机构取得的主要用于养老费用的贷款。反抵押贷款提高了住房的流动性,对提高老人生活质量有积极作用。从美国反抵押贷款发展的特点、存在问题来看,反抵押贷款业务在我国有一定的需求潜力。同时新业务在我国的市场必须正确定位,才能将潜在的需求转化为现实的市场。     

Pricing in marketing strategies of U.S.- and foreign-based companies

This study examines the role of pricing in marketing plans of U.S.- and foreign-based companies operating in the United States. Concurrently, two other issues, centrality of pricing decisions and pricing objectives, are examined. One objective of this study is to complement prior research, which has suggested the existence of managerial differences in other marketing and nonmarketing areas between U.S.- and foreign-based firms.The results, based on a mail survey and personal interviews, show that some differences exist between the U.S.- and foreign-based firms so far as the pricing element of their marketing plans is concerned. Pricing decisions are also shown to be more centrally made in the U.S.-based firms than in the foreign-based firms. Distribution of pricing objectives of the two types of firms, however, were not significantly different from one another. Group mean scores for pricing objectives, on the other hand, do suggest some fundamental differences.     

A comparative study of British,U.S. and Japanese marketing strategies in the British market

This empirical study compares the marketing strategies and organisations of a matched sample of American, Japanese and local competitors in the British market. Japanese subsidiaries in Britain are shown to be much more marketing oriented, more single minded in their pursuit of market share and more alert to strategic opportunities than their U.S. and British counterparts. American subsidiaries appear less committed to the UK, home country oriented and, like their British competitors, excessively concerned with short term profit performance.     

Children's participation in household tasks as portrayed by national television advertisements in the U.S.A.

This paper provides a content analysis of portrayals of children's participation in household tasks in national television advertisements within the U.S.A. The analysis indicates that children are rarely shown working in the home, even when they could help. Furthermore, parents are shown routinely performing tasks children could have done for themselves. The resulting stereotypes are clearly drawn: children are shown to be non-productive and parents are portrayed as servants. Such portrayals may be counter-productive in the context of growing time pressures in the household and the potential benefits that families might realize by working together towards common goals.     

U.S. male generational cohorts: Retail format preferences,desired retail attributes,satisfaction and loyalty

Reports in the academic and popular press acknowledge the growing importance of male shoppers from a retail perspective (Albright, 2010) yet to date most studies have only compared men to women or when examining fashion products (Shim and Kotsiopulos, 1991). No research has been done to segment males in order to provide retailers with a better understanding of male shopping behavior (Bakewell and Mitchell, 2003, Meredith et al., 2007). This exploratory study surveyed 560 U.S. males examining retail format preferences, desired retail attributes, satisfaction and loyalty using Generational Cohort Theory (GCT). Results suggest significant differences between male generational cohorts in terms of retail format preferences with males from the Silent Generation preferring the category killer format more than males in the Millennial Generation and both 13th Generation and Millennial Generation males preferring internet-only retailers than did Silent Generation Males. Silent Generation males were also found to be more satisfied with retailers in their area, when compared to the younger Baby Boomer and 13th Generation males. No significant differences were found in desired retail attributes or store loyalty. Additional research investigating U.S. and non-U.S. males using GCT is suggested.     

Economic malaise in Japan: Changing economic order and the future of the U.S.–Japan economic relationship

B. Gao. 2001. Japan's Economic Dilemma: The Institutional Origins of Prosperity and Stagnation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 300 pages; ISBN 0‐521‐79025‐5. F. Bergsten, T. Ito, & M. Noland. 2001. No More Bashing: Building a New Japan‐United States Economic Relationship. Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics. 328 pages; ISBN 0‐88132‐286‐5.     

The Retail Travels of the U.S. Greenback: A Comparative Study of Currency Substitution Along the U.S.-Canadian and U.S.-Mexican Borders

This currency substitution study explores the extent of retail firm-level U.S. dollar acceptance in Canada and Mexico. Employing a stratified random sampling approach of retail business in the border region, results demonstrate that all Mexican firms (N = 300/300) and nearly all Canadian (N = 257/261) firms accept the U.S. dollar in retail transactions. Of greater interest is the difference between firms in the two countries in how acceptance of the U.S. dollar is operationalized. On average, U.S. dollar sales of Canadian border firms comprise just 3.4% of total sales whereas U.S. dollar sales of Mexican firms encompass 23.7% of total sales. Our results also indicate a stark contrast as to the effective exchange rate for U.S. dollar acceptance— Canadian firms typically charge a premium (2.1% on average) while 69.3% of Mexican firms transacted business at a discount (?0.8% on average). Additional analyses further refine the currency substitution distinctions between Canadian and Mexican firms in the sample including a logistical regression which reveals significant differences as to firm-level predictors of U.S. dollar acceptance (whether at a discount or premium).     

美国电子消费品市场:商机多多

微欢公司创始人比尔·盖茨"未来智能化家庭媒体中心的构想"的演讲揭开了在美国拉斯维加斯举办的2005年度国际消费电子展(CES)的序幕.盖茨先生在演讲中称,消费者将在21世纪的第一个十年迎来"数字生活方式",即:以电脑为中心,连接高清晰度数字电视、MP3、DVD、数码相机、手机、游戏机甚至手表.让消费者生活在数字化的"声色世界"中.随着宽带的普及和数字设备的降价,数字化的发展速度超过了人们预期.     

U.S.-Africa trade balance and the J-curve: An asymmetry analysis

ABSTRACT

For the first time in the body of literature, we consider bilateral trade balance models of the US with each of her 20 trading partners from Africa and try to assess the J-curve phenomenon. After applying the linear and nonlinear ARDL approaches, we find support for the J-curve effect in three partners from the linear models. However, support rises to eight partners when we shift to nonlinear models. Furthermore, we find short-run asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes in almost all models and significant long-run asymmetric effects in half of the partners.     

Business Ethics in Brazil and the U.S.: A Comparative Investigation

In this comparative survey of 126 Brazilian and U.S. business professionals, we explore the effect of national culture on ethical decision-making within the context of business. Using Reidenbach and Robin's (1988) multi-criteria ethics instrument, we examined how these two countries' differences on Hofstede's individualism/collectivism dimension are related to the manner in which business practitioners make ethical decisions. Our results indicate that Brazilians and Americans evaluate the ethical content of actions or decisions differently when applying utilitarian criteria. By contrast, business people from both countries do not differ significantly when they use egoistic criteria in evaluating the ethical nature of business decisions.     

Functional forms of household expenditure patterns in the United States

Engel curve analyses of six major categories of expenditures are presented. Data for U.S. consumer units are from the 1989 Consumer Expenditure Survey. Six different functional forms for each of the six expenditure categories were compared and the form with the best fit between permanent income, as derived from an instrumental variable approach, and expenditure was selected for each expenditure category. Regressions of each expenditure with permanent income and selected household characteristics are discussed.     

Environmental determinants of U.S. foreign direct investment in developed and developing countries: A structural analysis

This study attempts to explain theoretically and empirically the influence of developed and developing countries’ environments on foreign direct investment from the United States. It is postulated that foreign direct investment into these economies can be explained by examining interactions among three environmental constructs: technological development, quality of life, and political instability. A structural equation model is developed to test the concurrent and longitudinal influence of the three environmental constructs on foreign direct investment into these economies from the United States.