论税收控烟的有效性及其制度保障

本文从烟产品的需求价格弹性、各国的税收控烟效果以及对吸烟者的问卷调查结果等角度论证利用税收政策控制烟产品消费的有效性,分析目前中国影响税收控烟效果的因素,提出调整与烟草相关的财政体制、来源于烟产品的税收收入服务于控烟目标、禁止公款消费烟产品以及严惩腐败等政策建议.     

酒类包装物押金税务会计处理和纳税筹划

酒类企业包装物收取押金是普遍现象,不同酒包装物押金征收增值税和消费税的规定是不相同的。本文分别以白酒、啤酒、黄酒和其他酒为分析对象,首先探讨收取押金的税务会计处理,其次分析包装物收取押金不退和连同产品一起销售相比的纳税筹划利益,得出酒类包装物收取押金可以获得延期纳税筹划利益。得出啤酒和黄酒包装物收取押金获得延期纳税筹划利益较大,白酒包装物收取押金会计处理方法不同影响纳税筹划利益等研究结论,为酒类企业经营管理者进行纳税筹划决策提供一些建设性意见。     

新税制环境下企业流转税纳税筹划探析

纳税筹划比税务筹划的概念更适合于纳税人.三大流转税涉税业务多,发生频率高,是企业的主体税种.在新一轮税制改革环境下,增值税可以运用销售方式、结算方式、选择供货单位等方法筹划;消费税可以通过设立独立的销售机构、运用价格临界点、避免从高计税等途径来筹划;营业税则可采用分解营业额、合理签订合同、单设企业等方式予以筹划.纳税企业需恰当运用税收政策,规避税务风险,降低纳税成本,不断提高税务管理水平.     

增值税转型与扩围相关问题分析

增值税转型改革对于我国经济的发展以及完善税收结构有着积极的作用,同时也对国家财政收入、产业升级和经济结构调整、企业税负等宏观经济方面产生了深远的影响。在实行增值税转型的过程中尚存在着增值税占税收收入的比例过高,中央与地方税收收入分配关系不合理等问题。我国应围绕增值税的扩围改革重新修订相关的法规政策,及时出台增值税实施条例细则;调整中央与地方政府的间的财政关系,合理调整中央政府和地方政府以及不同地方级次的分享比例,重构地税体系,适当扩大地方税权,同时根据营业税改征增值税企业的特点,合理确定税收征管机构。     

中国的涉外税法与国际惯例及WTO规则的冲突与协调

中国涉外税法与国际税收惯例及WTO的规则在经济全球化的进程中存在许多冲突,特别是在涉外所得税与关税方面,对于税收管辖权、税收优惠、防范国际避税、国际税收协定等方面的规定。分析涉外税法与国际税收惯例、WTO的一些规则及相互冲突等问题,并对中国涉外税法及适用进行相应的一些改革,这对于达到与国际税收惯例及WTO规则的协调很有必要。     

Taxation and entrepreneurship in a welfare state

Does tax policy affect the rate of self-employment in a modern welfare state? This question is analyzed empirically based on Swedish data for the entire postwar period. Available tax data indicate that payroll taxes have had a negative influence on the unincorporated rate of self-employment, though the effect is modest. No effects from regular labor income taxation or capital gains taxation are found. The paper improves upon earlier studies in that it tries to separate the effects of different taxes and uses cointegration techniques. A further extension is that it studies a Scandinavian high-tax welfare state. Earlier time-series studies analyzing self-employment and taxation have, with few exceptions, been based on data from countries with relatively low tax levels and less comprehensive welfare systems, notably the USA and the UK.     

Taxation and Bank Efficiency: Cross-Country Evidence

This paper investigates the relationship between the effective tax rate on bank income and bank profit efficiency. Our sample consists of 3,472 observations from 533 publicly quoted commercial banks operating in 46 countries between 2001 and 2009. We estimate a global frontier while controlling for various country-specific characteristics such as regulations, macroeconomic conditions, market concentration, and financial and overall development. The results indicate that a higher tax rate results in higher pre-tax profit efficiency. However, the relationship is non-linear, indicating that there is a point after which a further increase in taxation reduces bank profit efficiency. We also find that concentration in the banking sector enhances the effect of taxation on profit efficiency. Overall, the results provide some support to the tax-shifting hypothesis. However, there is no robust evidence that the impact of taxation on profit efficiency is influenced by the extent of private monitoring.     

个人所得税纳税筹划探讨

随着我国税收法律法规的健全和人民收入水平的不断提高,越来越多的人们开始关注个人所得税。纳税人在期望税收成本最低的情况下,通过减少应纳税所得额、利用股权投资等纳税筹划方式来减少所缴纳的个人所得税,以达到税收成本最低的目的,从而提高个人实际的经济收益。     

Domain-Specific Consumer Involvement in the U.S. Wine Market

An 18-item multidimensional scale was developed to measure wine consumer involvement level impact on behavior and consumption dynamics. Data were collected at wine tasting events in Portland, Oregon, U.S., yielding a final sample size of 101 respondents. Male wine consumers do not display a higher level of involvement with wine as a product than females, and neither do consumers 45 years and older in comparison with younger consumers. Consumers with high education and income levels do not use these as a basis of their involvement level with wine. Price is not more frequently used by low involvement wine drinkers in the wine purchasing decision.     

增值税转型对财务管理的影响

自我国2009年初实施增值税从生产型转为消费型的税收体制改革以来,对我国企业财务管理活动产生了重大影响。增值税转型后,企业在消费型增值税制度下,重复征税的问题得到解决,企业在不违反税收政策的前提下,可以在纳税人身份、销售方式、固定资产投资、经营决策等方面进行适当的选择,尽可能的少投入多产出,实现企业利润最大化的财务管理目标。     

Cigarette Consumption in Different U.S. States, 1955–1998: An Empirical Analysis of the Potential Use of Excise Taxation to Reduce Smoking

The use of excise taxation as a tool for financing part of Medicaid and national health care costs as well as for discouraging smoking behavior was a major political issue in the 1980s and early 1990s. It failed to gain Congressional support despite a significant increase in both federal and most state tax rates over the past twenty years. Annual data and OLS techniques are used to analyze the demand for cigarettes in the 50 states and the District of Columbia over the period from 1955 to 1998. Results show the demand for cigarettes to be relatively price inelastic. However, the estimates indicate more elasticity for high tax states than for low tax states. The price inelastic coefficient of the aggregate demand suggests that the main impact of taxation is likely to result in increased revenues to states rather than in directly reducing tobacco usage. The ultimate impact on smoking usage depends on how these increased revenues are spent and whether they become directed at smoking reduction. Cigarette demand is also found to be income inelastic, which implies that the tobacco industry has been growing less rapidly or even declining relative to the rising trend of the per capita disposable personal income in many states.     

A Comparison of Drinkers' and Nondrinkers' Responses to Health-Related Information Presented on Wine Beverage Labels

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATF) recently approved two statements that can now be presented on wine bottles to inform consumers about the potential positive health effects of wine consumption. This study examined effects related to the inclusion of a health claim related statement in abetween-subjects experiment involving drinkers and nondrinkers' exposure to manipulated wine labels. The results indicate that consumer attitudes towards the wine product and perceptions of the long-term health effects of wine consumption were influenced by the interaction between the presence of a government warning statement, the availability of a health-effects claim, and drinking status. The implications of these findings for marketers and public policy makers are discussed.     

物流业营业税制改革设想

现代物流业作为新兴的第三产业,在我国当前社会经济发展中发挥着越来越重要的支撑和引领作用。然而由于现行税制的不完善,在一定程度上阻碍了我国物流业的进一步发展。本文结合物流企业现行营业税制的相关规定,分析其存在的重复课征、税率不一等阻碍物流业发展的诸多问题,提出为物流业减负的营业税制调整和改革的基本设想。     

Tourism Promotion,Increasing Returns and Domestic Welfare

This paper compares the effect of tourism promotion funded by commodity tax and income tax on domestic welfare in an open economy with increasing returns in the tourism and the non‐tourism sector. A promotion may overcome the under‐production of tourism goods through taking account of the implications of increasing returns, but at the same time, the taxation may have an adverse impact on the rest of the economy. Employing a general equilibrium analysis, we find that the cost of tourism promotion overcomes the benefit, reducing local residents' welfare. Furthermore, commodity tax on tourism consumption is relatively more efficient than income tax in a monopolistic competition, with less adverse impact on the variety of non‐tourism goods. We also clarify the condition for deteriorating ‘terms of trade’, which only happens when the country has a small allocation of factor endowments.     

Ethics and taxation: A cross-national comparison of UK and Turkish firms

This paper investigates responses to tax related ethical issues facing firms, an area where there has been little prior research. As perceptions may be determined by response to different legal systems and regulations, we examine responses to a series of ethical questions posed to two groups of tax practitioners, one group employed in UK firms and another group employed in Turkish firms. This facilitates both an examination of responses from within each country and a cross-national comparison of ethics and taxation. Although there is a similarity of perception of the importance of a number of taxation related ethical issues between UK practitioners and Turkish practitioners, there are also several statistically significant differences between the two groups. The paper makes a significant contribution to the literature through obtaining and analysing data from tax professionals in the UK and Turkey to provide a cross-national study of corporate tax practice and ethics. The paper is novel in that no prior studies have reported cross-national studies that have examined tax issues related to firms.     

严格设计税收优惠 确保碳税实施效果

我国开征碳税要避免重蹈发达国家碳税优惠政策过滥,影响其实际减排效果的覆辙。对排碳大户不但不能豁免碳税,而且要重点关注碳税促进其实际节能减排的效果。同时,为促进企业生产方式的转变和平衡排碳大户税收负担,对排碳大户自愿签订减排协议以及其他实际减排的行为,可通过财政补贴方式在一定时期内给予专项补助。只有重点治理好排碳大户的排碳行为,并对碳税实现＂收支两条线＂管理,才能保证碳税的实施效果和规范税制。     

Consumption dynamics and demographics of Canadian wine consumers: Retailing insights from the tasting room channel

This study facilitates a better understanding of the socio-demographics and consumption dynamics of wine consumers using the retailing ‘platform’ of the winery tasting room with them as visitors to it in a wine region environment. The overall aim was to gain some insights on gender and age generation-related consumer behaviour, wine type preferences, and their link to retail channel behaviour. Systematic random sampling yielded a total of 659 useable surveys collected at various tasting rooms in the Niagara Peninsula Wine Region in Ontario, Canada. Specific differences exist in the wine consumption behaviour and wine type preferences of males and females and between generational cohorts, specifically Millennial and older consumers. Whereas females and males do not differ much in quantity consumed and spend on wine, they do differ greatly in wine type consumption with females drinking significantly more white and males more red wine. Wine type consumption was shown to be moderated by not only classical demographic variables, but also by the retail outlets preferred for wine purchase. Females buy more of their wine from foodservice on-trade retail outlets such as restaurants, while Millennials frequent the tasting room channel much less than older consumers. There are strong indications that the higher the wine tourism activity level, the higher the wine consumption (usage) level of the consumers. It is possible to direct marketing strategies at wine consumers in accordance with their gender and lifecycle stage as far as certain behavioural and sensory aspects of the product is concerned. The winery tasting room is the most obvious retail channel vehicle to reach people with high tourism activity factor levels who also happen to be the high usage consumers in the wine market.     

所得税、自由现金流与过度投资——来自中国2008年A股上市公司的经验证据

对2008年沪深两市A股上市公司的实证研究发现,企业所得税的实际税率和税收监管在管理层考虑投资成本、监管风险等情况下抑制了过度投资,而税负在管理层合理避税动机下反而刺激了过度投资。结合上市公司股权控制特征,对实际控制人股权性质的分组检验表明,所得税对国有控股公司比非国有控股公司在过度投资行为上的影响更为显著。     

对我国电子商务C2C网店模式的纳税建立研究

近年,我国电子商务快速发展,网络购物交易额越来越大,对C2C电子商务模式征税受到各方关注。事实上,税法为C2C电子商务征税提供了法律依据;税收公平原则也要求对C2C网店进行征税;为了规范网购市场,促进电子商务健康发展,对C2C网店征税亦是必然发展结果。我国建立C2C网店的纳税模式,宜减免小微网店税负;科学制定C2C网络交易税征收法规和方法;规范网络发票流程,实行委托网络交易平台代扣代缴税款制度。     

关于我国开征物业税的理性思考

目前,我国国内房地产税的征收情况比较混乱,房地产税制不统一,税费项目繁多且负担偏重。同时,我国还普遍存在着产权关系不明、房地产价值评估体系不健全、法律法规不完善等问题,在这种情况下开征物业税,必将对房地产行业、购房者、政府和金融机构等都产生重大影响。为了建立一个科学有效、公平稳定的物业税制度,优化资源配置、调节贫富差距、优化现行税收政策,必须完成相应的立法工作,完善土地管理制度,建立相关部门紧密配合的协调制度,从而为房地产税收的课征创造良好的环境。