养老机构公建民营：现状、特征及问题

养老机构公建民营是中国公办养老机构的改革方向。本文通过对47个国内养老机构公建民营案例的分析,梳理了养老机构公建民营的简要历程,认为当前养老机构公建民营具有改革实践时间短、参与社会组织较为多样、民营机构参与方式集中、承包期限灵活、社会组织参与要求高等基本特征。本文进一步分析了养老机构公建民营面临的公建民营实践形式界定困难、公办养老机构定位不清、政府养老职能错位、服务对象不明确等主要问题,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

我国政府购买机构养老服务的政策分析

随着人口老龄化程度的不断提高,我国已进入老龄化社会,养老问题日益突出。家庭的养老功能不断弱化,机构养老成为越来越多的老年人的选择。由于养老服务的公共产品特性,不可能完全依靠政府或市场单方面提供。在西方社会福利多元化的影响下,政府购买成为机构养老服务供给的一种新型路径选择,政府逐渐由"服务的直接提供者"向"服务的间接提供者"转变,在我国具体表现为公办民营、民办公助、公补民用这三种主要模式。     

养老服务财政保障资金绩效评价——基于X省24县调查数据的分析

"十四五"时期我国将步入中度人口老龄化社会,人口老龄化要求加大养老服务财政保障支出。党的十九大提出"全面实施绩效管理",要求提高财政支出效率。文章基于X省24个县的调查数据,采用实地调研法,对养老服务财政保障资金进行了绩效评价,发现存在以下问题:政策落实不精准,影响了绩效目标的实现;财政支出进度慢,当年资金使用率低;民营养老机构发展慢,体制障碍尚未消除;配套性措施缺失,社会资本参与度低。为此,提出了以下建议:规范项目管理,强化政府顶层设计;多渠道增加养老服务设施,鼓励社会资本参与;打通养老服务领域"痛点""堵点",提升养老服务市场活力;优化项目结构,完善补贴办法;加强项目绩效考核,提高财政资金使用绩效。     

养老机构中层管理人员培训标准研究

中国老龄化问题严重,养老压力大。然而作为养老主要力量的社会养老服务机构提供的服务水平让人担忧,其中中层管理人员水平直接影响着机构的服务水平。因此本文通过调研不同地区养老机构中层管理人员管理水平现状,分析国内养老机构中层管理人员服务管理方面存在的问题以及培训的必要性。研究国外先进的养老服务经验,通过对比借鉴,提出具有中国特色的养老机构中层管理人员培训标准化模式。     

民营养老机构的组织社会学分析

民营养老机构是机构养老的一支重要力量.由于体制性的原因,我国民营养老机构处于徘徊不前的状态.本文利用组织社会学理论分析了民营养老机构运作的特点,明确了民营养老机构绩效低下的原因,指出未来的民营养老机构应走产业化道路.     

《养老机构服务规范》地方标准解读

<正>标准制定的必要性和意义近年来,国家对养老服务业发展高度重视,出台了《老年人权益保障法》和《养老机构管理办法》,还有民政部等五部委《关于加强养老服务标准化工作的指导意见》;发布了GB/T 29353-2012《养老机构基本规范》、MZ/T 039-2013《老年人能力评估标准》等一系列养老     

还应提供更加细化的养老服务规范

<正>近日,山西省出台了《养老机构服务规范》和《医疗养老结合基本服务规范》两个地方标准。作为身处外地的一个老年人,对此当然是羡慕的。第一说明山西的现实已经有了这样的需要,其次说明山西的相关部门(例如民政、医疗、标准化管理等部门)对养老事业相当重视,第三说明诸如养老机构、医疗养老结合之类实体已经发     

民营养老机构循环滚动创新发展的探讨

民营养老机构经过这几年的快速发展已经成为我国应对人口老龄化的主力军。目前,我国的民营养老机构面临着入住率低、微利或亏损经营的困境,究其原因,是由于行业效益产出和资金投入比低。民营养老机构通过在依托国家扶植政策,吸引公益性基金的资金投入,根据市场需求增加经营项目,科学高效管理等多个方面入手,循环滚动创新发展,不断壮大自己,探索出一条适合自身发展的道路。     

养老服务机构标准化建设思考与对策

我国步入老龄化社会以来,日益呈现老年人口基数大、增长快,需要照料的老人数量剧增等态势。近年来,我国的社会养老服务体系建设取得了长足发展。但是,从总体上看,我国养老服务社会化还处在起步阶段,存在许多问题。要解决我国养老服务业发展面临的诸多问题,除了健全社区养老服务的法规、加强政府对社区养老服务事业的投入及监督管理力度、加速对老年服务业专门人才的培养外,全行业亟待规范化、标准化的技术措施介入。通过养老服务标准体系建设及实施,可以规范养老机构服务行为,提高服务质量,促进养老服务业的健康可持续发展。     

五部门要求加强养老服务标准化建设

正日前,民政部、国家标准化管理委员会、商务部、国家质检总局、全国老龄办等五部门联合出台指导意见,要求各地进一步加强养老服务标准化建设,积极营造安全、便利、诚信的养老服务消费环境。这份名为"关于加强养老服务标准化工作的指导意见"提出,行业标准和市场规范是推进养老服务工作的重要基石,是更好地提供为     

Development in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Statistics at the Australian Bureau of Statistics

This paper outlines the ICT statistical developments that the ABS has undertaken over recent years. These developments have been on both the supply side (ICT industry) and the demand side (use of IT by sector). The content of ABS ICT surveys has changed significantly over the last few years and are expected to develop further in line with industry changes and emerging policy needs.
Recent developments in household collections have been the inclusion of IT use questions in the 2001 Census of Population and Housing and in various ABS social surveys such as Children's Participation in Culture and Leisure Activities. Annual business IT use surveys are now conducted and include topics such as Internet commerce and IT security. Biennial ICT industry surveys are conducted to provide data on ICT production, imports and exports, ICT industry employment, performance and structure information. An Internet activity survey is run every six months and provides regional Internet access details and infrastructure details on Internet service providers.
A major development for 2002–03 will be the compilation of an ICT satellite account. ABS intends to produce an ICT Information Development Plan to guide its future statistical development work in the ICT field.     

Incumplimiento del salario mínimo en Europa central y oriental

En este estudio se analiza el incumplimiento del salario mínimo durante el periodo 2003–2012 en diez países de Europa central y oriental con salario mínimo obligatorio nacional. A partir de los datos de EU‐SILC y la metodología propuesta por Bhorat, Kanbur y Mayet (2013), se cuantifica la incidencia y magnitud del incumplimiento. Se realizan análisis de regresión sobre determinantes individuales, laborales y macroeconómicos. Aunque la incidencia permanece relativamente baja, los trabajadores a los que se dirigen las políticas de salario mínimo parecen los más expuestos a su incumplimiento. Con el tiempo, una mayor incidencia se asocia a una razón más alta entre salario mínimo y salario medio.     

Value at Risk in the Suburbs: Eminent Domain and the Geographical Politics of the US Foreclosure Crisis

Several US counties and local governments have recently considered a novel solution to the foreclosure crisis. They plan to use eminent domain to compel the owners of mortgage debt—and specifically of private‐label mortgage‐backed securities—to sell the debt to the government at a price reflecting the loan's market value. The government would then restructure the debt and resell it to new investors. The plans are striking because—in contrast to both development‐driven eminent domain and the federal subprime bank bailout—they would force investors to assume asset devaluation and increased long‐term risk. Notably, the plans have emerged as an instance of financialization‐focused politics in suburbs and suburban cities of color, specifically majority‐black and ‐Latino/a suburbs. Local support for the plans, we argue, is rooted in the long‐term disinvestment of these ‘suburbs of exception', which became targets of subprime lending and eventually sites where the ‘financial exception' has been localized. But these demographic shifts, fragmentation and fiscal pressures have at the same time created a suburban political terrain in which the plans have gained their strongest political support.     

Towards a Theory of Serendipity: A Systematic Review and Conceptualization

Serendipity – the notion of making surprising and valuable discoveries – plays a major role in the success of individuals and organizations alike. Previous research has established the importance of serendipity and identified important individual- and organizational-level antecedents. However, the literature has been dispersed and the boundaries of the concept have been blurry, leading to a lack of conceptual clarity and structure, and thus limiting validity and managerial actionability. Based on a systematic literature review, I synthesize existing management-related research on serendipity and explicate the emergence and composition of serendipity in the organizational context. I first identify three necessary conditions that differentiate serendipity from related concepts such as luck or targeted innovation: agency, surprise, and value. Then, I draw from the literature on sensemaking, event-based theorizing, and quantum-based approaches to management to conceptualize the process of cultivating serendipity in the organizational context as a process of enabling potentiality and materialization, and develop a multi-level theory of (cultivating) serendipity. This conceptualization contributes to our collective understanding of how, why, and when (i.e., under what conditions) organizations can leverage the value in the unexpected, which opens up fruitful avenues for further research.     

Accountability of NGOs in Bangladesh A critical overview

NGOs in Bangladesh have been recognized as effective change agents in the socio-economic arena throughout the world. Their contributions in micro credit, non-formal education and primary health care are widely known. NGOs play a significant role in society. NGO accountability, as a result, has become a critical issue. NGO accountability in Bangladesh has been examined here in relation to patrons, clients and themselves. Of the three relationships only accountability to patrons is in a near satisfactory state. Accountability to clients is handicapped by lack of opportunities of beneficiaries to participate meaningfully in NGO policy making. Accountability to themselves is adversely affected due to the adherence to a strictly hierarchical system and the influence of founding and charismatic NGO leaders.     

Ansätze und Ergebnisse anglo-amerikanischer M&A-Forschung

Based on a review of established U.S. management journals (1995–2003), six schools of thought are identified within the Anglo-American M&;A research: “Capital Market”, “Principal/Agent”, “Industrial Organization”, “Organizational Behavior”, “Human Resources” and “Strategic Management”. The literature review shows that the definition of M&;A success, the methods applied, and insights from empirical research differ according to the respective school of thought. Empirical studies focus on the resource combinations of merger partners, the specific circumstances of merger negotiations, and on integration management as antecedents of merger performance. Unfortunately, empirical findings have not yet provided reliable explanations for M&;A success. Based on the current state of Anglo-American M&;A research, the authors discuss implications for business practice, identify research gaps, and propose areas for future research.     

Towards an Asian model of human resource management? A comparative analysis of China,Japan and South Korea

There has been much discussion regarding the possible decline and weakening of national systems of human resource management (HRM). Yet, culture and institutions are often cited as the major stumbling blocks to this outcome. Such constraints may dissipate in the analysis, particularly if ‘regional clusters’ are considered where geographic and cultural closeness and ‘openness’ to similar economic pressures exist. In such cases, it might be postulated that convergence in HRM will occur. We argue that China, Japan and South Korea represent such a cluster. This article examines these countries, to see if a degree of convergence is taking place and if it is towards an identifiable ‘Asian’ model of HRM. A model of change is presented that distinguishes between levels of occurrence and acceptance. Details of the development and practice of HRM in each country are then set out. The article ends with a discussion and implications section and a brief conclusion.     

Cultural Economy Planning in Creative Cities: Discourse and Practice

While a growing body of research analyses the functional mechanisms of the cultural or creative economy, there has been little attention devoted to understanding how local governments translate this work into policy. Moreover, research in this vein focuses predominately on Richard Florida's creative class thesis rather than considering the wider body of work that may influence policy. This article seeks to develop a deeper understanding of how municipalities conceptualize and plan for the cultural economy through the lens of two cities held up as model ‘creative cities’ — Austin, Texas and Toronto, Ontario. The work pays particular attention to how the cities adopt and adapt leading theories, strategies and discourses of the cultural economy. While policy documents indicate that the cities embrace the creative city model, in practice agencies tend to adapt conventional economic development strategies for cultural economy activity and appropriate the language of the creative city for multiple purposes.     

Introduction of New Technology with a Sound Transition of the Input-Output Structure

We examine the general equilibrium repercussions associated with the introduction of new technologies, using the generalized Leontief system that allows technological substitutions. We show that an untested introduction of cost-increasing technologies in any industry may result in creating a non-productive technological structure that does not satisfy the Hawkins-Simon condition, following the autonomous dynamic adjustment process with structural transitions in the economic system. Therefore, we propose a practicable control scheme of introducing cost-increasing technologies that strictly avoids the creation of non-productive structures in all periods of structural transition, using the available information on the ex ante technological structure.     

Input/output ranges and performance: an examination of US machine tool producers

Despite the establishment of high-tech multinational enterprises (MNEs) in Ireland since the late 1950s, the country did not succeed in closing the technological gap with most of its EU counterparts. The weak National System of Innovation (NSI), and in particular low business and government R&D levels, combined with a lack of research and technology linkages between MNEs and indigenous firms, explain these poor results. However, the Shannon region in the West of the country presents some specific institutional characteristics that could theoretically make the region a strong technological enclave. The various actors in the region - i.e. the administrative, financial, political and research institutions, as well as the business organizations - have indeed infused a new type of economic development. After a brief review of the available concepts and models articulated around these actors and their interrelationships, the paper analyses whether the Shannon region, taken as an illustrative example, mirrors a specific economic and technological localized setting. The study is based on a survey of indigenous and foreign firms.