劳动关系作为法律关系:兼论劳动法学研究的范式转换

劳动关系和劳动法律关系区分的理论更多是法外视角研究劳动关系问题的结果。法律调整社会关系或劳动关系并非是指存在先在的供法律调整的社会关系,而是指法律通过规范人的行为在当事人之间产生法律关系,该法律关系是社会关系的特殊形式;法律关系产生的过程不是寻找社会关系的过程,而是判断法律规范规定的构成要件是否具备的过程。法律调整劳动关系因此是指出现法律规范的构成要件时在当事人之间产生以一方提供依附性劳动、另一方支付报酬为主要义务的权利义务关系,也即法律意义上的劳动关系。从上述劳动关系的逻辑出发,则事实劳动关系概念需要正本清源,集体劳动关系非法律意义的劳动关系,劳动法律关系、社会劳动关系、个别劳动关系等概念无存在必要。劳动法学研究应实现从法外视角向法教义学研究并重的转换。我国劳动法的规则体系和理论体系应围绕劳动关系展开。     

关于供应链战略合作关系的研究

从历史上看,供应链关系或者是一种建立在权利基础上的控制关系,或者是以信任为基础的战略合作关系。这两种供应关系分别适应于不同的市场环境,具有各自的特点。本文在详细比较两者之间的区别之后,重点论述了建立战略合作关系应当注意的两个问题,并提出了用以评价供应链战略合作关系的三条标准。     

基于BOP战略的跨部门伙伴关系构建的案例研究

基于资源构建视角,以铁骑力士集团在四川凉山州实施生猪代养模式中构建多方合作关系的过程为案例研究对象,探讨BOP战略实施中跨部门伙伴关系的构建过程。研究发现:跨部门伙伴关系的构建过程在本质上是一个资源构建的过程,包括资源筛选、资源激活、资源获取和资源整合四个阶段,每个阶段均涵盖伙伴关系建立的伙伴识别、关系发起和关系调整三个环节,且伙伴关系构建的后一个环节能够帮助完善前面环节的结果。此外,跨部门伙伴关系的构建过程是一个动态调整的过程:一方面,针对不同部门,在关系搭建的不同阶段,所搭建的关系属性有所不同;另一方面,企业在构建跨部门伙伴关系的过程中,针对同一部门所搭建的关系需要依据其关系状态动态调整,并遵循两条关系调整路径——非正式社会关系→正式社会关系→正式业务关系,以及非正式社会关系→非正式业务关系→正式业务关系。     

正确对待医患关系,携手构建和谐社会

医患关系是重要的人际关系之一,医患关系也是社会和谐建设不可或缺的部分,如何构筑和谐的医患关系正成为医学进步、医院发展过程中举足轻重的问题。现代医院建设中,患者满意度是医院管理的重要指标,而医生满意度并未得到关注,这一现象正成为导致医患关系不和谐的重要原因之一。正确看待医患关系,协调处理医患矛盾,营造医患之间的和谐氛围。     

When affective well-being is empowered: the joint role of leader-member exchange and the employment relationship

HRM and the leader are often assumed to play a joint role in affecting employee reactions. In a multilevel, time-lagged study, we examined the joint role of the employment relationship and leader-member exchange (LMX). We tested whether this joint role is essential to when LMX leads to affective well-being via psychological empowerment. We build on HRM literature to expect that the relationship of LMX with psychological empowerment is stronger when the employment relationship is consistent with LMX quality. Results indicated that psychological empowerment mediates the relationship between LMX and affective well-being. This mediation is stronger for employees in a mutual investment employment relationship. The findings point at the importance of consistency of resources from the employment relationship and LMX. Nevertheless, the findings also suggest that resources from LMX compensate for employment relationships with low resources. Our findings contribute to scholars’ understanding of the joint role of HRM systems and leader behaviors.     

Toward a Theory of Reinstatement: Seven Motivations for Reinstatement as Relationship Repair

There is a long, interdisciplinary tradition of examining why organizations remove privileges from members as a part of disciplinary action. In contrast, little is known about why organizations return privileges after disciplinary action has occurred. Nonetheless, such reinstatement is ubiquitous in organizations. This paper provides a starting point for a theory of reinstatement by using the emerging theoretical domain of relationship repair. Treating reinstatement as relationship repair highlights the importance of causal attribution, social equilibrium, relationship structure, and power as means of relationship repair. The paper uses these four bases of relationship repair to develop a series of specific motivations for why managers might reinstate privileges.     

关系营销视角下的供应链管理分析

建立战略伙伴关系是供应链管理的重点,供应链上下游的企业之间要建立一种长期稳定的、信任与合作的伙伴关系,而关系营销则是供应链上各企业之间合作的保障。本文主要分析了关系营销在供应链管理中的作用和建立良好供应链关系品质的影响因素,并提出了关系营销视角下的供应链管理策略。     

What’s in it for others? The relationship between prosocial motivation and commitment to change among youth care professionals

This study assesses the relationship between prosocial motivation and commitment to change among youth care professionals. We draw on person–environment fit theory to propose that this relationship is conditional on employees’ perceived meaningfulness of the change for society and clients. Our results confirm the expected positive relationship between prosocial motivation and commitment to change. Our analysis suggests that the moderating relationship between prosocial motivation, client meaningfulness and commitment to change should be understood as a substitutive relationship: both prosocial motivation and client meaningfulness are sufficient conditions, but the presence of both is not a necessary condition for commitment to change.     

Why an auditor can't be competent and independent: A french case study

Abstract

This research proposes an understanding of the role of the relationship between the finance director and the auditor in the audit process and its effect on audit quality. We adopt an interpretative and qualitative approach. Based on 60 interviews, this qualitative method is the object of an interpretative process, composed of two complementary theoretical fields: contractual economic theories and economic sociology. Two notions emerge from this process, which are considered as the interpretation bases: relationship dualism (professional/personal relationship) and hybrid trust. This interpretative conception leads to a redefinition of the relationship between a finance director and an auditor as a peers' relationship. The emergence conditions of a peers' relationship are the sharing of professional and cultural norms, the frequency of relationship and the multiplexity of relationship. A peers' relationship is characterised by a hybrid trust, a joint generation of knowledge and a role equality. This parity conception of a relationship leads to a new reading of the foundations of audit quality that are auditor independence and competence. Audit quality appears as a balance between its two determinants, competence and independence.     

民营企业的政治联系、劳动雇佣与公司价值

本文以2007～2009年的民营上市公司作为研究样本,实证考察了民营企业的政治联系、劳动雇佣与公司价值之间的关系。研究发现,民营企业的政治联系与公司的雇佣人数及雇佣成本均呈显著的正相关关系,而且这种正相关的关系在市场化程度较低的地区更为突出;民营公司的政治联系并不影响公司的价值。结果表明,尽管民营公司通过建立与政府的政治联系可能会在银行信贷、财政补贴、市场准入等方面获取租金收益,但与此同时,公司也必须承担相应的社会职能如劳动力就业等。     

基于关系视角的品牌资产研究

在品牌资产的研究领域中,基于顾客的品牌资产(CBBE)研究在较长一段时间里都是作为品牌资产研究的主流范式影响着学术界及企业。随着CBBE研究的缺点不断呈现,许多学者提出了消费者—品牌关系的品牌资产研究来试图解决CBBE研究中遇到的挑战。然而,这一新的基于关系视角的品牌资产研究在其关系的界定上仍然存在一定缺陷。文章试图通过梳理关系营销这一基础理论,来从新定义基于关系视角的品牌资产。     

营商环境对城乡收入差距的影响——劳动力就业的调节效应

基于2005—2019年中国30个省市面板数据,运用固定效应模型实证检验营商环境与城乡收入差距之间的关系。研究发现：营商环境与城乡收入差距存在U型关系,整体上营商环境改善有利于缩小城乡收入差距。从区域异质性方面研究看,东中西部地区营商环境与城乡收入差距依然存在U型关系;从营商环境分类指标看,市场环境、政务环境、国际环境和城乡收入差距关系与整体一致,法治环境与城乡收入差距关系并不显著。此外,就业结构与创业能够负向调节营商环境对城乡收入差距的U型关系,延缓U型曲线拐点的出现。     

Lean, leaner, too lean? The inventory-performance link revisited

While firms increasingly adopt lean inventory practices, there is limited evidence that inventory leanness leads to improved firm performance. This study reexamines this relationship in an attempt to overcome some shortcomings of previous research. To that end, a theory-based measure of inventory leanness, which takes into account industry-specific inventory management characteristics, is proposed. The analysis of a large panel data set of U.S. manufacturing companies reveals that the significance and shape of the inventory-performance relationship varies substantially across industries. This relationship is significant in two-thirds of the 54 industries studied. In most of these instances, the relationship is concave, suggesting that there is an optimum level of inventory leanness beyond which firm performance deteriorates. A post-hoc analysis is conducted to identify industry-level characteristics that may determine the nature the inventory-performance relationship. Managerial implications are discussed and several opportunities for future research are outlined.     

问题视域下的高校室友关系研究

同室操戈的"黄洋事件"再度引发社会对大学室友关系的广泛热议。室友关系是大学生人际关系中最普遍、最直接的一种人际关系,它的和谐与否直接影响大学生的身心健康与人生道路。因而,探讨高校室友关系存在的问题及成因、提出解决不良室友关系之对策是当今社会必须正视的一个重大课题。     

Best value,partnerships and relationship marketing in local government

This paper contends that relationship marketing can enhance the nature of partnerships in local government. It considers first the development of best value, with particular emphasis on partnerships and collaborative working. The development of relationship marketing and its definitions are acknowledged along with a selection of related issues. Two taxonomies of relationship marketing are then considered which appear to have particular relevance to local government. The notion of trust is singled out for attention and possible applications of relationship marketing are then offered. The conclusion presents a synthesis of collaborative working and relationship marketing and a nascent model showing the possible facilitating role of relationship marketing. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications     

An approach to researching managerial labour markets

Recently there has been a revival of interest in the nature of the employment relationship. The employment relationship in a market economy has been traditionally understood as a dynamic equilibrium between the contending forces of conflict and cooperation. However, some contemporary accounts purport to detect a fundamental change in the nature of the employment relationship. These arguments are flawed because they appear to mistake changes in employment arrangements for changes in the core features of the employment relationship. As the contemporary employment relationship remains rooted in market economies, where labour is bought and sold, its core characteristics persist. In testing this claim, we examine whether new working arrangements are associated with changes in attitudes and behaviour. This is based on a survey of white-collar union members in Ireland. We find little support for the assumption that new working arrangements such as increased job autonomy and involvement in decision-making are eradicating the old conflictual attitudes associated with the traditional employment relationship and psychological contract.     

The sales response to advertising: A reconsideration

The paper surveys briefly the literature on the shape of the sales-advertising response relationship. Knowledge of this relationship is an important requirement for optimal marketing decisions. The role of theory is to specify the structure of models for testing. The paper presents a plausible model of this relationship based upon the consumer's response to advertising when qualitative uncertainty exists in a market. The relationship is seen to contain a ‘catastrophe change’ or discontinuity when certain assumptions are made about optimizing behaviour. The implications for marketing strategy and optimal levels of promotional outlays are discussed.     

百年党史视域下监察与审计关系变迁与启示

百年党史视域下的监审关系经历了探索、起伏、定型与转型创新的历程，监察与审计两种制度的分合与互动总体上依据不同历史时期革命和建设的实际需要而不断调整，并在职能、依据、内容等方面呈现出复杂的交融关系。回顾百年制度关系史可以看出：党的领导是监审关系良性发展的政治保障；不断加强法治是监审关系发展的关键；科学的分工和协同是监审关系效能最大化的保障。     

Agile manufacturing: Relation to JIT, operational performance and firm performance

A structural model incorporating agile manufacturing as the focal construct is theorized and tested. The model includes the primary components of JIT (JIT-purchasing and JIT-production) as antecedents and operational performance and firm performance as consequences to agile manufacturing. Using data collected from production and operations managers working for large U.S. manufacturers, the model is assessed following a structural equation modeling methodology. The results indicate that JIT-purchasing has a direct positive relationship with agile manufacturing while the positive relationship between JIT-production and agile manufacturing is mediated by JIT-purchasing. The results also indicate that agile manufacturing has a direct positive relationship with the operational performance of the firm, that the operational performance of the firm has a direct positive relationship with the marketing performance of the firm, and that the positive relationship between the operational performance of the firm and the financial performance of the firm is mediated by the marketing performance of the firm.     

企业战略控制探析

企业战略是从全局来对企业具体生产经营过程进行科学的、合理的安排与筹划,具有长期性、整体性、时期性特征,战略环境和前提的转化会导致旧战略的消亡和新战略的产生。要使企业战略管理中各项活动能够顺利进行和协调发展,必须构建一个合理有效的、制度化的集团战略管理体系。本文主要从战略控制的起源、环境与战略控制的关系、战略控制与组织绩效关系、战略风险与战略控制关系、财务控制与战略控制关系、董事会与战略控制关系、战略控制程序、战略控制方法这八个方面对企业战略控制理论进行阐述。战略控制是高层次的管理控制,它受到公司治理主体的影响,关注的是长期的、具有战略意义的问题。