社会转型期的中国利益群体探析

随着改革开放的深入和市场经济的发展，我国社会阶层经历着巨大变动，社会利益格局的分化、重组导致了大量的利益群体的出现，中国利益群体的产生是现代化进程中经济发展的必然结果，也是社会变革在政治层面上的反映，其形成和发展深受传统的政治、经济、化特性的影响。本考察了利益群体产生的背景、条件、阐述了其现现阶段的主要特征，并对其今后的健康发展作出了思考和建议。     

三十年来当代中国社会阶层结构的嬗变与执政党建设

改革开放以来,我国社会阶层结构发生了深刻变化,主要体现在社会阶层结构成分多样化,社会阶层结构形态扁平化,社会阶层位序现代化,社会阶层结构分化机制职业化等方面,给党的建设带来了严峻的挑战。处于执政地位的中国共产党必须适应这一变化,在加强党的建设方面应引导合理的现代社会阶层结构的形成;要加强党的理论建设,创新理论与现实相结合的意识形态;巩固和扩大执政党的阶级基础和群众基础;合理协调与整合阶层利益;大力推进民主政治建设进程。     

当前我国农村阶层分化背景下的思想政治工作探析

改革开放以来，农村社会阶层急剧分化，使农村思想政治工作面临严峻的挑战。农村发展的新形势迫切需要农村思想政治工作的加强和改进，以推进农村社会的现代化进程。本文着重对当前我国农村阶层分化背景下的思想政治工作进行了探析。     

新的社会阶层演变新的社会发展趋势

随着我国改革开放力度的不断加大，政治发展迈人新阶段，促使社会阶层分化演变，产生一些新特征、新趋势。     

我国中产阶级的社会政治态度及其社会政治功能探析

改革开放以来,固化的社会阶层结构开始不断分化重组,中间阶级随之出现。本文通过阐述中产阶级的含义,进而分析我国中产阶级的社会政治态度及其社会政治功能。     

新时期政治秩序视角下利益机制建设探究

新时期我国社会最深刻的变化就是社会利益的分化,涉及经济主体和社会集团的切身利益,对政治秩序的稳定性及其合法性有重要影响.唯有强化利益机制的构建对利益分化进行有效协调,才能保证政治秩序的良性发展.     

加强新社会阶层统战工作壮大爱国统一战线

我国新的社会阶层正在不断地形成与强大,他们使社会各阶层的政治观念、经济利益、生活方式等方面认同的差异日益明晰化,客观上增加了政治整合统一的难度,给社会的稳定、团结构成了新的挑战。这是我党统一战线巩固和发展所必须认真对待的课题。我们必须通过各种行政的、法律的手段来安排、协调好该阶层的社会地位和利益关系,适时调整统一战线的组成成分、内部结构、根本任务和工作方法,加强我们的统战工作,壮大爱国统一战线。     

试析社会阶层分化对贫困大学生的影响

经济发展的不平衡,社会各阶层占有社会资源程度的不同,使得阶层分化现象越来越明显。大学生们来自不同的地区、不同的家庭,也间接地受到社会阶层分化的影响,尤其是贫困大学生受到的影响更是多方面的。     

新社会阶层对我国民主政治建设的作用探析

一定社会中各社会阶层的具体状况及其相互关系,必然影响该社会政治体系的性质和运行模式.在当今中国,已经涌现的新社会阶层为我国民主政治建设的向前发展提供了新的"生长点",对我国民主政治建设提出了挑战,如何规范和引导新社会阶层,使其对民主政治建设充分发挥作用是必须要解决的课题.     

从功利到公益：当前新社会阶层政治参与的困境与突破

新社会阶层是伴随着我国社会主义市场经济体制改革产生的一个特殊群体。他们不仅是中国特色社会主义事业的建设者,还是构建社会主义和谐社会不可或缺的重要组成部分。他们的政治参与不仅事关新社会阶层人士的切身利益与和谐社会的构建,甚至关系到我国民主政治建设的顺利推进。当前我国新社会阶层的政治参与在意识上和方式上都出现明显的功利性,因此,须在认真分析新社会阶层政治参与存在的现实困境的基础上,从认识上、渠道上、制度上三个层面探索新社会阶层政治参与的公益性路径,从而使新社会阶层的政治参与沿着公益化、规范化、制度化的方向有序推进。     

中国消费阶层:基于经济资本和文化资本的分析

社会阶层是市场细分的重要变量之一,通过对中西方社会阶层研究的回顾提出以经济资本和社会资本为划分维度。对中国消费者进行社会阶层市场细分的方法,包括精英阶层、知识阶层、中产阶层、新富阶层和草根阶层,探讨各社会阶层的核心消费行为特征,指出研究的局限和未来方向。     

我国华北地区农民政治参与问题实证研究——基于河北安新县A村的实地调研

农民的政治参与状况直接影响和制约着政治文明的进程。河北安新县A村农民政治参与案例表明，在华北欠发达地区的农村．农村公民的政治参与具有主动性组织化程度较低、政治参与程度和水平较低、政治参与非制度化可能性仍存在的特征。健全农民政治参与的对策，应当从加强农民政治参与制度建设，加强农村社会主义政治文化建设，发展农村经济，提高农民社会地位，早日建立农民利益的政治表达组织等方面入手。     

Corporate Political Strategy: An Examination of the Relation between Political Expenditures, Environmental Performance, and Environmental Disclosure

Two fundamental business ethics issues that repeatedly surface in the academic literature relate to business’s role in the development of public policy [Suarez, S. L.: 2000, Does Business Learn? (The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI); Roberts, R. W. and D. D. Bobek: 2004, Accounting, Organizations and Society 29(5–6), 565–590] and its role in responsibly managing the natural environment [Newton, L.: 2005, Business Ethics and the Natural Environment (Blackwell Publishing, Oxford)]. When studied together, researchers often examine if, and how, corporations influence environmental policy decisions. Drawing from literatures on?corporate political activity, corporate social and environmental performance, and corporate environmental disclosure, we develop and empirically examine two research questions concerning the relations between corporate political expenditures, environmental performance, and environmental disclosure. The questions are: (1) Do corporations that are poorer environmental performers spend more on political activities than their better-performing counterparts? (2) Is there an association between corporations’ spending on political activities and the extent of their financial report environmental disclosures? We investigated these questions through analyses of data we gathered on a sample consisting of 119 U.S. environmentally sensitive firms for the 2001–2002 election cycle. After controlling for firm size and specific industry effects, our tests reveal a significant, inverse relationship between firm environmental performance and political spending. This is consistent with the notion that U.S. firms with relatively poorer environmental performance records engage more intensely in corporate political activities as part of their overall strategic management of their relationship with the state. In addition, a significant and positive association between the amount of political spending and the extent of environmental disclosure suggests that environmental disclosure and political spending are both proactive, complementary tactics to strategically manage public policy pressure. If corporations’ strategies are intentionally designed to unreasonably limit their environmental responsibilities or to misrepresent firm environmental performance, then we argue that these activities reflect a significant lapse in ethical conduct.     

Hindering or enabling structural social capital to enhance buyer performance? The role of relational social capital at two levels in China

Purpose: In its cognitive, relational, and structural forms, social capital has been identi?ed as a powerful strategic tool. However, prior empirical studies focus only on the direct effect of various dimensions of social capital and address relational social capital at either a dyadic level or a network level. Drawing on the social capital theory and social network theory, this study fills the above-mentioned gaps by examining the role of structural and relational social capital on performance through exploring direct and interaction effects simultaneously and revealing the moderating effect of relational social capital at the dyadic and network levels (including business ties and political ties) simultaneously.

Methodology/Approach: Based on data for 393 distributors from China, a moderated regression analysis is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings: The empirical test generally supports the hypotheses and indicates that the value of structural social capital is conditional on both curvilinear and linear moderating effects of relational social capital: the moderating effects of business ties on the structural social capital–buyer performance relationship is inverted U-shaped, while the moderating effects of relational social capital at the dyadic level and political ties on the structural social capital–buyer performance relationship is positive.

Research Implications: This study incorporates all three dimensions of social capital, represents one of the first attempts to examine the interplay between structural and relational social capital in emerging economies, explores relational social capital at the dyadic and network levels simultaneously, and responses to the fact that buyer–supplier relationships (BSRs) are embedded within a larger context of social networks. By addressing these issues, this study sheds new light on the individual and joint impact of various dimensions of social capital and provides new evidence on both the positive and negative aspects of social capital in a single model.

Practical Implications: The results provide important implications for managers in addressing social capital in an emerging economy. In order to improve performance, managers should first encourage and foster frequent, diverse, scarce, and high-quality information exchange and interactions to accumulate structural social capital. Additionally, managers should not only emphasize relational social capital building and development in BSRs, but also pay attention to the cultivation of relational social capital among the business network. They should acknowledge the persistent positive effect of political ties and the potential negative effect of business ties.

Originality/Value/Contribution: First, few studies examine both the individual and synergetic effects of various dimensions of social capital in a single model or explicitly explore relational social capital in a dyadic relationship and deeply consider it at the network level in a single model. This study addresses these issues.     

我国新社会阶层形成及发展的政治生态基础

政治生态的调整及其整体转型在我国新社会阶层的形成及其发展壮大过程中起着极为重大的作用;生产力本位论、政党建设论以及社会和谐论的提出和实施,奠定了我国新社会阶层形成及发展的政治一经济生态基础、政治一政党生态基础以及政治一社会生态基础。     

隋唐时期的东亚国际关系与政治制度

隋唐律令制度博大精深且积极向周边国家和地区辐射,以至影响古代朝鲜和日本政治制度的形成与发展。不过,由于各国社会条件、历史背景等方面存在差异,古代朝鲜、日本等国虽受中国文化影响很深,但仍保持着很多自己固有的文化特色。     

农民工有序政治参与的实证研究——以达州市外出务工人员为研究对象

政治参与是农民工的基本政治权利,但在现实中却陷于两难境地。基于对达州市外出务工人员的政治认知、政治选举行为和政治参与渠道等所作的调研发现,农民工有较强的参政意愿,但对参政目的、参政途径、参政手段等认知还存在较大问题,表现出参政意识强烈与参与行为缺乏并存、制度化政治参与与非制度化政治参与并存、渴望融入城市与城市政治参与边缘化并存、法定参与途径多样与可利用的参与方式有限并存的尴尬局面。因此,应从夯实基层参与、强化媒体推动、统筹城乡发展、加强文化建设等方面培育农民工的政治参与意识,提高农民工政治参与的能力和素养。     

Personal values associated with political consumption: an exploratory study with university students in Brazil

Emerging countries have witnessed an incredible change in their societal structure in the last few years. In Brazil, the economical rise of the middle class brought more that 100 million people to the marketplace. This stimulus to consumerism (i.e. the social and economic order that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever‐greater amounts) is accompanied by a notable growth in social movements and mobilization of citizen‐consumers, which indicates changes in the values of individuals and concerns with the direction the society is taking. Conscious and political consumption consequently arises as an alternative way. Especially among young consumers such issues are interesting to address from a theoretical and social point of view, as this new generation will shape the future of the nation. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyse socially conscious and political consumption in terms of consumers’ civic engagement as political citizens. We argue that the young political consumer is value‐oriented. The study relied on quantitative research, conducted through an internet‐based survey where 458 valid questionnaires were obtained. Schwartz's Portrait Values Questionnaire was used to measure personal values of the interviewees. Conscious and political consumption were measured through eight questions addressing alter‐ and anti‐consumption actions. The results indicated significant differences among the personal values of the university students that were classified as political consumers. Universalism and benevolence stood out among the core values of this group, with prominence of self‐transcendence, appreciation for equality and concerns for the well‐being of others. However, a gap was observed between the discourse and action of interviewees, once only one‐third of the sample undertook some form of political consumption. The conclusion was that most of the university students interviewed show the will to change society with individual actions, but demonstrate very little political commitment, and currently do not act politically in their purchases.     

论隐性载体在高校思想政治教育中的发挥

新时期,隐性思想政治教育载体（以下简称隐性载体）由于其自身的优势,越来越广泛的应用于高校思想政治教育工作之中。隐性载体与显性载体相比,不仅覆盖面广,而且具有教育方式的多样性与隐蔽性、教育内容的丰富性与灵活性、教育效果持久性及教育过程无逆反性等优点。通过对隐性载体如校园环境、社会实践活动、心理咨询和社会公共环境等的应用现状的分析可知,要提高思想政治教育的实效性,需要进一步完善、优化现有隐性载体和开发新的隐性载体,进而使高校思想政治教育达到理想的教育效果。